Page 2 of 280
Seating and Safety Restraints 68
Seating 68
Safety restraints 74
Child restraints 83
Driving 91
Starting 91
Brakes 99
Air suspension 119
Transmission operation 121
Vehicle loading 134
Roadside Emergencies 140
Hazard flasher switch 141
Fuses and relays 141
Jump starting 148
Wrecker towing 152
Customer Assistance 156
Getting assistance outside the U.S. and Canada 158
Ordering additional owner’s literature 159
Reporting safety defects (U.S. only) 159
Cleaning 160
Cleaning your vehicle 160
Repairing paint chips 160
Underbody preservation 163
Maintenance and Specifications 165
Hood 173
Engine oil 176
Battery 179
Engine Coolant 181
Fuel information 189
Lubricant specifications 214
Refill capacities 227
Table of Contents
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Front suspension
Spring:Inspect for missing, broken or shifted leaves or
leaves that are in contact, or nearly contacting
a tire, rim, brake drum, frame or body
components.
Spring mount:Inspect spring hangers, bolts, bushings, axle
mounting bolts and nuts for cracks, breaks,
wear, damage and tightness.
Shock absorber:Inspect for cracks, leaks and missing or broken
bolts or bushings.
Note:Never apply grease to spring pads.
Do not operate the vehicle if any suspension conditions listed in
theFront suspensionchart are evident. Loss of steering or
suspension could result in property damage, personal injury or death.
Front brakes
Hoses:Check for cracked, worn or frayed hoses. Make
sure all couplings are secured.
Chambers:Make sure brake chambers are not cracked or
dented and that they are securely mounted.
Slack adjuster:Check for broken, loose or missing parts; the
angle between the push rod and adjuster arm
should be approximately 90° when the brakes
are applied. When pulled by hand, the push
rod should not move more than approximately
one inch (2.5 cm).
Drum:Make sure there are no cracks, dents or holes
and no loose or missing bolts. Make sure brake
linings are not worn or dangerously thin or
contaminated by lubricant.
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Vehicle Inspection Guide
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Trailer
If you are pulling a trailer, an inspection of the trailer similar to that of
the tractor should be done. Such an inspection should follow trailer
manufacturer recommendation and should include at a minimum: general
condition, landing gear, doors, sides, lights, reflectors, suspension,
brakes, tires, wheels, cargo placement, stability and tie-downs.
Transmission
If your vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission, regularly
check the transmission’s neutral start switch. The engine should only
start in the N (Neutral) or P (Park) positions.
If the unit starts in gear and/or the neutral start switch is not
functioning correctly, the vehicle may inadvertently move which
could result in property damage, personal injury or death.
Check the transmission fluid level and shift linkage for proper operation.
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Vehicle Inspection Guide
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WARNING LIGHTS AND CHIMES
Warning lights and gauges can alert you to a vehicle condition that may
become serious enough to cause expensive repairs. A warning light may
illuminate when a problem exists with one of your vehicle’s functions.
Many lights will illuminate when you start your vehicle to make sure the
bulb works. If any light remains on after starting the vehicle, have the
respective system inspected immediately.
Some of the warning lights shown are optional based on vehicle
equipment; your vehicle may not have some of the warning lights shown
in this section.
Service engine soon:If this light
illuminates while driving, it is a
possible indication that one of the
engine’s emission control systems
has failed.
Check suspension:Illuminates
when there is a fault in the
electronic subsystem of the air
suspension.
SERVICE
ENGINE
SOON
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USA(fus)
Instrument Cluster
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Page 31 of 280
Air pressure gauge:All vehicles
equipped with air brakes have a
dual-pointer air gauge to indicate
the pressure in each brake circuit.
The green pointer indicates the air
pressure in the primary system and
the red pointer indicates the air
pressure in the secondary system.
When the pressure is too low for
normal brake operation (less than
60 psi [414 kPa]) and the ignition is
on:
•a warning buzzer will sound and
•a warning light will illuminate in the instrument cluster
Do not drive the vehicle when the low air pressure buzzer is
sounding or the warning light is lit. These warnings indicate
there is not enough air pressure for the brake or suspension system to
operate properly.
Vehicles equipped with hydraulic brakes and an air compressor have a
single-pointer air gauge.
Note:This system doesnothave a low air pressure warning buzzer or a
low air pressure warning light.
