2010 ASTON MARTIN V8 VANTAGE air condition

Engine Structure (03.01)
Issue 4, November 2008Workshop Manual 3-1-15
2. Lubricate and install intake and exhaust valves (x16).
3. Install valve stem oil seals.
4. Install valve springs and collars.
5. Using valve spring compressor, compress valve spring,
install collets.
6. Release/remove spring compressor.
7. Install selective tappet buckets in their original fitted positions.
8. Lubricate intake and exha ust camshaft bearings and
journals with clean engine oil.
9. Install intake and exhaust camshafts, install bearing caps (x20), install bolts (x40).
10. Torque tighten bearing cap bolts in the correct sequence.
11. Install camshaft sprocket Torx bolts in intake and exhaust camshafts.
12. Rotate intake camshaft cl ockwise, check and log each
valve clearance using feeler gauges.
13. Calculate the correct tappet bucket grade.
14. Remove bearing cap bolts (x40), remove bearing caps
(x20), remove intake and exhaust camshafts.
15. Remove tappet buckets, install selected tappet buckets.
16. Install intake and exhaust camshafts, install bearing caps (x20), install bolts (x40).
17. Torque tighten bearing cap bolts in the correct sequence.
18. Rotate intake and exhaus t camshafts clockwise, re-
check each valve clearance using feeler gauges.
19. Remove camshaft sprocket Torx bolts (x4).
20. Remove bearing cap bolts (x40), remove bearing caps
(x20), remove intake and exhaust camshafts.
21. Clean EGR tubes.
22. Install new gaskets, install EGR tubes to cylinder heads, install and torque tighten Torx screws (x4).
23. Clean Knock sensors (x4).
24. Install knock sensors (x4) to cylinder head, install and torque tighten bolts (x4).
25. Clean camshaft timing sensors.
26. Install camshaft timing sensor, install and torque tighten bolt.
27. Install spark plugs.
28. Install cylinder head gaskets - engine set (see Workshop Manual procedure 03.10.AL Gasket - Cylinder Head -
Engine Set - Renew).
Valve Set (Engine Set) - Renew (including
de-coke)
Removal
1. Remove cylinder head gaskets - engine set (see Workshop Manual procedure 03.10.AL Gasket -
Cylinder Head - Engine Set - Renew).
2. Remove spark plugs (x8).
3. Remove selective tappet buckets, keep in their fitted order.
4. Position valve spring compressor, compress valve spring.
5. Remove collets, release/remove spring compressor, collect collar and valve spring.
6. Remove valves from cylinder.
7. Remove valve stem oil seals.
8. Keep valves and springs in their fitted order.
9. Inspect cylinder head face for warpage, across centre and from corner to corner.
10. Check condition and measure free length of valve springs.
11. Decarbonise combustion chambers and exhaust ports.
12. Use new valves and check valve guide clearances.
Installation
1. Clean cylinder head face and inlet/exhaust manifold faces. Use and air line to completely dry cylinder head
surfaces.
2. Lubricate and install intake and exhaust valves (x32).
3. Install valve stem oil seals.
4. Install valve springs and collars.
5. Using valve spring compressor, compress valve spring, install collets.
6. Release/remove spring compressor.
7. Install selective tappet buckets in their original fitted positions.
8. Lubricate intake and exhaust camshaft bearings and journals with clean engine oil.
9. Install intake and exhaust camshafts, install bearing caps (x20), install bolts (x40).
10. Torque tighten bearing cap bolts in the correct sequence.
11. Install camshaft sprocket Torx bolts in intake and exhaust camshafts.
12. Rotate intake camshaft clockwise, check and log each valve clearance using feeler gauges.
13. Calculate the correct tappet bucket grade.
14. Remove bearing cap bolts (x40), remove bearing caps (x20), remove intake and exhaust camshafts.
15. Remove tappet buckets, install selected tappet buckets.
16. Install intake and exhaust camshafts, install bearing caps (x20), install bolts (x40).
17. Torque tighten bearing cap bolts in the correct sequence.
18. Rotate intake and exhaust camshafts clockwise, re- check each valve clearance using feeler gauges.
19. Remove camshaft sprock et Torx bolts (x4).
Repair Operation Time (ROT)

Engine Structure (03.01)
3-1-16Workshop ManualIssue 4, November 2008
20. Remove bearing cap bolts (x40), remove bearing caps
(x20), remove intake and exhaust camshafts.
