2013 PORSCHE 911 TURBO engine

2526
Po w e r.
For Porsche, power and weight have always been viewed as part of the
same equation. Turbocharging is a way to create a dramatic increase in
power, without adding the bulk of a big displacement engine. And then
there is the question of where to place the engine’s mass. In the new
911
T
urbo, it is where you’d expect Porsche to put it: at the rear.
Together with countless other innovations, these two fundamental
aspects of the 911 Turbo—its turbocharged power, rear-mounted—
create a performance character for which there simply is no substitute.

2728 Power | Engine
The new 911 Turbo engine adheres
to proven Porsche principles: rear-
mounted. With six cylinders and a total
displacement of 3.8 liters. And the
cylinders placed horizontally in two
opposite rows—what ’s referred to as
a “ flat-six” arrangement. It does not
deviate from this formula because the
typical Porsche “boxer” construction
and the rear-mounted position of the
engine create numerous advantages:
excellent balancing of masses as
dynamic loads change, a low-vibration
drive, and a low center of gravit y. But what ultimately transforms a Porsche
into a 911 Turbo are its t wo exhaust-
driven turbochargers. Together with
Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG), the
intake manifold, and VarioCam Plus,
the forced induction of compressed
air into the cylinders creates stunning
performance. On paper or on pavement,
there is nothing like a Porsche 911 Turbo.
The new 911 Turbo and the
new 911 Turbo Cabriolet deliver
520 horsepower available between
6000 and 6500 rpm, and 487 lb.-ft. of torque bet ween 1950 and 5000 rpm
(a
nd briefly up to 524 lb.-ft. with the
overboost function that comes with
the optional Sport Chrono Package).
The 911 Turbo S models have
560 horsepower available between
6500 and 6750 rpm. The maximum
torque is 516 lb.-ft., from 2100 –4250 rpm.
And it can increase to 553 lb.-ft., thanks
to the overboost function that comes
with the Sport Chrono Package, which
is standard on Turbo S models. This is efficient performance, thanks
to intelligent innovations that keep
the vehicle weight low and make
optimal use of fuel. These include new
efficiency-enhancing measures such as
thermal management, electrical system
recuperation, the Auto Start Stop
function, and the coasting function.
The essential ingredients are familiar.
Yet transformation is phenomenal.
Engine.

2930 Power | Engine
Both versions of the new engine have
Direct Fuel Injection (DFI). DFI injects
the fuel directly into the combustion
chamber with millisecond precision.
Injection and taper angle are optimized
for torque, performance, consumption,
and emissions. The engine control
system adjusts the injection timing
individually for each cylinder and the
injection quantit y for each cylinder
bank. The greater compression this achieves provides more power—and
makes the engine more efficient.
The integrated dry-sump lubrication
ensures reliable oil supply and also
performs additional cooling functions.
The electronic oil pump supplies oil
when it is needed. And because the oil
reservoir is integrated in the engine,
there is no need for an external oil tank.
This saves space and, above all, weight.
The 3.8-liter, 6-cylinder boxer engine
is made with a light weight alloy
design. The engine’s impressive
power-to-weight ratio increases
agilit y and optimizes fuel efficiency. The connecting rods and aluminum
pistons are forged for added
strength, and each piston is
individually cooled by oil injection
nozzles in each cylinder. The cylinders are made from an aluminum alloy
that offers exceptional resistance
to the punishing heat generated
by a high-performance engine.
The result—for you, and for the
911 Turbo driving experience—

is an engine with extraordinary
power and surprisingly low
consumption, especially when
compared to engines with
greater displacement.
911 Turbo S an d 911 Turbo S Cabriolet:
516 lb.-f t. bet ween 2100 and 4250 rpm, 560 horsepower bet ween 6500 and 6750 rpm
911



Tu
rbo and 911 Turbo Cabriolet:
487 lb.-f t. bet ween 1950 and 5000 rpm, 520 horsepower bet ween 6000 and 6500 rpm
637
603 570
536 503 469
436
402 369
335 302
268 235 20116 8
13 4 101 67
34 0
100015 0 0200025003000350040004500500055006000650070007500 568
546 524
502 479
457
435 413
391
369 3 47
325
302
280 258
236 214
192 17 0
14 8
Torque (lb.-ft.) Power (hp)
Engine Speed (rpm)
520 hp487 lb.-ft.
524 lb.-ft. overboost
637
603 570
536 503 469
436
402 369
335 302
268 235 20116 8
13 4 101 67
34 0
100015 0 0200025003000350040004500500055006000650070007500 568
546 524
502 479
457
435 413
391
369 3 47
325
302
280 258
236 214
192 17 0
14 8
Torque (lb.-ft.) Power (hp)
Engine Speed (rpm)
560 hp)516 lb.-f t .
553 lb.-ft. overboost

