2011 FORD KUGA Gas

Solvent-based Adhesives/Sealers - See
Solvents
Follow manufacturers instructions.
Water-based Adhesives/Sealers
Those based on polymer emulsions and rubber
latexes may contain small amounts of volatile toxic
and harmful chemicals. Skin and eye contact
should be avoided and adequate ventilation
provided during use.
Hot Melt Adhesives
In the solid state, they are safe. In the molten state
they may cause burns and health hazards may
arise from the inhalation of toxic fumes.
Use appropriate protective clothing and a
thermostatically controlled heater with a thermal
cut-out and adequate extraction.
Resin-based Adhesives/Sealers, for
example Epoxide and Formaldehyde
Resin-based
Mixing should be carried out in well ventilated
areas, as harmful or toxic volatile chemicals may
be released.
Skin contact with uncured resins and hardeners
can result in irritation, dermatitis, and absorption
of toxic or harmful chemicals through the skin.
Splashes can damage the eyes.
Provide adequate ventilation and avoid skin and
eye contact.
Anaerobic, Cyanoacrylate (super-glues)
and other Acrylic Adhesives
Many are irritant, sensitizing or harmful to the skin
and respiratory tract. Some are eye irritants.
Skin and eye contact should be avoided and the
manufacturers instructions followed.
Cyanoacrylate adhesives (super-glues) MUST NOT
contact the skin or eyes. If skin or eye tissue is
bonded, cover with a clean moist pad and SEEK
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION. Do not
attempt to pull tissue apart. Use in well ventilated
areas as vapors can cause irritation to the nose
and eyes.For two-pack systems see Resin-based and
Isocyanate Adhesives/Sealers.
Isocyanate (Polyurethane)
Adhesives/Sealers
See also
Resin-based Adhesives.
Individuals suffering from asthma or respiratory
allergies should not work with or near these
materials as sensitivity reactions can occur.
Over exposure is irritating to the eyes and
respiratory system. Excessive concentrations may
produce effects on the nervous system including
drowsiness. In extreme cases, loss of
consciousness may result. Long term exposure to
vapor concentrations may result in adverse health
effects.
Prolonged contact with the skin may have a
defatting effect which may lead to skin irritation
and in some cases, dermatitis.
Splashes entering the eye will cause discomfort
and possible damage.
Any spraying should preferably be carried out in
exhaust ventilated booths, removing vapors and
spray droplets from the breathing zone.
Wear appropriate gloves, eye and respiratory
protection.
Antifreeze
See also Fire, Solvents.
For example isopropanol, ethylene glycol,
methanol.
Highly flammable, flammable, combustible.
Used in vehicle coolant systems, brake air pressure
systems, screenwash solutions.
For additional information, refer to: Engine Cooling
System Health and Safety Precautions (100-00
General Information, Description and Operation).
Asbestos
See also Warning Symbols on Vehicles at the end
of this subsection.
Breathing asbestos dust may cause lung damage
or, in some cases, cancer.
Used in brake and clutch linings, transmission
brake bands and gaskets.
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foams should be conducted with extraction
ventilation. See also the vehicle Body Repair
Manual.
Freon
SeeAir Conditioning Refrigerant.
Fuels
See also, Fire, Legal Aspects, Chemicalsand
Solvents.
Avoid skin contact with fuel where possible. Should
contact occur, wash the affected skin with soap
and water.
Gasoline (Petrol)
Highly flammable - observe No Smoking policy.
For additional information, refer to: Petrol and
Petrol-Ethanol Fuel Systems Health and Safety
Precautions (100-00 General Information,
Description and Operation).
Gas-oil (Diesel Fuel)
Kerosene (Paraffin)
Used also as heating fuel, solvent and cleaning
agent.
Flammable - observe No Smoking policy.
Irritation of the mouth and throat may result from
swallowing. The main hazard from swallowing
arises if liquid aspiration into the lungs occurs.
Liquid contact dries the skin and can cause
irritation or dermatitis. Splashes in the eye may be
slightly irritating.
In normal circumstances the low volatility does not
give rise to harmful vapors. Exposure to mists and
vapors from kerosene at elevated temperature
should be avoided (mists may arise in dewaxing).
Avoid skin and eye contact and make sure there
is adequate ventilation.
Gas Cylinders
See also Fire. Gases such as oxygen, acetylene, argon and
propane are normally stored in cylinders at
pressures of up to 138 bar (2000 psi) and great
care should be taken in handling these cylinders
to avoid mechanical damage to them or to the valve
gear attached. The contents of each cylinder
should be clearly identified by appropriate
markings.
Cylinders should be stored in well-ventilated
enclosures, and protected from ice and snow, or
direct sunlight. Fuel gases, for example acetylene
and propane, should not be stored in close
proximity to oxygen cylinders.