21. Install spark plugs.
22. Install cylinder head gaskets - engine set (see Workshop Manual procedure 03.10.AL Gasket - Cylinder Head -
Engine Set - Renew).
Inlet Valve (Set) - Renew
Removal
1. Remove cylinder head gaskets - engine set (see Workshop Manual procedure 03.10.AL Gasket -
Cylinder Head - Engine Set - Renew).
2. Remove spark plugs from cylinder head.
3. Remove intake selective tappet buckets from cylinder heads, keep in their fitted order.
4. Position valve spring compressor, compress valve springs (see Figure 1).
Figure 1
5. Remove collets (x2), releas e/remove spring compressor,
collect collar and valve spring.
6. Remove intake valves from cylinder heads.
7. Remove valve stem oil seas.
8. Keep intake valves and springs in their fitted order.
9. Inspect condition and measure free length of valve springs.
10. Use new valves and check valve guide clearance.
Installation
1. Clean cylinder head face and inlet/exhaust manifold faces. Use and air line to completely dry cylinder head
surfaces.
2. Lubricate and install intake valves (x16).
3. Install valve stem oil seals.
4. Install valve springs and collars. 5. Using valve spring compressor, compress valve spring,
install collets.
6. Release/remove spring compressor.
7. Install intake selective tappet buckets in their original fitted positions.
8. Lubricate intake camshaft bearings and journals with clean engine oil.
9. Install intake camshafts, inst all bearing caps (x10), install
bolts (x20).
10. Torque tighten bearing cap bolts (x20) in the correct sequence.
11. Install camshaft sprocket Torx bolts in each intake
camshaft.
12. Rotate each intake camshaft clockwise, check and log each valve clearance using feeler gauges.
13. Calculate the correct tappet bucket grade.
14. Remove bearing cap bolts (x20), remove bearing caps (x10), remove both intake camshafts.
15. Remove tappet buckets, install selected tappet buckets.
16. Install both intake camshaf ts, install bearing caps (x10),
install bolts (x20).
17. Torque tighten bearing cap bolts in the correct sequence.
18. Rotate intake camshafts clockwise, re-check each valve clearance using feeler gauges.
19. Remove intake camshaft sp rocket Torx bolts (x2).
20. Remove bearing cap bolts (x20), remove bearing caps (x10), remove both intake camshafts.
21. Install spark plugs.
22. Install cylinder head gaskets - engine set (see Workshop Manual procedure 03.10.AL Gasket - Cylinder Head -
Engine Set - Renew).
Exhaust Valve (Set) - Renew
Removal
1. Remove cylinder head gaskets - engine set (see Workshop Manual procedure 03.10.AL Gasket -
Cylinder Head - Engine Set - Renew).
2. Remove spark plugs from cylinder head.
3. Remove exhaust selective tappet buckets from cylinder heads, keep in their fitted order.
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
A0301310
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
ItemCode
Exhaust Valve (Set)-Renew LHD03.01.HC
Exhaust Valve (Set)-Renew RHD03.01.JC

Engine Structure (03.01)
Issue 4, November 2008Workshop Manual 3-1-17
4. Position valve spring compressor, compress valve springs
(see Figure 1).
Figure 1
5. Remove collets (x2), release/remove spring compressor, collect collar and valve spring.
6. Remove exhaust valves from cylinder heads.
7. Remove valve stem oil seas.
8. Keep exhaust valves and springs in their fitted order.
9. Inspect condition and measure free length of valve springs.
10. Use new valves and check valve guide clearance.
Installation
1. Clean cylinder head face and inlet/exhaust manifold faces. Use and air line to completely dry cylinder head
surfaces.
2. Lubricate and install exhaust valves (x16).
3. Install valve stem oil seals.
4. Install valve springs and collars.
5. Using valve spring compressor, compress valve spring, install collets.
6. Release/remove spring compressor.
7. Install exhaust selective tappet buckets in their original fitted positions.
8. Lubricate exhaust camshaft be arings and journals with
clean engine oil.
9. Install exhaust camshafts, install bearing caps (x10), install bolts (x20).
10. Torque tighten bearing cap bolts (x20) in the correct
sequence.
11. Install camshaft sprocket Torx bolts in each exhaust camshaft.
12. Rotate each exhaust camshaf t clockwise, check and log
each valve clearance using feeler gauges.
