Road Wheels and Tyres (04.04)
Suspension (04.00)4-4-6 Workshop Manual May 2007
Ty r e D a m a g e
Vehicle vibrations Tyres and wheels mismatched Install correct tyre and wheel combination.
Inflation pressure too high or too lo w Correct pressure to specification
Uneven tyre wear Refer to Diagnosis and Testing .
Out-of-balance wheel, tyre, wheel hub
or disc assembly Determine the out-of-balance component and
balance or install a new part.
Damaged or distorted wheel from road
impact hazard or incorrect handling Install a new wheel.
Excessive radial runout Install a new wheel or tyre. Check for incorrect wheel and tyre specifications.
Excessive lateral runout Install a new wheel or tyre.
Incorrectly seated tyre Remount the tyre.
Loose wheel mountings - damaged
wheel studs, wheel nuts, worn or
broken wheel hub face or foreign
material on mounting faces Tighten or install new parts. Clean mounting
surfaces.
Defective wheel bearings Install a new bearing set.
Brake disc imbalance
Water in tyres Remove water.
Loose engine or transmission mounts Install new mount nuts / install new mounts.
Incorrect front end alignment Align front end.
Loose or worn driveline or suspension
parts Repair or install new parts.
Excessive driveshaft runout or
imbalance Install a new driveshaft.
Worn or damaged flexible drive joint Install a new driveshaft.
Damaged wheel hub stud
threads Sliding wheel across the wheel studs
during installation. Loose wheel nuts
Install new wheel studs.
Broken wheel studs Loose or over tightened wheel nuts Install new wheel studs.
Corrosion and contamination
streaks from the wheel hub
wheel stud holes Loose wheel nuts Check complete assembly. Install new parts.
Damaged wheel nuts Loose wheel assembly Install new wheel nuts.
Over-tightened wheel nuts Install new wheel nuts.
Frozen wheel nuts Corrosion or galling If corrosion is light, wire brush away corrosion.
If corrosion is excessive install new wheel studs
and wheel nuts.
SymptomPossible Source(s):Action(s)
SymptomDescription
Age Deterioration Cracking and crazing of the tread and side wall rubber, sometimes accompanied by carcass
deformation. An indication that the tyres have been in service for a very long time.
Neglected Cut Damage through accidental cuts or penetrations will extend in use due to continued flexing and /
or ingress of moisture and road matter.
Impact Fracture Resultant damage from impact fractures is not always visible externally and, therefore, as a safety
precaution the tyre should be removed and examined.
Casing fracture caused by severe localized impact through driving over kerbs, hitting potholes
and / or objects in the road.
A double fracture caused by crushing the side wall of the tyre between an object and the rim
flange.
In both instances, such damage can lead to sudd en and dangerous tyre deflation some time after
the impact occurred.
Road Wheels and Tyres (04.04)
Suspension (04.00)4-4-10 Workshop Manual May 2007
Display Unit
The display unit provides additional features when correctly
connected to a previously installed ‘Smartire’ system. The
display unit connects directly to the front of the basic
‘Smartire’ receiver and is powered from the vehicle circuits.
The display will be fully illu minated during use but will go
into ‘Energy Saver’ mode when no activity is detected.
Display Panel
Connection and Normal Operation
1. Remove the front bezel of the Pressure Sensor Receiver. Install the extension lead to the display unit and to the
receiver module. Turn on the ignition.
All icons will illuminate briefly and then extinguish
leaving only the vehicle outline.
2. When tyre pressure data is received, (drive the vehicle
or spin the road wheels), all the road wheel icons will
appear. Press the Tyre icon to access the recorded data
for each of the four road wheels.
3. Press the Mode button to scroll through the pressure, temperature and pressure deviation readings for the
selected tyre. 4. If any tyre pressure sensor is defective, the display will
show three dashes to indicate the absence of data for
that tyre.
5. To return to normal mode, press the SET button.
System Programming
The system may be programmed by the user on three
different levels. Enter Progra mming Mode by pressing the
‘Set’ button:
• 2 seconds to enter level 1
• 5 seconds to enter level 2
• 10 seconds to enter level 3
The following parameters ma y be set in each level:
Level 1 Programming
Cold inflation pressure
1. Press ‘Set’ for 2 seconds to enter level 1 programming .
2. Press ‘Tyre’ to select the front or rear axle. Front or rear
tyres will be highlighted.