Care should be exercised to prevent leaks from
gas cylinders and lines, and to avoid sources of
ignition.
Only trained personnel should undertake work
involving gas cylinders.
Gases
See
Gas Cylinders.
Gaskets (Fluoroelastomer)
SeeViton.
General Workshop Tools and
Equipment
It is essential that all tools and equipment are
maintained in good condition and that the correct
safety equipment is used where required.
Never use tools or equipment for any purpose other
than that for which they were designed. Never
overload equipment such as hoists, jacks, axle and
chassis stands or lifting slings. Damage caused by
overloading is not always immediately apparent
and may result in a fatal failure the next time that
the equipment is used.
Do not use damaged or defective tools or
equipment, particularly high-speed equipment such
as grinding wheels. A damaged grinding wheel can
disintegrate without warning and cause serious
injury.
Wear suitable eye protection when using grinding,
chiseling or sand blasting equipment.
Wear a suitable breathing mask when using
abrasive blasting equipment, working with
asbestos-based materials or using spraying
equipment.
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Pressurized Equipment
See HighPressure Air, Lubrication and Oil Test
Equipment.
Solder
Solders are mixtures of metals such that the
melting point of the mixture is below that of the
constituent metals (normally lead and tin). Solder
application does not normally give rise to toxic lead
fumes, provided a gas/air flame is used.
Oxy-acetylene flames should not be used, as they
are much hotter and will cause lead fumes to be
produced.
Some fumes may be produced by the application
of any flame to surfaces coated with grease, and
inhalation of these should be avoided.
Removal of excess solder should be undertaken
with care, to make sure that fine lead dust is not
produced, which can give toxic effects if inhaled.
Respiratory protection may be necessary.
Solder spillage and filings should be collected and
removed promptly to prevent general air
contamination by lead.
High standards of personal hygiene are necessary
in order to avoid ingestion of lead or inhalation of
solder dust from clothing.
Solvents
See also Chemical Materials, Fuels (Kerosene),
Fire.
For example acetone, white spirit, toluene, xylene,
trichloroethane.
Used in cleaning and dewaxing materials, paints,
plastics, resins and thinners.
Some may be highly flammable or flammable.
Skin contact will degrease the skin and may result
in irritation and dermatitis following repeated or
prolonged contact. Some can be absorbed through
the skin in toxic or harmful quantities.
Splashes in the eye may cause severe irritation
and could lead to loss of vision.
Brief exposure of high concentrations of vapors or
mists will cause eye and throat irritation,
drowsiness, dizziness, headaches and, in the worst
circumstances, unconsciousness.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to excessive but
lower concentrations of vapors or mists, for which there might not be adequate warning indications,
can cause more serious toxic or harmful effects.
Aspiration into the lungs, for example through
vomiting, is the most serious consequence of
swallowing.
Avoid splashes to the skin, eyes and clothing. Wear
protective gloves, goggles and clothing if
necessary.
Make sure there is good ventilation when in use,
avoid breathing fumes, vapors and spray mists and
keep containers tightly sealed. Do not use in
confined spaces.
When spraying materials containing solvents, for
example paints, adhesive, coatings, use extraction
ventilation or personal respiratory protection in the
absence of adequate general ventilation.
Do not apply heat or flame except under specific
and detailed manufacturers instructions.
Sound Insulation
See
Fibre Insulation, Foams.
Suspended Loads
CAUTION: Never improvise lifting tackle.
There is always a danger when loads are lifted or
suspended. Never work under an unsupported,
suspended or raised load, for example a
suspended engine.
Always make sure that lifting equipment such as
jacks, hoists, axle stands and slings are adequate
and suitable for the job, in good condition and
regularly maintained.
Transmission Brake Bands
See Asbestos.
Underseal
SeeCorrosion Protection.
Viton
In common with many other manufacturers
vehicles, some components have O-rings, seals
or gaskets, which contain a material known as
`Viton'.
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Viton is a fluoroelastomer, that is a synthetic rubber
type material, which contains Fluorine. It is
commonly used for O-rings, gaskets and seals of
all types. Although Viton is the most well known
fluoroelastomer, there are others, including Fluorel
and Tecmoflon.
When used under design conditions
fluoroelastomers are perfectly safe. If, however,
they are exposed to temperatures in excess of
400°C, the material will not burn, but will
decompose, and one of the products formed is
hydrofluoric acid.
This acid is extremely corrosive and may be
absorbed directly, through contact, into the general
body system.
O-rings, seals or gaskets which have been exposed
to very high temperatures will appear charred or
as a black sticky substance.
DO NOT; under any circumstances touch them or
the attached components.