32
1
2
3
4
Power | Engine
Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG)
One of the critical factors in designing a
turbocharged engine has always been the
size of the turbo units. Large turbines
create massive boost, but suffer “ turbo
lag” as they begin to spool up. Smaller
turbines respond more quickly, but lack
the capacit y to induce large amounts
of exhaust air. With Variable Turbine
Geometry (VTG), Porsche engineers
have resolved this conflict. As exhaust
flow from the engine is channeled into
the turbines, the engine management
system controls the electronically
adjustable guide vanes, changing the
vane angle so the system can replicate
the advantages of both sizes of turbo,
large and small. The optimal gas-flow
characteristics are achieved at all times. This results in a high turbine speed—
and greater boost pressure—even
at low engine rpm. With more air
available, the combustion is increased,
yielding bet ter power and torque. The
torque curve reaches its maximum
level much sooner—and stays there.
V TG also improves the response
of the turbo engine with dynamic
boost pressure development.
When the boost pressure reaches
its maximum value, the guide vanes
are opened further. By varying the
vane angle, it is possible to achieve
the required boost pressure over the
entire engine-speed range, so excess
pressure valves are no longer required.
Porsche revolutionized the modern
sports car with the original 911 Turbo.
And with innovations such as Variable
Turbine Geometry (VTG) in the new
911 Turbo, the revolution carries on.
VarioCam Plus
VarioCam Plus is a two-in-one engine
concept that adjusts the camshafts on
the intake side and controls valve lift.
The system distinguishes bet ween
normal everyday driving and maximum
power requirements and adapts to
the corresponding conditions. The
switchover is performed imperceptibly
by the electronic engine management
system. The result is spontaneous
acceleration, an extremely quiet drive,
and extraordinary engine power with
comparatively low fuel consumption. press as much of the air/fuel mixture as
possible into the cylinders. But added
compression not only increases air
volume—it also raises air temperature.
And this has a negative effect on ignition.
The 911 Turbo model’s expansion
manifold turns that principle around. The
internal geometry is radically different
from that of a resonance intake system.
Key modifications include a longer
distributor pipe with a smaller diameter,
and shorter intake pipes. As a result,
the air is in the expansion phase as it
enters the combustion chambers.
Since expansion always cools, the air/
fuel temperature is lower, ignition is
significantly improved, and—here’s the
best part—performance is increased.
Expansion Intake Manifold
More power using less fuel. Sounds
paradoxical, but it ’s really quite simple.
You just have to question the norm.
Take the intake manifold in the new
911 Turbo models, as an example. With
a traditional resonance manifold, more
air means more power. The compression
effect in the intake system is used to The amount of air that enters the engine
under expansion is less than it would
be under compression. To compensate
for this, Porsche engineers simply
increased the boost pressure. The
resulting increase in temperature—again
through compression—is immediately
offset by the uprated intercoolers.
Instead of hot compressed air entering
the combustion chambers, the cooler
air generates more power and torque.
As a consequence, there is a major
improvement in engine efficiency.
Fuel consumption is lower, even under
heav y loads and at high revs.
4 VarioCam Plus4
1 Vanes closed | 2 Vanes open | 3 Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG)

3334
Thermal Management
The thermal management system
regulates the temperature in the engine
and transmission through the intelligent
manipulation of heat flow. It allows the
engine and transmission to reach their
optimal operating temperatures sooner.
The result? Combustion efficiency and
lubrication performance are improved,
and fuel consumption is reduced.
Auto Start Stop Function
The Auto Start Stop function is standard
in the new 911 Turbo models. When
the speed falls below 4 mph and the
911 Turbo is decelerating normally, the
engine switches off. For example, as you
are slowing while approaching a red light.
Audio and communication systems
remain switched on. The climate
control continues to maintain your
selected temperature. The engine
starts again when you release the
brake or move the steering wheel.
The Auto Start Stop function may remain
inactive under particular circumstances,
for example if the bat tery charge is
low, when the Sport but ton is selected,
or when there are extreme outside
temperatures. It is also possible to
deactivate the function manually using a
separate button on the center console.
Electrical System Recuperation
Another fuel-saving innovation that’s
standard on the new 911 Turbo models
is electrical system recuperation
technology. It captures the energy
created during events such as braking.
The vehicle bat tery is recharged by
the alternator, predominantly under
braking. Under acceleration, on the
other hand, the power draw of the
alternator is limited to increase the
engine output available for driving.
The electrical systems are supplied
by the electrical energy stored
during the recharging process.