13. Calculate the correct tappet bucket grade.
14. Remove bearing cap bolts (x20), remove bearing caps
(x10), remove both exhaust camshafts.
15. Remove tappet buckets, install selected tappet buckets. 16. Install both exhaust camshaft
s, install bearing caps (x10),
install bolts (x20).
17. Torque tighten bearing cap bolts in the correct sequence.
18. Rotate exhaust camshafts clockwise, re-check each valve clearance using feeler gauges.
19. Remove exhaust camshaft sprocket Torx bolts (x2).
20. Remove bearing cap bolts (x20), remove bearing caps (x10), remove both exhaust camshafts.
21. Install spark plugs.
22. Install cylinder head gaskets - engine set (see Workshop Manual procedure 03.10.AL Gasket - Cylinder Head -
Engine Set - Renew).
Spring (Valve Set) - Renew
Removal
1. Remove cylinder head gaskets - engine set (see Workshop Manual procedure 03.10.AL Gasket -
Cylinder Head - Engine Set - Renew).
2. Remove spark plugs from cylinder heads (x8).
3. Remove selective tappet buckets, keep in their fitted order.
4. Position valve spring compressor, compress valve springs (see Figure 1).
Figure 1
5. Remove collets, release/remove spring compressor, collect collars and valve springs.
6. Inspect cylinder head face for warpage, across centre and from corner to corner.
Installation
1. Clean cylinder head face and inlet/exhaust manifold faces. Use and air line to completely dry cylinder head
surfaces.
2. Install valve springs and collars.
A0301310
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
A0301310

Cooling System (03.03)
Engine (03.00)3-3-6 Workshop Manual Issue 5, Janauary 2010
9. Install grill (refer to Workshop Manual procedure 01.08.AA Grille - Radiator - Renew).
10. Install cooling fan pack (refer to Workshop Manual procedure 03.03.EB Fan and Motor Assembly Radiator -
Renew).
11. Raise vehicle
12. Install bottom radiator cros smember (bolts x4) (torque).
13. Install PAS pipe bracket to cross member (bolt x1).
14. Refill coolant (refer to Workshop Manual procedure 03.03.AD Coolant - Drain and Refill).
Air Conditioning Condenser - Renew
Removal
1. Recover refrigerant gas fr om A/C system (refer to
Workshop Manual procedure 12.03.FA Refrigerant Gas
- Recover/Recharge - Renew).
2. Remove grille (refer to Workshop Manual procedure 01.08.AA Grille - Radiator - Renew).
3. Remove slam panel (screws x12).
4. Remove bolts (x4), that attach the PAS fluid cooler to bonnet latch cross member. Tie fluid cooler aside.
5. Remove bolts (x6), and spacers (x2) that attach the bonnet latch cross member to body and position aside.
6. Remove bolts (x2), that attach the condenser pipe connections. Plug pipes and block connections.
7. Remove and discard O-rings (x2) from pipe connections.
8. Remove bolts (x2), that attach the condenser to radiator, remove condenser.
Installation
1. Install condenser to radiator, install and torque tighten bolts (x2).
2. Clean pipe connections, remove plugs.
3. Install new O-rings to pipe connections. Connect pipes
to condenser. Install and torque tighten bolts (x2).
4. Install bonnet latch cross member, install spacers and bolts (torque).
5. Position PAS fluid cooler to cross member, install and torque tighten bolts (x4).
6. Install slam panel.
7. Install grille (refer to Workshop Manual procedure 01.08.AA Grille - Radiator - Renew). 8. Refrigerant gas re-charge A/C system (refer to Workshop
Manual procedure 12.03.FA Refrigerant Gas - Recover/
Recharge - Renew).
Radiator Fan Modulator - Remove and
Install
Removal
1. Remove the radiator fan and motor assembly. (0303DB - Radiator Fan and Motor Assembly).
2. Disconnect the two electrical connectors from the radiator fan modulator.
3. Release the five fir tree cl ips that attach the wiring
harness for the radiator fan modulator to the fan cowl.
