Page 538 of 828

09-4
2. CAUTIONS
Note that the display does not show everything in the rear area. Always check nobody,
especially animals and children, is behind the vehicle when parking or reversing.
If you can not properly check the vehicle behind, get out of the vehicle and then visually
check it.
The parking aid system is just a supplemental device to help your parking.
Always keep the safety precautions.
Do not press or shock the sensors by hitting or using a high-pressure water gun while
washing, since it may damage the sensors.
If the system is in normal operating condition, a short beep sounds when the shift lever is
moved into "R" position with the ignition key "ON". -
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The parking aid system will not work or improperly work under following cases: ▶
1. Certain obstacles that sensors can not detect
Thin and narrow objects, such as wires, ropes, chains
Cotton, sponge, clothes, snow; that absorb ultrasonic waves
Obstacles lower than the bumper (ex. drain ditch or mud puddle) -
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2. Not defective but improperly working
When the sensing portion is frozen (operates normally after thawed)
When the sensing portion is covered by rain, water drops, snow or mud (operates normally
after cleaned)
When receiving other ultrasonic signals (metal sound or air braking noises from heavy
commercial vehicles)
When a high-power radio is turned on -
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3. Narrowed sensing area
When the sensing portion is partially covered by snow or mud (operates normally after
cleaned)
<007a009c009900990096009c0095008b00900095008e0047009b008c00940097008c00990088009b009c0099008c00470096008d0047009a008c0095009a0096009900470090009a0047009b009600960047008f0090008e008f0047004f00880097009700
990096009f005500470096009d008c00990047005f005700b6>C) or too low (approx.
below -30°C) -
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When driving on the rough roads, gravel road, hill and grass
When the bumper height is changed due to heavy load
When the sensing portion is frozen
When the sensing portion is covered by rain, water drops, snow or mud
When receiving other ultrasonic signals (metal sound or air braking noises from heavy
commercial vehicles)
When a high-power radio is turned on
When some accessories are attached in detecting ranges -
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- 4. Not defective but may cause malfunction
Page 748 of 828

13-74170-09
2) Typical Inspection
Tread
Inspect the tread condition on the tire
surface and various damages resulting
from the foreign materials, crack, stone or
nail etc. If there is any damage in the tire,
repair or replace it. 1.
Wear limit 2.
Measure the depth of the tire tread. If
the depth of the tread is below the
specified value, replace the tire -
You can see the protruded part in the
groove at the point with mark "▲", which
is the indicator of the tread wear limit.
The limit of the tread wear for all season
tires are 1.6 mm, which is the same as
the general tires, but the wear limit mark
is indicated as '↓'. -
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Wear limit 1.6 mm
Higher than recommended pressure can cause hard ride, tire bruising or damage and rapid
tread wear at the center of the tire.
Excessive tire wear over the limit of the tread wear (1.6 mm) can cause lower sliding friction
due to longer braking distance, easy tire burst by foreign materials, tire hydroplaning, and
tough brake and steering wheel handling. -
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Page 763 of 828
01-6
The FATC has a self-diagnosis function that can diagnose the system by itself. Before checking a
component, be sure to check the fault code by using the self-diagnosis function. The self-
diagnosis consists of 6 steps. The temperature control dial (step 2 to 5) and fan speed dial (step
6) are used to enter each step of the self-diagnosis. The 6 steps of the self-diagnosis are:
▶ Step 1
▶ Step 2
▶ Step 3
▶ Step 4- The VFD and all LED segments are checked for proper illumination.
- The sensors and air mix door are checked for proper operation.
- The position and condition of the air source door and mode door are checked.
The actuator door position, fan speed and compressor operation are checked. Pressing
the defroster switch after entering step 4 changes the diagnosis mode as follows: 41 -> 42
-> 43 -> 44 -> 45 -> 46 -> 41. -
3. TROUBLESHOOTING
1) Overview
Page 766 of 828
01-96810-01
(3) Step 3
In this step, you can check the position and condition of the air source door and mode door. To
start step 3, turn the temperature control dial lightly toward the right and confirm that the number 3
appears on the display. It takes several tens of seconds to finish the check. If there is no fault
code, "30" is displayed. And if there is a malfunction, the corresponding fault code is added as
described in the step 2.
Turn temperature dial lightly toward
right to enter step 3 1.
System starts
sensor check after
"3" is displayed 2. Fault code for
sensor appears
and blinks (30 is
displayed when
there is no fault) 3.
Refer to the following table for the meaning of the fault code.
Page 781 of 828
01-24
6. A/C COOLING CYCLE
1) System Flow
"Compression -> Condensation -> Expansion -> Evaporation" -
2) Functions
(1) Compressor
Condition: Gas
Function: Circulates the refrigerant and increases the pressure and temperature for easier
evaporation. -
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(2) Condenser
Condition: Gas/Liquid
Function: Cools and condenses the refrigerant by using ambient air to liquefy it under high
pressure. -
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(3) Receiver drier
Condition: Gas/Liquid
Function: Keeps the refrigerant free from moisture by separating/collecting the moisture from it. -
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(4) Expansion valve
Condition: Liquid/Liquefied gas
Function: Performs adiabatic expansion and flow control for easier evaporation. -
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(5) Evaporator
Condition: Liquefied gas/Gas
Function: Cools the air by absorbing the heat from the air around the evaporator. -
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Page 782 of 828