3. Press ‘Mode’ to show the current value. Press ‘Tyre’ to increase or ‘Mode’ to decrease the current value.
4. Press ‘Set’ to save the new values.
5. Repeat steps 2 - 4 to set the cold inflation pressure for other the axle.
Programmed wheel position No data
Data received
Alarm light Low pressure warning
Alert indicatorLearn mode MODE button
Set button
Tyre rotation program
Cold pressure program
Programming mode
Towing vehicle indicator
Numerical display
Units of pressure or temperature TYRE button
36-5-038
36-5-039
Level 1
• Cold Pressure
• Tyre Rotation
• Low Pressure Warning
• Pressure Deviation
• High Temperature Alert
•Units Selection
Level 2 •Slope
• Learn Transmitter ID
Level 3 • Low Pressure Alert
PSI
36-5-045
Hand Brake (06.05)
Brake Systems (06.00)6-5-2 Workshop Manual May 2007
Maintenance
RH/LH Handbrake Caliper-Renew
Removal
1. Raise vehicle on ramp.
2. Remove road wheel/s.
3. Ensure handbrake leve r is fully released.
4. Release handbrake adjustment (both sides).
5. Release inner cable eyelet from lever, compress ring clip (special tool) and remove cable (see Fig. 1).
6. Remove brake pad retaining pins and anti-rattle spring.
7. Remove pads and shims from Caliper.
8. Remove Caliper bolts (x2) and Caliper.
Installation
1. Clean pads, pins and spring .
2. Install new Caliper, secu re bolts (x2) and tighten.
3. Apply anti-seize compound to pads, pins and shims.
4. Install pads into Caliper.
5. Install retaining pins and spring to Caliper.
6. Operate lever on Caliper until pads contact disc.
7. Install cable to Caliper. 8. Adjust handbrake cable (see Workshop Manual
procedure 06.05.DC Handbrake Cable Assembly -
Renew).
9. Install road wheel/s.
10. Lower vehicle on ramp.
Handbrake Lever Assembly-Renew
Removal
1. Remove driver's seat (see Workshop Manual procedure 01.10.AB Seat Assembly - Front - LH - Remove for
Access and Refit).
2. Raise vehicle on ramp.
3. Remove road wheel/s.
4. Release handbrake adjustment (both sides).
5. Remove warning light switch Lucar connection.
6. Remove handbrake lever bracket (4 x bolts).
7. Remove clevis pin and clip from lever.
Installation
1. Install cable to lever.
2. Install lever to body (bolts x4) and tighten).
3. Connect warning light switch Lucar connection.
4. Install driver's seat (see Workshop Manual procedure 01.10.AB Seat Assembly - Front - LH - Remove for
Access and Refit).
5. Adjust handbrake cable (see Workshop Manual procedure 06.05.DC Handbrake Cable Assembly -
Renew).
Handbrake Pad Set-Renew
Removal
1. Raise vehicle on ramp.
2. Remove road wheel/s.
3. Ensure handbrake lever is fully released.
4. Release handbrake adjustment (both sides).
5. Remove brake pad retaining pins and anti-rattle spring.
6. Remove pads from Caliper.
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
06-05-002
WAR NI NG
BEFORE MOVING OFF, OPERATE THE HANDBRAKE 2
OR 3 TIMES TO ENSURE THE HANDBRAKE WORKS CORRECTLY. HANDBRAKE CALIPER PISTONS MAY REQUIRE TRAVEL TO CONTACT THE BRAKE PADS
AND DISC.
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
ItemCode
Handbrake Lever Assembly-Renew 06.05.CB
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
ItemCode
Handbrake Pad Set-Renew 06.05.DB
WAR NI NG
ALWAYS USE A VACUUM BRUSH OR AQUEOUS
BRAKE CLEANER TO REMOVE BRAKE DUST. NEVER USE COMPRESSED AIR.
Hand Brake (06.05)
Brake Systems (06.00)
May 2007 Workshop Manual 6-5-3
7. Remove Calipers bolts (x 4) and move Caliper aside.
Installation
1. Clean pins, springs, Caliper slide pins and pistons.
2. Retract pistons into Calipers.
3. Install Calipers and bolts (x2) to knuckles and tighten.
4. Apply anti-seize compound to pads, pins, and slide pins.
5. Install pads into Caliper.
6. Install retaining pins and springs to Caliper.
7. Operate lever on Caliper until pads contact discs.
8. Adjust handbrake cable (see Workshop Manual
procedure 06.05.DC Handbrake Cable Assembly -
Renew).