4. Release the two electrical connectors for the radiator fan modulator from the mount.
5. Remove the screw that attaches the radiator fan modulator to the fan cowl.
6. Remove the radiator fan modulator.
Install
1. Install the radiator fan modulator.
2. Install and tighten the screw that attaches the radiator fan modulator to the fan cowl.
3. Attach the two electrical connectors for the radiator fan modulator to the mount.
4. Install the five fir tree clips that attach the wiring harness for the radiator fan modulator to the fan cowl.
5. Connect the two electrical connectors to the radiator fan modulator.
6. Install the radiator fan and motor assembly. (03.03.DB - Radiator Fan and Motor Assembly).
Expansion Tank Assembly - Renew
Remove
1. Using a syringe, remove coolant from expansion tank.
2. Remove bolts (x4), remove LH corner cross brace.
3. Release clips, disconnect coolant hoses (x3) from expansion tank.
4. Remove upper bolt and side nut that attaches the expansion tank.
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
ItemCode
Radiator Fan Modulator - Remove and
Install 03.03.EC
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
ItemCode
Expansion Tank Assembly - Renew 03.03.FB
WAR NI NG
DO NOT REMOVE THE PRESSURE CAP WHEN THE
COOLANT IS HOT. ALLOW TIME FOR THE COOLANT /
ENGINE TO COOL. TAKE PARTICULAR CARE TO AVOID BURNS FROM THE COOLING SYSTEM.

Engine Sealing (03.10)
Engine (03.00)3-10-2 Workshop Manual Issue 5, Janauary 2010
21. Remove the M10 bolt that attaches the auxiliary drive belt tensioner and remove tensioner (Refer to Figure 3).
Figure 3
22. Remove the two bolts that attach the inspection cover to lower crankcase and remove the cover.
23. Install the tool (303-1185) to hold the flywheel. Install and tighten the two bolts.
24. Remove and discard the M16 screw that attaches the crankshaft pulley.
25. Install the thrust-button of tool (303 -1186) into crankshaft.
26. Put the tool into the pulley.
27. Attach the tool with the two bolts.
28. Turn the centre bolt clockwise to withdraw the pulley from the crankshaft.
29. Collect the crankshaft pulley, locking ring and the thrust button for the special tool.
30. Remove the special tool from the pulley.
31. Remove and discard the O-ring seal from the pulley.
32. Remove the bolt that attaches the alternator idler pulley and remove the pulley.
33. Remove the bolt that attaches the idler pulley for the air- conditioning compressor and remove the pulley.
34. Put an applicable container under the oil filter to collect drained oil.
35. Remove the oil filter.
36. Release the oil separator drain tube from the timing cover.
37. Release the clip for the oil separator drain tube from the bracket.
38. Release the cover for the battery cable from the alternator. 39. Remove the nut that attaches the battery cable to the
alternator and remove the cable. (Refer to Figure 4).
Figure 4
40. Disconnect the electrical connector from the alternator.
41. Remove the M8 bolt that attaches the top of the alternator.
42. Remove the M10 bolt and the nut that attaches the bottom of the alternator and remove the alternator.
43. Remove the three Torx bolts that attach the alternator mounting bracket to the cylinder block.
44. Remove the bracket (Refer to Figure 5).
Figure 5
45. Remove the three M8 bolts that attach the PAS pump to the mounting bracket and move the pump away.
WAR NI NG
DO NOT GET USED ENGINE OIL ON YOUR SKIN.
USED ENGINE OIL CAN BE HARMFUL.
A030553A030582
A0310242

Engine Sealing (03.10)
Engine (03.00)
Issue 5, Janauary 2010 Workshop Manual 3-10-3
46. Remove the four M8 Torx bolts that attach the PAS pump mounting bracket to the cylinder block and
remove the bracket (refer to Figure 6).
Figure 6
47. Remove the 27 M6 bolts that attach the timing cover to the engine.
48. Collect the bracket for the oil separator drain tube.
49. Remove the timing cover.
50. Remove the outer and inner rubber seals from timing cover (Refer to Figure 7).
Figure 7
51. Remove the front crankshaft oil seal from the timing
cover.
Install
1. Examine the condition of the seal in the John Guest cartridge connector for the oil return pipe. If there are
signs that the connector has leaked, install a new John
Guest cartridge kit (Refer to ’John Guest Cartridge in the
Engine Timing Cover - Repair’, page 3-10-14).
2. Clean the timing cover and the mating face on the engine. 3. Install the inner and outer seals to the timing cover.
4. Apply 3mm x 12mm beads of sealant to the eight joints
on the engine.
