Page 119 of 828
02-10
4892-01 ABS/ESP module
Introduced ESP system
4420-01 Stabilizer bar
Introduced dual peak bush
4411-01 Shock absorber spring
Spring height and rate changed
Height: 345.7 (4WD), 341.7 (2WD)
5. MAJOR CHANGES IN CHASSIS
OldNew
OldNew
Dual peak bush
Page 140 of 828
02-30000-00
1. SPECIFICATION
Unit Description Specification Remark
Cylinder head Height 142.9 to 143.1 mm -
Flatness below 0.1 mm -
Valve protrusion Intake valve 0.1 to 0.7 mm -
Exhaust valve 0.1 to 0.7 mm -
Flatness on manifold
sideIntake manifold 0.08 mm -
Exhaust manifold 0.08 mm -
Connecting rod End play 0.5 to 1.5 mm -
Camshaft Axial end play Intake 0.1 to 0.35 mm -
Exhaust 0.1 to 0.35 mm -
Camshaft
position sensorDistance between Camshaft position
sensor and sprocket0.20 to 1.80 mm -
Valve Clearance between
valve and pistonIntake Approx. 0.7 mm -
Exhaust Approx. 0.8 mm -
Valve recess Intake 0.1 to 0.7 mm -
Exhaust -
Cylinder block Piston protrusion 0.541 to 0.649 mm -
Piston ring TOP ring end gap 0.20 to 0.35 mm -
2nd ring end gap 0.35 to 0.50 mm -
3rd ring end gap 0.2 to 0.40 mm -
Offset 0.3 mm -
Head gasket Piston protrusion 0.475~0.540 1.2t -
0.541 to 0.649 1.3t -
0.650 to 0.745 1.4t -
Page 147 of 828

02-10
2) Cylinder Head
(1) Cylinder head mating surface check
Specified value ▶
Total height "A"142.9 to 143.1 mm
Minimum height after machining142.4 mm
FlatnessLongitudinal direction0.08 mm
Transverse direction0.0 mm
Parallel deviation of cylinder headbelow 0.1 mm
Peak-to valley of surface0.004 mm
valve recess "a"Intake valve0.1 to 0.7 mm
Exhaust valve0.1 to 0.7 mm
Measure the cylinder head height "A". 1.
If the height is less than the limit, the
cylinder head must be replaced. -
Insert the valves into the valve guides and
measure the recesses. 2.
If the measured value is out of the
specified range, machine the valve seat
as much as necessary until the specified
value is achieved. -
Valve recess “a0.1 to 0.7 mm
(2) Cylinder head pressure Leak test
<007000940094008c0099009a008c0047009b008f008c0047008a00a0009300900095008b008c00990047008f008c0088008b0047009e0090009b008f0047009b008f008c004700970099008c009a009a009c0099008c0047009700930088009b008c004700
900095009b00960047009e0088009900940047009e0088009b>er (approx. 60°C) and pressurize
with compressed air to 2 bar.
Page 538 of 828