9. Install road wheel/s.
10. Lower vehicle on ramp.
Handbrake Cable Assembly-Adjust
1. Ensure handbrake is fully released.
2. Raise vehicle on ramp.
3. Check condition of handbrake cable.
4. Release handbrake cable adjustment (both sides).
5. Adjust cable equally at each Caliper to achieve 4 clicks at lever.
6. Check handbrake is not binding.
7. Lower vehicle on ramp.
8. Ensure warning light is off when handbrake lever is released.
9. Ensure for correct operation of handbrake.
Handbrake Cable Assembly-Vehicle Set-
Renew
Removal
1. Remove driver's seat (see Workshop Manual procedure
01.10.AB Seat Assembly - Front - LH - Remove for
Access and Refit).
2. Raise vehicle on ramp. 3. Remove road wheel/s.
4. Remove exhaust rear sile
ncer box (see Workshop
Manual procedure 09.00.KB Silencer and Bypass Valve
Assembly - Renew).
5. Remove rear heat shield bolts (x4) and clips (x2).
6. Release cable adjustments (both sides).
7. Remove handbrake bracket to access clevis pin and clip and disconnect from lever (see Workshop Manual
procedure 06.05.CB Handbrake Lever Assembly -
Renew).
8. Unclip cable in the cabin.
9. Remove screws (x4) from cable clips and unclip grommet from body clip (see Fig. 1).
10. Withdraw cable from body.
11. Release inner cable eyelets from Caliper levers, compress ring clip and remove cable (see Fig. 2).
Always replace handbrake pads in axle sets.
WA R N I N G
BEFORE MOVING OFF, OPERATE THE HANDBRAKE 2 OR 3 TIMES TO ENSURE THE HANDBRAKE WORKS
CORRECTLY. HANDBRAKE CALIPER PISTONS MAY REQUIRE TRAVEL TO CONTACT THE BRAKE PADS AND DISC.
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
WA R N I N G
TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY, I.E. SEVERE BURNS TO
THE SKIN, ALLOW EXHAUST SYSTEM TO COOL DOWN BEFORE REMOVING EXHAUST SYSTEM COMPONENTS.
Caution
Do Not attempt to disconne ct the handbrake cables
from the equaliser unit.
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
06-05-003
06-05-002
Power Brake System (06.07)
Brake System (06.00)6-7-2 Workshop Manual May 2007
Specifications
Maintenance
Brake Booster-RHD-Renew
Removal
1. Remove brake master cylind er (see Workshop Manual
procedure 06.06.EB Brake Master Cylinder Assembly
Renew).
2. Remove oil dipstick.
3. Remove vacuum hose.
4. Disconnect multiplugs (x2).
5. Remove pedal cover.
6. Remove clevis pin and clip.
7. Remove servo securing nuts (x4).
8. Remove servo assembly.
9. Remove brake light switch.
Installation
1. Install brake light switch.
2. Install servo assembly.
3. Install servo retaining nuts (x4) (torque).
4. Install clevis pin and clip.
5. Install pedal cover.
6. Connect multiplugs (x2).
7. Install vacuum hose.
8. Install dipstick. 9. Install brake master cylinder (see Workshop Manual
procedure 06.06.EB Brake Master Cylinder Assembly
Renew).
Brake Booster-LHD-Renew
Removal
1. Move drivers seat fully rearward.
2. Remove clevis pin and clip.
3. Remove booster securing nuts (x4).
4. Remove corner cross brace.
5. Move expansion tank aside for access (bolt x1, nut x1,
hose clips x2, multiplug x1).
6. Remove vacuum hose move aside.
7. Remove bolts (x2) from clutch pipe bracket and move aside.
8. Disconnect clutch reservoir feed pipe.
9. Disconnect multiplugs (x4).
10. Disconnect brake pipes from master cylinder (move aside).
11. Remove booster assembly.
12. Split components.
13. Remove reservoir securing screw (for access to securing nut).
14. Remove master cylinder from booster (nuts x2).
15. Re-fit components.
16. Install master cylinder to booster (nuts x2).
17. Install reservoir securing screw.
Torque Figures
DescriptionNm.lb. / ft.