5. Install the timing cover. Put the oil separator drain tube bracket in position and install the 27 M6 bolts..
6. Torque the 27 bolts in the sequence shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8
7. Use tool (303-750) to install the front crankshaft oil seal.
8. Remove the special tool and the seal protector.
9. Use an M16 x 2 plug tap to clean the thread in the crankshaft.
10. Clean the crankshaft pulley and mating face on the crankshaft.
11. Lubricate and install a new O-ring seal in the crankshaft pulley.
12. Examine the crankshaft pulley and the taper collet for damage. Replace all damaged parts.
13. Install the crankshaft pulley, taper collet and a new pulley bolt.
14. Torque tighten the crankshaft pulley bolt.
15. Remove the special tool (303-1185) from the crankcase.
16. Install the inspection cover to the lower crankcase, install and tighten the two attachment bolts.
17. Install the PAS pump mounting bracket. install and torque tighten the four M8 Torx bolts.
18. Install the PAS pump. Install and torque the three M8 bolts.
19. Install the alternator mounting bracket. Install and torque tighten the three M8 Torx bolts.
WA R N I N G
DO NOT GET USED ENGINE OIL ON YOUR SKIN.
USED ENGINE OIL CAN BE HARMFUL.
Caution
Make sure the cranks haft front oil seal mating faces are
clean and dry.
A0310243
A0310245
Caution
Do not remove the crankshaft front oil seal protector
until the oil seal is correctly installed.
Caution
Clean the thread in the cran kshaft before you install a
new crankshaft pulley bolt. If you do not you can not apply the correct torque to the bolt.

Engine Sealing (03.10)
Engine (03.00)3-10-4 Workshop Manual Issue 5, Janauary 2010
20. Put the alternator in position.
21. Install the M8 bolt that attaches the top of the alternator.
22. Install the M10 nut and bolt that attaches the bottom of the alternator.
23. Torque tighten the alternator attachment bolts.
24. Connect the battery cable to the alternator.
25. Install and torque the nut that attaches the battery cable.
26. Install the cover for the cable connection.
27. Connect the electrical connector to the alternator.
28. Apply new engine oil to the seal on a new oil filter.
29. Install the new oil filter.
30. Install the drain tube for the oil separator into the clip in the bracket.
31. Install the drain tube for the oil separator into timing cover.
32. Install the idler pulley for the air conditioning compressor.
33. Install and torque the M10 bolt that attaches the idler pulley.
34. Install the alternator idler pulley.
35. Install and torque the M10 bolt that attaches the idler pulley.
36. Install the auxiliary drive belt tensioner.
37. Install and torque the M10 bolt that attaches the tensioner.
38. Put the water pump pulley in position.
39. Install the three M6 bolts that attach the water pump pulley.
40. Turn the auxiliary drive be lt tensioner until you can
install the drive belt.
41. Torque tighten the three M6 water pump pulley bolts.
42. Clean the coolant manifold and the mating faces on the cylinder heads.
43. Install two new O-ring seals into the coolant manifold.
44. Put the coolant manifold in position.
45. Connect the electrical connector for the temperature sensor.
46. Install the coolant pipe in the manifold.
47. Install and torque tighten the four M6 Torx bolts that attach the coolant manifold to the cylinder heads.
48. Connect the three coolant hoses to the coolant manifold and install the hose clips.
49. Connect the engine breather to the oil separator.
50. Clean the left and right cam covers.
51. Install the inner and outer seals on the left cam cover.
52. Install the left cam cover (Refer to ’Left Side Cam Cover - Remove and Install’, page 3-10-4).
53. Install the inner and outer seals on the right cam cover.
54. Install the right cam cover (Refer to ’Right Side Cam Cover - Remove and Install’, page 3-10-9).
55. Install the front subframe (refer to Workshop Manual procedure 02.01.BA Subframe Assembly - Front -
Remove for Access and Refit). 56. Install the oil tank assembly
(refer to Workshop Manual
procedure 03.02.CA Tank Assembly - Oil Cooler -
Renew).
57. Fill the cooling system (refer to Workshop Manual procedure 03.03.AD Coolant - Drain and Refill).
Left Side Cam Cover - Remove and
Install
Removal
1. Disconnect the battery earth cable.
2. Remove the front crush brace. (Refer to procedure 01.01.LC - Front Crush Brace).
3. Remove the left side front crush bar for the body reinforcement. (Refer to procedure 01.01.AC - Left Side
Front Crush Bar for the Body Reinforcement).