01-256810-01
3) Description for Each Cycle
(1) Compression
The evaporated refrigerant in the evaporator enters to the compressor. And the refrigerant gas
is compressed until it can be liquefied at ambient temperature.
Thus, the low refrigerant pressure is maintained so that the liquid refrigerant can be evaporated
actively at low temperature (around 0 ℃). -
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(2) Condensation
The high pressure and high temperature gas (refrigerant) from the compressor is cooled down
by the fresh air entered into the condenser. Then, this gas is converted to liquid and collected
in the receiver drier.
The heat generated from the high pressure refrigerant is dissipated to the ambient air, and it is
called "heat of condensation".
The heat of condensation is the summation of the heat of vaporization (heat that the refrigerant
absorbs from the inside of the vehicle) and the calorific value converted from the amount of
work which is needed to compress. -
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(3) Expansion
The liquid refrigerant lowers the pressure making its evaporation easily accomplished.
This process (lowering the pressure to the level at which evaporation easily takes place before
the liquid refrigerant is sent to the evaporator) is called
"Adiabatic Expansion".
During adiabatic expansion, the expansion valve lowers the pressure of the refrigerant and
determines the correct amount of refrigerant going into the air conditioning evaporator.
That is, the amount of heat, which is needed to stop the evaporation, is determined according
to the cooling load.
The expansion valve detects this and regulates the amount of the refrigerant exactly. -
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(4) Evaporator
The refrigerant is converted from liquid to gas in the evaporator.
(The refrigerant in the form of fog in the evaporator is vaporized actively)
At this time the refrigerant, in the form of liquid, absorbs the heat in the air which is need for
evaporation (latent heat) and is cooled down. Then the blower blows the cooled air inside the
vehicle to lower the temperature.
There are liquid refrigerant from the expansion valve and evaporated refrigerant in the
evaporator.
The evaporation temperature can be predicted from the evaporation pressure (i.e. relationship
between saturation pressure and saturation temperature).
It is important to keep the pressure inside the evaporator low, so that the refrigerant is
evaporated at low temperature to make sure the completely evaporated refrigerant is entered
into the compressor. -
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Page 786 of 828

02-4
2. OPERATING RANGE
In the event of the collision, the air bag will be deployed when the G value detected by the G
sensor in the SDM is beyond the impact limit. ▶
Seat Belt Status Air Bag OperationSeat Belt Pretensioner Operation
Fastened Over reference speed Below reference speed
Unfastened Below reference speed Inoperative
Failure, during initial
diagnosisBelow reference speed Below reference speed
No sensor Below reference speed Below reference speed
This is based on frontal collision and reference speed is between approx. 4 and 24 km/h. *
The air bag is deployed in the event of frontal collisions while drving.
But, there are exceptional cases as follows: ▶
Situation Condition
May operate or not
Never operate
Seldom oeprate
Underbody impact from the road surface, impact against the
curb at a very high speed, or dropping impact onto the road
surface with a large angle occurs.
The vehicle rolls over or tips over sideward by severe impact. -
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A collision with oblique impact to the front seat direction or a front
collision to the diagonal direction occurs.
A front/rear collision occurs.
The vehicle rolls over or tips over sideward with minor impact.
The air bag warning lamp is on. -
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-The vehicle is stationary or a front collision occurs with low speed.
A rear collision occurs.
A minor collision occurs. -
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Page 788 of 828

02-6
The windshield or windows can be broken due to impact from driver or passenger air bag
inflation.
When any repairs are needed to the air bag mounting area or its surrounding area, or when an
accident has occurred without the air bag deployment, have the air bag system/seat belt
pretensioner checked for safety.
The air bag is a unit to save an occupant's life from sudden accident and it inflates at a very
fast speed by gas with high temperature, which might cause injury, such as an abrasion, bruise
and burn depending on the accident conditions.
Normal inflation of the air bag could make a loud noise and smoke (non-toxic gas).
A minor collision, which occupants can be protected only by seat belts, will not activate the air
bag system. It is because that air bag inflation at a minor collision could cause more injury
such as an abrasion, bruise and burn.
Check the air bag system even though there is no fault in the air bag system when 10 years
have passed after air bag installation. -
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