2006 INFINITI M35 charging

BATTERY
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CHECKING ELECTROLYTE LEVEL
WAR NING :
Never allow battery fluid to come in contact with skin, eyes, fabrics, or painted surfaces. After touch-
ing a battery, never touch or rub your eyes until you have thoroughly washed your hands. If acid con-
tacts eyes, skin or clothing, immediately flush with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
Remove the cell plug using a suitable tool.
Add distilled water up to the MAX level.
Sulphation
A battery will be completely discharged if it is left unattended
for a long time and the specific gravity will become less than
1.100. This may result in sulphation on the cell plates.
To determine if a battery has been “sulphated”, note its voltage
and current when charging it. As shown in the figure, less cur-
rent and higher voltage are observed in the initial stage of
charging sulphated batteries.
A sulphated battery may sometimes be brought back into ser-
vice by means of a long, slow charge, 12 hours or more, fol-
lowed by a battery capacity test.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY CHECK
1. Read hydrometer and thermometer indications at eye level.
2. Use the chart below to correct your hydrometer reading accord-
ing to electrolyte temperature.
MEL043F
PKIA2353E
MEL042FA

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BATTERY
Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
Hydrometer Temperature Correction
CHARGING THE BATTERY
CAUTION:
Never “quick charge” a fully discharged battery.
Keep the battery away from open flame while it is being charged.
When connecting the charger, connect the leads first, then turn on the charger. Never turn on the
charger first, as this may cause a spark.
If battery electrolyte temperature rises above 55 C (131 F), stop charging. Always charge battery
at a temperature below 55
C (131 F).
Charging Rates
Do not charge at more than 50 ampere rate.
NOTE:
The ammeter reading on your battery charger will automatically decrease as the battery charges. This indi-
cates that the voltage of the battery is increasing normally as the state of charge improves. The charging amps
indicated above refer to initial charge rate.
Battery electrolyte temperature [C (F)] Add to specific gravity reading
71 (160) 0.032
66 (150) 0.028
60 (140) 0.024
54 (130) 0.020
49 (120) 0.016
43 (110) 0.012
38 (100) 0.008
32 (90) 0.004
27 (80) 0
21 (70)
0.004
16 (60)
0.008
10 (50)
0.012
4 (40)
0.016
1 (30)0.020
7 (20)0.024
12 (10)0.028
18 (0)0.032
Corrected specific gravity Approximate charge condition
1.260 - 1.280 Fully charged
1.230 - 1.250 3/4 charged
1.200 - 1.220 1/2 charged
1.170 - 1.190 1/4 charged
1.140 - 1.160 Almost discharged
1.110 - 1.130 Completely discharged
Amps Time
50 1 hour
25 2 hours
10 5 hours
5 10 hours

BATTERY
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If, after charging, the specific gravity of any two cells varies more than 0.050, the battery should be
replaced.
Trouble Diagnosis with Battery/Starting/Charging System Tester (Battery)NKS003NG
CAUTION:
When working with batteries, always wear appropriate eye protection.
NOTE:
To ensure a complete and thorough diagnosis, the battery, starter and alternator test segments must be
done as a set from start to finish.
If battery surface charge is detected while testing, the tester will prompt you to turn on the headlamps to
remove the surface charge.
If necessary, the tester will prompt you to determine if the battery temperature is above or below 0 C (32
F). Choose the appropriate selection by pressing the up or down arrow button, then press “ENTER” to
make the selection.
1. Turn off all loads on the vehicle electrical system. Clean or repair
as necessary.
2. Visually inspect the battery, battery terminals and cable ends
with ignition switch in “OFF” position.
NOTE:
The contact surface between the battery terminals, cable ends
and tester leads must be clean for a valid test. A poor connec-
tion will prevent testing and a “CHECK CONNECTION” mes-
sage will appear during the test procedures. If this occurs, clean
the battery terminals, reconnect them and restart the test.
3. Connect the red tester lead clamp to the positive battery termi-
nal, and the black to the negative terminal.
4. The tester will turn on automatically. Using the arrow keys,
select “IN-VEHICLE” on the tester and then press the “ENTER”
key.
5. Locate the battery type and rating stamped or written on the
top case of the battery to be tested.
NOTE:
The battery rating will have either of the following.
CCA: Cold Cranking Amps (490 CCA, 550 CCA, etc.)
JIS: Japanese Industrial Standard.
When using the battery tester: Use the CCA rating only.
The tester requires the CCA rating for the battery be entered
exactly as it is written or stamped on the battery.
U.S. market: Refer to the latest “Battery Testing” Technical
Service Bulletin (TSB) for a chart which contains these ratings
listed by vehicle.
You must not use the JIS rating.
6. Using the arrow and “ENTER” keys alternately, select the battery type and rating.
NOTE:
The tester lists five choices; CCA, JIS, IEC, DIN, and EN. Use only the CCA choice .
SEL404X
SEL405X
PKIC1310E

