2007 ISUZU KB P190 Caste

3A-2 FRONT ALIGNMENT

Front End Alignment Inspection and
Adjustment
General Description
“Front End Alignment” refers to the angular relationship
between the front wheels, the front suspension attaching parts
and the ground.
Proper front end alignment must be maintained in order to
insure efficient steering, good directional stability and to
prevent abnormal tire wear.
The most important factors of front end alignment are wheel
toe-in, wheel camber and axle caster.





Camber:
This illustration shows a view from the front of the vehicle.
Camber is the vertical tilting inward or outward of the front
wheels. W hen the wheels tilt outward at the top, the camber is
positive (+). W hen the wheels tilt inward at the top, the camber
is negative (-). The amount of tilt measured in degrees from
the vertical is called the camber angle (1). If camber is extreme
or unequal between the wheels, improper steering and
excessive tire wear will result. Negative camber causes wear
on the inside of the tire, while positive camber causes wear to
the outside.



Caster:
This illustration shows a view from the side of the vehicle.
Caster (1) is the vertical tilting of the wheel axis either
forward or backward (when viewed from the side of the
vehicle). A backward tilt is positive (+) and a forward tilt is
negative (-). On the short and long arm type suspension
you cannot see a caster angle without a special instrument, but
if you look straight down from the top of the upper control arm
to the ground, the ball joints do not line up (fore and aft) when
a caster angle other than 0 degrees is present. W ith a positive
angle, the lower ball joint would be slightly ahead (toward the
front of the vehicle) of the upper ball joint center line.



Toe-in:
This illustration shows a view from the top of the vehicle.
Toe-in is the measured amount the front wheels are turned in.
The actual amount of toe-in is normally a fraction of a degree.
Toe-in is measured from the center of the tire treads or from
the inside of the tires. The purpose of toe-in is to insure parallel
rolling of the front wheels and to offset any small deflections of
the wheel support system which occurs when the vehicle is
rolling forward. Incorrect toe-in results in excessive toe-in and
unstable steering. Toe-in is the last alignment to be set in
the front end alignment procedure.

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

FRONT ALIGNMENT 3A-3

Inspection
Before making any adjustments affecting caster, camber or
toe-in, the following front end inspection should be made.
1. Inspect the tires for proper inflation pressure. Refer to
Main Data and Specifications in W heel and Tire System section.
2. Make sure that the vehicle is in an unladen condition (W ith no passengers or loading).
3. Make sure that the spare tire is installed at the normal position.
4. Inspect the front wheel bearings for proper adjustment. Refer to Front Hub and Disc Overhaul in Suspension
section.
5. Inspect the ball joints and tie rod ends. If excessive looseness is noted, correct before adjusting. Refer to
Steering Linkage in this section.
6. Inspect the wheel and tires for run-out. Refer to W heel Replacement in W heel and Tire System section.
7. Inspect the trim height. If not within specifications, the correction must be made before adjusting caster.
8. Inspect the steering unit for looseness at the frame.
9. Inspect shock absorbers for leaks or any noticeable noise. Refer to Shock Absorber in Suspension section.
10. Inspect the control arms or stabilizer bar attachment fo
r
looseness. Refer to Suspension section.
11. Inspect the front end alignment using alignment equipment. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
12. Park the vehicle on a level surface.


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ISUZU KB P190 2007

3A-4 FRONT ALIGNMENT
Alignment for 4×
××
×
2 (except High Ride Suspension)
Caster and camber adjustment
The lower links of the 4 X2 vehicle front suspension have an adjusting cam at either end (front and rear). This
permits simultaneous adjustment of camber and caster angle.