Enquiries should be made to determine whether
Viton or any other fluoroelastomer has been used
in the affected O-ring, seal or gasket. If they are of
natural rubber or nitrile there is no hazard. If in
doubt, be cautious, as the material may be Viton
or any fluoroelastomer.
If Viton or any other fluoroelastomers have been
used, the affected area should be decontaminated
before the commencement of work.
Disposable heavy duty plastic gloves should be
worn at all times, and the affected area washed
down using wire wool and a limewater (calcium
hydroxide) solution to neutralize the acid before
disposing of the decomposed Viton residue and
final cleaning of the area. After use, the plastic
gloves should be discarded carefully and safely.
Welding
See alsoFire, Electric Shock, Gas Cylinders.
Welding processes include Resistance Welding
(Spot Welding), Arc Welding and Gas Welding.
Resistance Welding
This process may cause particles of molten metal
to be emitted at a high velocity, and the eyes and
skin must be protected.
Arc Welding
This process emits a high level of ultra-violet
radiation, which may cause arc-eye, and skin burns
to the operator and to other persons nearby.
Gas-shielded welding processes are particularly
hazardous in this respect. Personal protection must
be worn, and screens used to shield other people.
CONTACT LENS WEARERS ARE ADVISED TO
REVERT TO ORDINARY SPECTACLES WHEN
ARC WELDING as the arc spectrum is believed to
emit microwaves which dry out the fluid between
the lens and the eye. This may result in blindness
when the lens is removed from the eye.
Metal spatter will also occur, and appropriate eye
and skin protection is necessary.
The heat of the welding arc will produce fumes and
gases from the metals being welded, the rods and
from any applied coatings or contamination on the
surfaces being worked on. These gases and fumes
may be toxic and inhalation of these should be
avoided. The use of extraction ventilation to remove
the fumes from the working area may be necessary
particularly in cases where the general ventilation
is poor, or where considerable welding work is
anticipated. In extreme cases or confined spaces
where adequate ventilation cannot be provided,
air-fed respirators may be necessary.
Gas Welding (and Cutting)
Oxy-acetylene torches may be used for welding
and cutting, and special care must be taken to
prevent leakage of these gases, with consequent
risk of fire and explosion.
The process will produce metal spatter and eye
and skin protection is necessary.
The flame is bright, and eye protection should be
used, but the ultra-violet emission is much less
than that from arc welding, and lighter filters may
be used.
The process itself produces few toxic fumes, but
such fumes and gases may be produced from
coatings on the work, particularly during cutting
away of damaged body parts, and inhalation of the
fumes should be avoided.
In brazing, toxic fumes may be produced from the
metals in the brazing rod, and a severe hazard
may arise if brazing rods containing cadmium are
used. In this event particular care must be taken
to avoid inhalation of fumes and expert advice may
be required.
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instructions. Failure to follow this
instruction may result in personal injury
or damage to components.
It is of fundamental importance that certain
essential equipment, for example torque wrenches,
multimeters, exhaust gas analyzers or rolling roads,
are regularly calibrated in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
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Standard Workshop Practices
Vehicle in Workshop
When working on a vehicle in the workshop always
make sure that:
– the parking brake is applied or the wheels aresecurely chocked to prevent the vehicle moving
forwards or backwards.
– the key is removed from key operated hood locks before any work is carried out around the
front of the vehicle.
– if the engine is to be run, there is adequate ventilation, or an extraction hose to remove
exhaust fumes.
– there is adequate room to raise the vehicle and remove the wheels, if necessary.
– fender covers are always fitted if any work is to be carried out in the engine compartment.
– the battery is disconnected if working on the engine, underneath the vehicle, or if the vehicle
is raised.
CAUTION: When electric arc welding on a
vehicle, always disconnect the generator
wiring to prevent the possibility of a surge
of current causing damage to the internal
components of the generator.
– if using welding equipment on the vehicle, a suitable fire extinguisher is readily available.
Towing the Vehicle
WARNING: When the vehicle is being
towed, the ignition switch must be in
position II (steering lock released and
warning lamps illuminated). Only then will
the steering, turn signal lamps, horn and
stop lamps be operational. Failure to follow
these instructions may result in personal
injury.
NOTE: The removable towing eye (if equipped),
has a left-hand thread and must be fully tightened
before towing can commence.
When towing is necessary, the vehicle towing eyes
should be used. The rope must be securely
fastened to the towing eyes and must also be
attached to the other vehicle such that the rope will
not foul the bodywork.
When a vehicle with automatic transmission is
towed, the gear selector must be in position N (Neutral). Never tow a vehicle with automatic
transmission at a speed greater than 30 mph (50
km/h) or for a distance greater than 30 miles (50
km). If it is necessary to tow the vehicle a greater
distance, the drive wheels must be lifted clear off
the ground.