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BATTERY
Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
7. Press “ENTER” to begin the test. Diagnosis results are dis-
played on the tester. Refer to SC-8, "
DIAGNOSTIC RESULT
ITEM CHART" .
8. Press “ENTER”, then test output code is displayed. Record the
test output code on the repair order.
9. Toggle back to the “DIAGNOSTIC SCREEN” for test results.
NOTE:
If necessary, the tester will ask the user to determine if the bat-
tery has just been charged. Choose the appropriate selection by
pressing the up or down arrow button and then press the
“ENTER” button to make the selection.
When testing a battery installed in a vehicle that has recently
been driven, select “BEFORE CHANGE”.
If the battery has just been slow charged due to a “CHARGE &
RETEST” decision by the tester, and the tester asks the user “BEFORE CHARGE/AFTER CHARGE”,
select “AFTER CHARGE”.
DIAGNOSTIC RESULT ITEM CHART
SEL407X
SEL576X
Diagnostic item Service procedure
GOOD BATTERYBattery is OK, go to “Trouble Diagnosis”, “STARTING SYSTEM”. Refer to SC-13, "
Trouble Diagnosis with
Battery/Starting/Charging System Tester (Starting)" .
REPLACE BATTERYReplace battery.
Before replacing battery, clean the battery cable clamps and battery posts. Perform battery test again with
Battery/Starting/Charging system tester. If second test result is “Replace Battery”, then do so. Perform bat-
tery test again to confirm repair.
BAD CELL-REPLACEReplace the battery. Perform battery test again with Battery/Starting/Charging system tester to confirm
repair.
GOOD-RECHARGEPerform the slow battery charging procedure. (Initial rate of charge is 10 A for 12 hours.) Perform battery
test again with Battery/Starting/Charging system tester.
CHARGE & RETESTPerform the slow battery charging. (Initial rate of charge is 10 A for 12 hours.)
Perform battery test again with Battery/Starting/Charging system tester to confirm repair.
NOTE:
If the tester asks the user “BEFORE CHARGE/AFTER CHARGE”, select “AFTER CHARGE”.

STARTING SYSTEM
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Trouble Diagnosis with Battery/Starting/Charging System Tester (Starting)NKS003NK
NOTE:
To ensure a complete and thorough diagnosis, the battery, starter and alternator test segments must be done
as a set from start to finish.
1. Turn off all loads on the vehicle electrical system.
2. Perform battery test with Battery/Starting/Charging system
tester. Refer to SC-7, "
Trouble Diagnosis with Battery/Starting/
Charging System Tester (Battery)" .
3. Press “ENTER” to begin the starting system test.
4. Start the engine.
5. Diagnostic result is displayed on the tester. Refer to SC-13,
"DIAGNOSTIC RESULT ITEM CHART" .
NOTE:
If the starter performs normally but the engine does not start,
perform engine diagnosis.
For intermittent “NO CRANK” or “NO STARTER OPERA-
TION” incidents, go to DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE 2.
DIAGNOSTIC RESULT ITEM CHART
SEL408X
SEL409X
SEL410X
Diagnostic item Service procedure
CRANKING VOLTAGE NORMAL
Go to SC-14, "
WORK FLOW" .
CRANKING VOLTAGE LOW
CHARGE BATTERYPerform the slow battery charging procedure. (Initial rate of charge is 10A for 12 hours.) Perform
battery test again with Battery/Starting/Charging system tester. Refer to SC-7, "
Trouble Diagnosis
with Battery/Starting/Charging System Tester (Battery)" .
REPLACE BATTERYBefore replacing battery, clean the battery cable clamps and battery posts. Perform battery test
again with Battery/Starting/Charging system tester. Refer to SC-7, "
Trouble Diagnosis with Bat-
tery/Starting/Charging System Tester (Battery)" . If second test result is “REPLACE BATTERY”,
then do so. Perform battery test again to confirm repair.