3536 Power | Transmission
To make something happen,
you have to be able to convey your principles.
Transmission.
1 Power transmission in 1st gear
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK)
All of the new 911 Turbo models
feature the enhanced PDK transmission
with manual and automatic modes.
Porsche engineers have yet again
increased the speed and smoothness
of gear shifts. For the driver, this
means even faster shifting through
the gears without interrupting the flow of power. Acceleration
is exceptional, fuel consumption
is optimized, and performance is
delivered at a high level of comfort.
PDK has seven gears at its disposal.
Gears 1 through 6 have a sport ratio
and top speed is reached in 6th gear.
The 7th gear has a long ratio and
helps to reduce fuel consumption
by keeping engine revs low.
PDK is essentially t wo transmissions in
one. This double-clutch arrangement
provides an alternating, non-positive
connection between the two half gearboxes and the engine by means
of t wo separate input shafts.
The flow of power from the engine is
transmit ted through one half gearbox
and one clutch at a time, while the
next gear is preselected in the second
half gearbox. During a gear change, one clutch simply opens and the other
closes at the same time, enabling shifts
to take place within milliseconds.
Depending on the gearshift program
(Sport button activated or deactivated),
the shift of gears is optimized for
comfort or for sporty driving.With the optional Sport Chrono Package
(standard in the 911 Turbo S models),
PDK is enhanced by the Launch
Control and motorsport-derived
gearshift strategy functions.
1

3738
Coasting
The coasting function enables you
to save even more fuel when the
situation allows. In coast mode,
the engine is decoupled from the
transmission to prevent deceleration
caused by engine braking. Optimal use
is made of the vehicle’s momentum,
allowing the 911 Turbo to seamlessly
coast at certain times while
consuming significantly less fuel.
It works like this: Say, for example,
you want to slow down from 65 mph to
55 mph in anticipation of the change
of speed limit ahead. As soon as you
release the accelerator pedal, PDK deselects the current gear automatically
and you begin to coast in Neutral
until you have reached your desired
speed. The moment you engage the
accelerator or brake pedal, PDK selects
the appropriate gear smoothly and
seamlessly within a fraction of a second.
Another way the coast function helps
reduce fuel consumption is when you’re
driving downhill. If the gradient is gentle
enough for you to maintain a constant
speed, the transmission decouples
the drive power to save fuel. Yet PDK
remains ready to respond as swiftly
and precisely as you would expect.
In short, driving in coasting mode makes
a real impact on fuel consumption
without any need for compromise on
comfort or sporty performance.

3940
Porsche Traction Management (PTM)
Enhanced Porsche Traction Management
(PTM) with water-cooled front-axle
gearbox is standard in all of the new
911 Turbo models. It is an active all-
wheel-drive system with an electronically
variable map-controlled multiplate
clutch, Automatic Brake Differential
(ABD), and Anti-Slip Regulation (ASR).
And it delivers the high power of the new
911 Turbo models even more effectively
and efficiently to the road. This is thanks
to the new water-cooling system for the
front-axle gearbox. Water conducts heat
bet ter than air. So the cooling jackets placed on the gearbox have several
advantages: When you first start your
911 Turbo, the water ensures that the
gearbox warms up more quickly—and
reaches its optimal temperature sooner.
And during the drive itself, the heat
produced is dissipated more easily.
So more torque and more drive
force can be transmit ted through
the gearbox to the front axle.
Drive power is distributed bet ween
the permanently driven rear axle
and the front axle by means of the
electronically variable multiplate clutch.The status of the vehicle is continuously
monitored so that it is possible to respond
to different driving situations. Sensors are
used to collect a range of data, including
the rotational speed of all four wheels,
the lateral and longitudinal acceleration of
the car, and the current steering angle.
If, for example, the rear wheels begin
to lose traction under acceleration, a
greater proportion of the drive power
is automatically transmit ted to the front
axle by a more positive engagement of
the multiplate clutch. In addition, ASR
prevents wheelspin by adapting the
engine’s power output. During cornering, the optimal level of drive power is
distributed to the front wheels to help
ensure excellent lateral stability.
In conjunction with Porsche Stability
Management (PSM), PTM helps to
ensure the perfect distribution of drive
power for optimal traction in most road
scenarios, whether on long straights,
through tight corners, or on surfaces
with different friction coefficients.