Alternatively the vehicle can be transported on a
low loader or a trailer.
Connecting a Slave Battery Using
Jumper Cables
WARNING: If the slave battery has recently
been charged and is gassing, cover the
vent plugs or covers with a damp cloth to
reduce the risk of explosion should arcing
occur when connecting the jumper cables.
Failure to follow these instructions may
result in personal injury.
CAUTIONS:
A discharged battery condition may have
been caused by an electrical short circuit.
If this condition exists there will be an
apparently live circuit on the vehicle even
when all normal circuits are switched off.
This can cause arcing when the jumper
cables are connected.
While it is not recommended that the
vehicle is jump started, it is recognized
that this may occasionally be the only
practical way to mobilize a vehicle. In such
an instance, the discharged battery must
be recharged immediately after jump
starting to avoid permanent damage.
– Always make sure that the jumper cables are adequate for the task. Heavy duty cables must
be used.
– Always make sure that the slave battery is of the same voltage as the vehicle battery. The
batteries must be connected in parallel.
– Always make sure that switched electric circuits are switched off before connecting jumper
cables. This reduces the risk of arcing occurring
when the final connection is made.
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Air Conditioning (A/C) System Health and Safety Precautions
WARNINGS:
Only qualified technicians are allowed to
work on air conditioning (A/C) systems.
Air conditioning (A/C) system components
can become particularly hot or cold.
Make sure that the air conditioning (A/C)
system is at ambient temperature before
carrying out any repair.
When handling refrigerants, always wear
protective goggles and gloves made of
fluoroelastomer. Leather or fabric gloves
are not suitable.
SKIN CONTACT: If liquid refrigerant comes
into contact with the skin, it produces
severe frostbite. Immediately flush affected
areas with plenty of cold running water for
15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
EYE CONTACT: If refrigerant comes into
contact with the eyes, immediately flush
the eyes with plenty of running water for
15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
INHALED: Toxic gases generated when
refrigerant is heated are hazardous to
health. The gases have an irritating smell
and can cause lung damage. The
symptoms can continue for a long time
after having been in contact with the gases.
The gases can cause lung damage even if
the amount of gas in the air is too small to
smell.
Refrigerant is flammable and explosive.
Make sure that refrigerant bottles are not
exposed to temperatures greater than 45°C.
Make sure that the local regulations
regarding work on air conditioning (A/C)
systems are adhered to.
Make sure that refrigerant bottles are
closed properly.
Gaseous refrigerant has a higher density
than air. There is a danger of suffocation
when working close to the ground or in
workshop pits.
Provide adequate ventilation when
handling refrigerant.
Never release refrigerant into the
atmosphere.
Only use special tools, equipment and
lubricants that are approved for the type
of refrigerant being used.
Always follow the manufacturer’s
instructions for the correct servicing unit
operating procedure.
CAUTIONS:
Do not mix refrigerant oils for different
types of refrigerant.
Never mix different types of refrigerant or
equipment intended for them.
Only use refrigerant in gas form when
filling the system through the low-pressure
connection.
Only use refrigerant in liquid form when
filling the system through the
high-pressure connection.
Refrigerant attacks certain plastics. Only
use seals suitable for refrigerant.
If the air conditioning (A/C) compressor is
damaged, the fixed orifice tube can
become blocked with metal particles.
Any sort of blockage in the refrigerant
circuit will damage the air conditioning
(A/C) compressor irreparably.
If the air conditioning (A/C) system has
been opened for a period greater than 2
hours, a new receiver drier must be
installed and the evacuating time to be
increased by a minimum of 2 hours.
NOTE: New air conditioning (A/C) compressors
are delivered prefilled.
NOTE: Refrigerant oil in new air conditioning (A/C)
compressors can contain Teflon, visible as white
particles, which will not harm the system.
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Battery and Battery Charging Health and Safety Precautions
WARNINGS:
Batteries contain sulphuric acid, avoid
contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Wear
safety goggles when working near the
battery to protect against possible
splashing of the acid solution.
EYE CONTACT: If acid comes into contact
with the eyes, flush immediately with
plenty of running water for a minimum of
15 minutes. Seek immediate medical
attention.
SKIN CONTACT: If acid comes into contact
with the skin, flush immediately with plenty
of running water for a minimum of 15
minutes. Seek immediate medical attention.
SWALLOWED: If acid is swallowed, rinse
the mouth with plenty of water and then
drink plenty of water or milk. Do not induce
vomiting. Seek immediate medical
attention.
Batteries normally produce explosive
gases. Do not allow naked flames, sparks
or lighted substances to come near the
battery.
When charging the battery shield your face
and wear safety goggles. Provide adequate
ventilation.
CAUTION: Boost charging with excessive
current or voltage above 16 volts will
damage the battery.
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