0 30120 90 60
150AIR
PRESSURE
PSI
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When the Traction Controlswitch,
located on the instrument panel, is
activated standard Traction
Control will change to Off Road
traction mode, the traction control
light will be illuminated and flash
slowly. If a traction event occurs, in
either mode the traction control
light will flash rapidly. The standard
Traction Control can be selected
by pushing the Traction Control
switch again or will be automatically selected at next ignition cycle.
If you should become stuck in snow or ice or on a very slippery road
surface, try switching to the Off Road Traction Control mode. This may
allow excess wheel spin to “dig” the vehicle out and enable a successful
“rocking” maneuver.
Aggressive driving in any road conditions can cause you to lose
control of your vehicle increasing the risk of severe personal
injury or property damage. The occurrence of a Traction Control
event is an indication that at least some of the tires have exceeded
their ability to grip the road; this may lead to an increased risk of loss
of vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal injury and death. If you
experience a severe road event, SLOW DOWN.
AIR SUSPENSION (IF EQUIPPED)
Note: The vehicle must not be operated without air in the suspension
springs. Operating the vehicle without air in the air suspension springs
will damage the suspension, degrade ride performance and may cause
property damage.
The suspension system automatically adjusts to different loads to
maintain a constant frame height. The system allows for ease of vehicle
loading and provides improved vehicle ride and increased driver comfort.
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Air suspension dump switch (if equipped)
The system is controlled by a switch
located on the instrument panel.
The switch will operate only when
the ignition is in the ACC
(Accessory) or IGNITION positions
and the air tanks have sufficient
pressure to fill the air springs. When
the ignition is turned off, the
suspension will remain in whatever
state it was last set.
Note:The suspension will dump air when the ignition is in the ACC or
IGNITION position, but will only fill when the ignition is in the IGNITION
position.
When the upper portion of the switch is pressed and the vehicle speed is
below 5 mph (8 km/h), air supplied to the air spring is exhausted,
lowering the frame for loading. Pressing the lower portion of the switch
causes air to fill the air springs so the vehicle will remain at normal ride
height.
Tractor-trailer connections
To reduce the risk of personal injury, use extreme caution when
making brake and light connections. Inclement weather and
accumulated road contamination deposits on handhold and stepping
surfaces require extra care to avoid slip and falls. Provide adequate
lighting of working areas.
Do not climb on the back of the tractor unless it has been
provided with a deck plate and handholds. Use a three-point
stance when climbing up and down from a deck plate. Do not jump
from the vehicle. Whenever possible, make all connections while
standing on the ground.
Connecting and disconnecting a trailer with air suspension
When connecting to a trailer:
• Press the lower portion of the switch and air will exhaust from the air
suspension system.
• After making the connection to the trailer, press the upper portion of
the switch, then raise the landing gear.
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When disconnecting the trailer:
•Lower the landing gear, then press the lower portion of the switch.
• Disconnect the brake hoses, trailer-side and rear light connectors,
then pull the release lever on the fifth wheel.
The upper portion of the switch must be pressed before operating with a
trailer or operating in the bobtail mode.
Suspension conversions
It is not recommended, or approved, that suspension conversions be
performed. However, it is understood that, on occasion, aftermarket add-on
suspensions are installed by others on the truck chassis which allow
operator control for weight transfer from other axles (i.e., air lift axles).
When operating a loaded vehicle, the driver must keep all
adjustable axles on the ground at all times, supporting their
share of the vehicle’s load. Failure to do so can overload other axles,
tires, wheels, springs, steering components, brakes and frames,
resulting in early component failure, loss of vehicle control, possible
property damage and personal injury.
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION OPERATION (IF EQUIPPED)
Main transmission, auxiliary transmission, transfer case and power take-off
(PTO) control shift patterns can be found on a placard or decal on the
driver’s sun visor, on the instrument panel or on the shift control itself.
The main transmission control is used to select the various gear ratios or
speeds of the transmission. Selecting D (Direct Drive), does not change
the transmission gear ratio, but is used where the gear ratios in the main
transmission are adequate to handle the vehicle operation.
If the transmission fails to shift properly, check the inline 10A fuse
located in the battery cables above the battery.
Hold the brake pedal down while you move the gearshift lever
between positions. If you don’t hold the brake pedal down, your
vehicle may move unexpectedly and cause property damage, personal
injury or death.
Allison 2200 automatic transmission with park pawl feature
Note: For Allison automatic transmission-equipped vehicles, also refer to
the separate Allison Transmission Operator’s Manual.
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