4. Disconnect the breather pi pes from the cam cover and
the oil tank Y-piece.
5. Use applicable caps to seal the open ports.
6. Remove the ignition coil cover.
7. Disconnect the electrical connector from each of the four ignition coils.
8. Disconnect the electrical connector from the Variable
Valve Timing (VVT) solenoid.
9. Release the fir tree clip that attaches the wiring harness for the ignition coils.
10. Move the wiring harness for the ignition coils away.
11. Release the wiring harness for the injectors from the mounts.
12. Cut and remove the three cable ties that attach the rear of the wiring harness for the injectors.
13. Release the purge pipe an d heater pipe from the two
clips on the wiring harness bracket.
14. Remove the two nuts and three screws that attach the front bracket for the wiring harness.
15. Remove the three screws that attach the rear bracket for the wiring harness.
16. Cut and remove the four cable ties that attach the rear
of the wiring harness to the front bracket.
17. Remove the rear bracket for the wiring harness.
18. Remove the front bracket for the wiring harness.
19. Remove the screw that attaches each of the four ignition coils.
20. Remove the four ignition coils.
21. Remove the 14 screws that attach the cam cover to the
engine.
Repair Operation Time (ROT)
ItemCode
Left Side Cam Cover - Remove and
Install 03.10.AS
Note: When you remo ve the cam cover attachment bolts in
the step that follows , record their installed positions in the
cam cover.

Road Wheels and Tyres (04.04)
Suspension (04.00)
May 2007 Workshop Manual 4-4-5
Road Test
A tyre vibration diagnostic proc edure always begins with a road test. The road test and customer interview (if available)
will provide much of the information neede d to find the source of a vibration.
During the road test, drive the vehicle on a road that is smoot h and free of undulations. If vibration is apparent, note and
record the following:
• The speed at which the vibration occurs
• What type of vibration occurs in each speed range
• How the vibration is affected by changes in the following types of vibration-sensitivity:
Torque Sensitive - This means that the condition may be improved or made worse by accelerating, decelerating, coasting,
maintaining a steady vehicle speed or applying engine torque.
Vehicle Speed Sensitive - This means that the vibration always occurs at the same vehicle speed and is not affected by
engine torque, engine speed or the transmission gear selected.
Engine Speed Sensitive - This means that the vibration occurs at varyin g vehicle speeds when a different transmission
gear is selected. It may sometimes be isolated by increasing or decreasing engine speed with the transmission in NEUTRAL
or by stall testing with the transmission in gear. If the condition is engine speed sensitive, the cause is probably not relate d
to the tyres.
If the road test indicates that there is tyre whine, but no sh ake or vibration, the noise originates with the contact between
the tyre and the road surface.
A thumping noise usually means that the tyre has a flat or soft spot making a noise as they slap the roadway. Tyre whine
may be distinguished from axle noise. Tyre whine remains the same over a range of speeds.
Symptoms
SymptomPossible Source(s):Action(s)
Tyres show excess wear on
edge of treads Tyres under-inflated Correct pressure to specification.
Vehicle overloaded Correct as required.
Tyres show excess wear on
edge of treads (having the
correct tyre pressures) Incorrect toe setting Set to specification.
Tyres show excess wear in
center of tread Tyres over-inflated Correct pressure to specification.
Other excessive tyre wear
problems Incorrect tyre pressure Correct pressure to specification.
Incorrect tyre and wheel usage Install correct tyre and wheel combination.
Geometry out of alignm
ent Check and adjust.
Loose, worn or damaged suspension
components Inspect, repair or install new suspension
components as necessary.
Wheel and tyre assembly out of
balance Balance wheel and tyre assembly.
Excessive lateral or radial runout of
wheel or tyre Check, repair or install a new wheel or tyre as
necessary.
Wheel mounting is difficult Incorrect application or mismatched
parts, including wheel studs and wheel
nuts. Corroded, worn or damaged parts Clean or install new parts.
Wobble or shimmy affecting
wheel runout Damaged wheel (eventually damaging
wheel bearings and causing uneven
tyre wear) Inspect wheel rims for damage and runout.
Install a new wheel rim as necessary.
Excessive vibration, rough
steering or severe tyre wear Loose or incorrect attaching parts Tighten or install new parts.