SC-14
STARTING SYSTEM
Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
WORK FLOW
*1SC-7, "Trouble Diagnosis with Bat-
tery/Starting/Charging System Tester
(Battery)"
*2SC-16, "MINIMUM SPECIFICATION
OF CRANKING VOLTAGE REFER-
ENCING COOLANT TEMPERA-
TURE"
*3SC-15, "Check “B” Terminal Circuit"
*4SC-16, "Check “S” Connector Cir-
cuit"
SKIB1369E

CHARGING SYSTEM
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CHARGING SYSTEM PFP:00011
System Description NKS003NN
DESCRIPTION
The alternator provides DC voltage to operate the vehicle's electrical system and to keep the battery charged.
The voltage output is controlled by the IC regulator.
Power is supplied at all times
through 10A fuse [No. 36, located in the fuse, fusible link and relay block (J/B)]
to alternator terminal 4 (“S” terminal).
“B” terminal supplies power to charge the battery and operate the vehicle's electrical system. Output voltage is
controlled by the IC regulator at terminal 4 (“S” terminal) detecting the input voltage.
The alternator is grounded to the engine block.
With the ignition switch in the ON or START position, power is supplied
through 10A fuse [No. 14, located in the fuse block (J/B)]
to combination meter terminal 12 for the charge warning lamp.
Ground is supplied at signal
to combination meter terminal 22
through alternator terminal 3 (“L” terminal).
Then power and ground are supplied, the charge warning lamp will illuminate.
When the alternator is providing sufficient voltage with the engine running, the ground is opened and the
charge warning lamp will go off.
If the charge warning lamp illuminates with the engine running, a malfunction is indicated.
Ground is supplied
to alternator terminal 2 (“E” terminal)
through grounds E222, E223 and E224. (VQ35DE)
through ground E212. (VK45DE)
MALFUNCTION INDICATOR
The IC regulator warning function activates to illuminate the charge warning lamp, if any of the following symp-
toms occur while alternator is operating:
Excessive voltage is produced.
No voltage is produced.

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CHARGING SYSTEM
Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
POWER GENERATION VOLTAGE VARIABLE CONTROL SYSTEM
Power generation voltage variable control system that controls the power generation voltage of the alternator
has been adopted. By performing the power generation voltage variable control, the engine load due to the
power generation of the alternator is reduced and fuel consumption is decreased.
Operation Description
The battery current sensor detects the charging/discharging current of the battery. ECM judges the battery
condition based on this signal.
ECM judges whether to perform the power generation voltage variable control according to the battery
condition.
When performing the power generation voltage variable control, ECM calculates the target power genera-
tion voltage according to the battery condition and sends the calculated value as the power generation
command value to IPDM E/R.
IPDM E/R converts the received power generation command value into the power generation command
signal (PWM signal) and sends it to the IC regulator.
The IC regulator controls the power generation voltage by the target power generation voltage based on
the received power generation command signal.
When there is no power generation command signal, the alternator performs the normal power generation
according to the characteristic of the IC regulator.
NOTE:
When any malfunction is detected in the power generation voltage variable control system, the power genera-
tion is performed according to the characteristic of the IC regulator of the alternator.
Main Component Part
BATTERY CURRENT SENSOR
Battery current sensor (1) is installed to the battery cable at the
negative terminal, and it detects the charging/discharging cur-
rent of the battery and sends the voltage signal to ECM accord-
ing to the current value.
SKIB5009E
PKIB8806E