09-4
2. CAUTIONS
Note that the display does not show everything in the rear area. Always check nobody,
especially animals and children, is behind the vehicle when parking or reversing.
If you can not properly check the vehicle behind, get out of the vehicle and then visually
check it.
The parking aid system is just a supplemental device to help your parking.
Always keep the safety precautions.
Do not press or shock the sensors by hitting or using a high-pressure water gun while
washing, since it may damage the sensors.
If the system is in normal operating condition, a short beep sounds when the shift lever is
moved into "R" position with the ignition key "ON". -
-
-
-
-
-
The parking aid system will not work or improperly work under following cases: ▶
1. Certain obstacles that sensors can not detect
Thin and narrow objects, such as wires, ropes, chains
Cotton, sponge, clothes, snow; that absorb ultrasonic waves
Obstacles lower than the bumper (ex. drain ditch or mud puddle) -
-
-
2. Not defective but improperly working
When the sensing portion is frozen (operates normally after thawed)
When the sensing portion is covered by rain, water drops, snow or mud (operates normally
after cleaned)
When receiving other ultrasonic signals (metal sound or air braking noises from heavy
commercial vehicles)
When a high-power radio is turned on -
-
-
-
3. Narrowed sensing area
When the sensing portion is partially covered by snow or mud (operates normally after
cleaned)
<007a009c009900990096009c0095008b00900095008e0047009b008c00940097008c00990088009b009c0099008c00470096008d0047009a008c0095009a0096009900470090009a0047009b009600960047008f0090008e008f0047004f00880097009700
990096009f005500470096009d008c00990047005f005700b6>C) or too low (approx.
below -30°C) -
-
When driving on the rough roads, gravel road, hill and grass
When the bumper height is changed due to heavy load
When the sensing portion is frozen
When the sensing portion is covered by rain, water drops, snow or mud
When receiving other ultrasonic signals (metal sound or air braking noises from heavy
commercial vehicles)
When a high-power radio is turned on
When some accessories are attached in detecting ranges -
-
-
-
-
-
- 4. Not defective but may cause malfunction
Page 625 of 828
05-4
1. OVERVIEW
The propeller shaft transfers the power through the transmission and transfer case to the front/rear
axle differential carrier (final reduction gear).
It is manufactured by a thin rounded steel pipe to have the strong resisting force against the torsion
and bending.
Both ends of propeller shaft are connected to the spider and the center of propeller shaft is
connected to the spline to accommodate the changes of the height and length.
The rubber bushing that covers the intermediate bearing keeps the balance of rear propeller shaft
and absorbs its vibration.
Function of propeller shaft ▶
Transmits driving torque.
Compensates the angle change (universal joint / CV joint).
Compensates the axial length change (splines for the slip joint). -
-
-
Front propeller shaft
Rear propeller shaft
Page 644 of 828
08-8
5. TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem Cause Action
Vehicle rollingBroken stabilizer bar Replace
Faulty shock absorber Replace
Abnormal noise.Loosening mounting Retighten
Damaged or worn wheel bearing Replace
Damaged shock absorber Replace
Damaged tire Replace
Poor ridingOver inflated tire Adjust pressure
Faulty shock absorber Replace
Loosened wheel nut Tighten as specified torque
Bent or broken coil spring Replace
Damaged tire Replace
Worn bushing Replace
Vehicle pulls to one sideDeformed arm assembly Replace
Worn bushing Replace
Bent or broken coil spring Replace
Hard steeringExcessive resistance of lower arm
ball jointReplace
Insufficient tire pressure Replace
Faulty power steering Replace
Unstable steering
Worn or loosened lower arm
bushingRetighten or replace
Vehicle bottoming
Worn or broken coil spring Replace
Vehicle height loweredOver loaded on the vehicle -
Defective shock absorber Replace
Defective coil spring Replace
Page 646 of 828

08-10
2. FRONT SUSPENSION (DOUBLE WISHBONE)
Advantage ▶
The advantage of a double wishbone suspension is that it is fairly easy to work out the effect
of moving each joint, so the kinematics of the suspension can be tuned easily and wheel
motion can be optimized.
It is also easy to work out the loads that different parts will be subjected to which allows more
optimized lightweight parts to be designed.
They also provide increasing negative camber gain all the way to full jounce travel unlike the
MacPherson strut which provides negative camber gain only at the beginning of jounce travel
and then reverses into positive camber gain at high jounce amounts. 1.
2.
3.
Disadvantage ▶
The disadvantage is that it is slightly more complex than other systems like a MacPherson strut.
Due to the increased number of components within the suspension setup it takes much longer to
service and is heavier than an equivalent MacPherson design. 1.
2. Double wishbone suspension is an independent suspension design using two (occasionally parallel)
wishbone-shaped arms to locate the wheel. Each wishbone or arm has two mounting points to the
chassis and one joint at the knuckle. The shock absorber and coil spring mount to the wishbones to
control vertical movement. Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the
motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel, controlling such parameters as camber angle,
caster angle, toe pattern, roll center height, scrub radius, scuff and more.
Lower arm Upper arm Shock absorber Stabilizer
Page 650 of 828

08-14
3) Caster
The angle between the vertical line and king pin, which fixes the steering knuckle and front axle,
(steering column which connects the top and bottom ball joints in the independent axle type)
when viewed the tires from the side.
Caster: With considering the height difference between the wheel centers of the front and rear
wheels. (Under standard condition that the vehicle is on a level ground) ▶
Positive caster: Top of the king pin is tilted backward from the vertical line of the wheel center
when viewed the tires from the side ▶
Advantages:Directional force to go straight (following control)
Restoring force of the wheel (restored to the straight ahead direction)
Prevention of wheel shimmy (wheels wobble left and right) -
-
-
Negative caster: Top of the king pin is tilted forward from the vertical line of the wheel center
when viewed the tires from the side ▶
Advantages:
Disadvantages:Impact from the road is transferred to the steering wheel (steering wheel
turns)
Poor straightness -
-Smaller turning radius -
CasterLH 4.4° ± 0.4°
RH 4.5° ± 0.4°