Brake Booster Mount 21-24 15.5-18
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
ItemCode
Brake Booster-Renew 06.07.AC
WAR NI NG
AVOID SKIN / EYE CONTACT OR INGESTION OF
BRAKE FLUID. IF SKIN OR EYES ARE SPLASHED WITH BRAKE FLUID, RINSE THE AFFECTED AREA
IMMEDIATELY WITH PLENTY OF WATER AND OBTAIN MEDICAL ATTENTION. IF BR AKE FLUID IS INGESTED,
OBTAIN IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.
WAR NI NG
BRAKE FLUID IS HYGROSCOPIC. IF KEPT IN OPENED CONTAINERS IT WILL ABSORB WATER VAPOUR. USE
ONLY BRAKE FLUID FROM FRESHLY OPENED
CONTAINERS WHEN TOPPING-UP THE BRAKE FLUID RESERVOIR.
Caution
Brake fluid must not be allowed to contact the vehicle
paint work. Remove spilt brake fluid from the paint work
by rinsing away with running water.
Caution
Always plug pipe ends to prevent ingress of dirt or
moisture into the system.
Caution
Always plug pipe ends to prevent ingress of dirt or
moisture into the system.
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) (06.09)
Brake system (06.00)
Issue 4, November 2008 Workshop Manual 6-9-1
Brake system (06.00)
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) (06.09)
The anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a four-channel system
having independent inputs from all four-wheel speed
sensors.
The ABS module, monitors signals from the sensors to
calculate, brake slip and the acceleration / deceleration of
individual wheels. When the brake pedal is depressed, and
the ABS module detects incipient wheel lock-up from the
incoming signals, it triggers the re-circulation pump inside
the module’s hydraulic modulator, and the solenoid valves
for the wheel(s) concerned. Brake pressure, is then
modulated to increase / decrease or remain constant at the
wheel(s) concerned until whee l lock-up is eliminated. The
ABS provides self-diagnosis and any malfunction within the
system will be indicated to the dr iver by the illumination of
the brake warning light and ‘ABS FAULT’ displayed in the
message centre right. Should a fault develop within the ABS,
the brake system will operate conventionally and with the
same standard of performanc e as a vehicle not equipped
with ABS.
Dynamic Stability Control
Dynamic Stability Control (DSC ) is a closed-loop system
designed to enhance driving safety by improving vehicle
handling when the tyres are at the limits of their grip
capabilities. This is achieved through instantaneous,
electronically controlled, reduction of engine torque and
strategic application of the brakes at individual wheels.
By using the principle that by controlling the brakes
individually it is possible, to an extent, to steer the vehicle.
This principle can be used to enhance driving safety by
correcting the vehicle’s yaw moment (turning force), when
the vehicle fails to follow th e driver’s steering inputs.
Concept
Satisfactory handling is determined according to whether a
vehicle maintains a path, wh ich accurately reflects the
driver
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) (06.09)
Brake system (06.00)
6-9-2 Workshop Manual Issue 4, November 2008
difference between the ideal and actual response within a
tolerance band. This directly influences the forces on the
tires to generate a corrective yaw moment to reduce the side
forces of the tires where appropriate
System Overview
The DSC system embraces capabilities far beyond that of
ABS, or ABS and traction control combined, while relying on
the components of these systems. It also incorporates these
additional sensors for measur ing the vehicle’s motion and
brake system pressure:
Ya w r a t e s e n s o r - located centrally on the transmission
tunnel.
Lateral acceleration sensor - integrated with the yaw rate
sensor.
Steering angle sensor - located on the upper steering
column.
Pressure transducer - located on master cylinder.
The ABS / DSC module supports data exchange with other
vehicle electronic systems via the CAN network; the module
also enables diagnostic interrogation using WDS.
The following components register driver demand and the
ABS / DSC module processes their signals as a basis for
defining an ideal response:
PCM - position of accelerator pedal.
Brake master cylinder pressure transducer - driver’s
braking effort.
Steering angle sensor - position of steering wheel.
There are many supplementary parameters also included in
the processing calculations these include the coefficient of
friction and vehicle speed. The ABS / DSC module monitors
these factors based on signals transmitted by the sensors for:
• Wheel speed
• Lateral acceleration
• Brake pressure
• Yaw rate
Using these parameters, the function of the ABS / DSC
module is to determine the current vehicle status based on
the yaw-rate signal and the slip as estimated by the ABS /
DSC module. It then maintains the vehicle response within
a tolerance of the ‘normal’ behaviour, which is easily
controlled by the driver.