Front
Front
RTW 340LF000301

Legend
1. Lower link ASM RH
2. Adjusting cam RR
3. Adjusting cam FRT
4. -direction The lower link ASM moves toward the inside
5. +direction The lower link ASM moves toward the outside
6. Lower link ASM LH
7. Adjusting cam RR
8. Adjusting cam FRT
9. -direction The lower link ASM moves toward the inside
10. +direction The lower link ASM moves toward the outside

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

3A-6 FRONT ALIGNMENT
Example
Measured value
Camber angle 1 °10' Caster angle 3 °10'
Standard value
Camber angle 0 °±30' Caster angle 3 °35' ±45'




RTW 340SH001001
1. Mark an ‘A’ at the intersection point of the measured
camber angle value (solid line) and the measured caster
angle value (dotted line).







RTW 340SH001101
2. Mark a ‘B’ at the intersection point of the standard camber
angle value (solid line) and the standard caster angle value
(dotted line).







RTW 340SH001201
3. The vertical distance between points ‘A’ and ‘B’ represents
the adjustment required at the front cam. The horizontal
distance between points ‘A’ and ‘B’ represents the
adjustment required at the rear cam.
In this example, the front cam would be moved 5
increments to the positive and the rear cam would be
moved 8 increments to the positive.

CAUTION:
Maximum possible adjustment from the center point of the
cams is 9 increments to either side.


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ISUZU KB P190 2007

FRONT ALIGNMENT 3A-7

CASTER
3
°35' ±45'
Note:
Left and right side to be equal within 30'

CAMBER
0 °± 30'
Note:
Left and right side to be equal within 30'

KING PIN INCLINATION 12°30' ±30'


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ISUZU KB P190 2007

3A-10 FRONT ALIGNMENT
Alignment for 4×
××
×
2 (High Ride Suspension) and 4 ×
××
×
4
Caster and camber adjustment
The camber angle and caster angle can be adjusted by means of the camber shims and caster shims installed in
position between the chassis frame and fulcrum pins.
RTW 340LF001901

Legend
1. Camber shim
2. Caster shim
3. Upper link ASM LH
4. Lower link ASM LH
5. Adjusting cam



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ISUZU KB P190 2007

FRONT ALIGNMENT 3A-11
Adjustment Method
addition / subtraction of shim front side rear side move direction
of upper b/j caster angle
alteration camber angle alteration
addition subtraction a decrease decrease (toward
negative direction)
subtraction addition b increase increase (toward positive
direction)
no change subtraction c decrease no alteration
caster
adjustment
no change addition d increase no alteration
addition e no alteration decrease (toward
negative direction) camber
adjustment subtraction f no alteration increase (toward positive
direction)





Notes:
1. Adjusting cam is at initial position (the hole & projection are upward as shown in a illustration) before a shim
adjustment.
2. Difference of caster shim front/rear thickness should be 3.6mm(0.142in) or less.
Overall thickness of caster shim and camber shim
should be 10.8mm(0.426in) or less.
3. Make a combination in a such a way that the number of shims is at a minimum.





Fulcrum Pin Bolt Torque N⋅m (kgf ⋅m/lb ⋅ft)
152.0 ±15 (15.5 ±1.5 / 112.1 ±10.8)





CASTER
3 °10’ ±45’
Note:
Left and right side to be equal within 30’.





CAMBER
0 °± 30’
Note:
Left and right side to be equal within 30’.

KING PIN INCLINATION
12 °30’ ±30’



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ISUZU KB P190 2007

3C-40 FRONT SUSPENSION
Upper Control Arm
Upper Control Arm and Associated Parts



RTW 440LF001301
Legend
(1) Bolt and Plate
(2) Camber Shims
(3) Caster Shims
(4) Nut Assembly
(5) Upper Control Arm Assembly
(6) Fulcrum Pin


(7) Bushing
(8) Plate
(9) Upper Control Arm Nut
(10) Speed Sensor harness
(11) Nut and Cotter Pin
(12) Upper Ball Joint, Bolt and Nut


Removal
1. Raise the vehicle and support the frame with suitable safety stands.
2. Remove wheel and tire assembly. Refer to W heel
in this section.
3. Remove the brake caliper and disconnect brake pipe. Refer to Disc Brakes in Brake section.

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ISUZU KB P190 2007