In order to generate the desired yaw behaviour the ABS /
DSC module controls the selected wheels using the ABS
hydraulic system and engine control system. In the event of
engine intervention, the ABS / DSC module calculates the
torque which should be supplied by the engine to the
wheels, and relays this request signal to the PCM which
implements the torque request.
The PCM receives signals from the DSC system via the CAN
bus and reduces engine torque as follows:
• The throttle is positioned to provide the requested engine target torque. • During the transient phase of torque reduction caused by
mechanical and combustion delays, other alternative
torque reduction methods are used to provide a quicker
response.
• The ignition is retarded and / or the fuel is cut-off at the injectors at selected cylinders.
• Ignition and fuelling are reinstated when the engine torque reaches the requested value
Operation Summary
• DSC is switched ‘ON’ when the engine is started
• When the system is operating , the DSC light in the instrument cluster will flash, at the rate of twice a second
• DSC can be switched ‘OFF / ON’ by pressing the DSC switch
• The DSC light in the instru ment cluster will illuminate
continuously when the system is switched ‘Off’.
• ‘DSC OFF’ will be displayed in the message centre right to indicate the system has been switched ‘OFF’
• A malfunction in the traction control system will be indicated to the driver by the following:
• The DSC light in the instru ment cluster will illuminate
continuously
• The message ‘DSC NOT AVAILABLE’ will be displayed in the message centre right
• If vehicle speed control is engaged it will automatically disengage when traction control is operating .
Traction Control
Traction control is a function of DSC, and is operated in
association with DSC. Traction control prevents excessive
wheel-spin at standing starts, or during acceleration. Wheel-
spin is usually caused by ex cessive use of the accelerator
pedal, or slippery, loose or bumpy road surfaces. To prevent
excessive wheel-spin and mainta in vehicle stability such
situations are overcome by the intervention of the traction
control system by:
• Braking the driven-wheel when it starts to slip
• And / or adapting the engine torque to a level corresponding to the traction available on the road
surface.
Functional Description
Traction control uses the ABS electronic and mechanical /
hydraulic hardware with additional valves to control the
braking pressure at the calipe rs. An engine interface also
enables the engine to respond to torque reduction requests
from the traction control. As with ABS, the signals from the
wheel-speed sensors are supplied to the ABS module, where
they are used to calculate the wheel-slip of the individual
wheels. Traction control intervention is initiated if the slip at
one of the wheels is excessive.
Manual Transmission (07.03)
Transmission (07.00)
Issue 5, January 2010 Workshop Manual 7-3-35
8. Remove reverse light switch from transaxle (see Fig, 3).
9. Remove bolts (x3) from selector cable bracket to transaxle and collect bracket (see Figure 4).
10. Remove nuts (x2) from select or levers (x2) to transaxle
(see Figure 5).
Install
1. Clean reverse light switch, oil cooler pipes, selector levers and selector cable bracket. 2. Install selector levers (x2) and install and torque tighten
nuts (x2).
3. Install selector cable bracket and install and torque tighten bolts (x3).
4. Install and torque tighten reverse light switch.
5. Install oil cooler pipe assembly.
6. Install and torque tighten oil cooler pipe unions and support bracket bolt.
7. Fill transaxle with the specified oil to the correct level.
8. Attach slings to transaxle and connect hoist.
9. With assistance, remove transaxle from workbench and position on lifter.
10. Install transaxle assembly (see Workshop Manual procedure 07.03.AA Transaxle Assembly - Manual -
Remove for Access & Refit).
11. Install road wheel(s).
12. Test drive vehicle.
13. Raise vehicle on ramp and check transaxle oil level.
14. Lower vehicle on ramp.
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
WA R N I N G
THE TRANSAXLE ASSEMBLY IS VERY HEAVY. TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY OR DAMAGE TO THE TRANSAXLE, HANDLING OF THE TRANSAXLE ASSEMBLY IS A TWO
PERSON OPERATION.
WA R N I N G
THE TRANSAXLE ASSEMBLY IS VERY HEAVY. TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY OR DAMAGE TO THE TRANSAXLE,
HANDLING OF THE TRANSAXLE ASSEMBLY IS A TWO PERSON OPERATION.
WA R N I N G
THE TRANSAXLE ASSEMBLY IS VERY HEAVY. TO AVOID
PERSONAL INJURY OR DAMAGE TO THE TRANSAXLE, HANDLING OF THE TRANSAXLE ASSEMBLY IS A TWO PERSON OPERATION.