2002 JEEP LIBERTY Diagram

A chime warning system is standard factory-in-
stalled equipment on this model. The chime warning
system uses a single chime tone generator that is sol-
dered onto the electronic circuit board that is integral
to the ElectroMechanical Instrument Cluster (EMIC)
to provide an audible indication of various vehicle
conditions that may require the attention of the vehi-
cle operator or occupants (Fig. 1). The microproces-
sor-based EMIC utilizes electronic chime request
messages received from other electronic modules in
the vehicle over the Programmable Communications
Interface (PCI) data bus network along with hard
wired inputs to the cluster microprocessor to monitor
many sensors and switches throughout the vehicle.
In response to those inputs, the integrated circuitry
and internal programming of the EMIC allow it to
control audible outputs that are produced through its
on-board chime tone generator.
The EMIC circuitry and its chime tone generator
are capable of producing each of the four following
audible outputs:
²Fixed Duration Beep- A short, sharp, single
tactile ªbeep-likeº tone that is about 150 milliseconds
in duration.
²Single Chime Tone- A single ªbong-likeº chime
tone.
²Slow Rate Repetitive Chime- Repeated
chime tones that are issued at a slow rate of about
50 ªbong-likeº tones per minute.
²Fast Rate Repetitive Chime- Repeated chime
tones that are issued at a fast rate of about 180
ªbong-likeº tones per minute.
Hard wired circuitry connects the EMIC and the
various chime warning system switch and sensor
inputs to their electronic modules and to each other
through the electrical system of the vehicle. These
hard wired circuits are integral to numerous wire
harnesses, which are routed throughout the vehicle
and retained by many different methods. These cir-
cuits may be connected to each other, to the vehicle
electrical system and to the chime warning system
through the use of a combination of soldered splices,
splice block connectors, and many different types of
wire harness terminal connectors and insulators.
Refer to the appropriate wiring information. The wir-
ing information includes wiring diagrams, proper
wire and connector repair procedures, further details
on wire harness routing and retention, as well as
pin-out and location views for the various wire har-
ness connectors, splices and grounds.
The EMIC chime warning system circuitry and
integral chime tone generator cannot be adjusted or
repaired. If the EMIC or the chime tone generator
are damaged or faulty, the EMIC unit must be
replaced.OPERATION
The chime warning system is designed to provide
an audible output as an indication of various condi-
tions that may require the attention or awareness of
the vehicle operator or occupants. The chime warning
system components operate on battery current
received through a fused B(+) fuse in the Junction
Block (JB) on a non-switched fused B(+) circuit so
that the system may operate regardless of the igni-
tion switch position. However, the chime warning
system also monitors the ignition switch position so
that some chime features will only occur with igni-
tion switch in the On position, while others occur
regardless of the ignition switch position.
The chime warning system provides an audible
indication to the vehicle operator or occupants under
the following conditions:
²Airbag Indicator Warning- The ElectroMe-
chanical Instrument Cluster (EMIC) chime tone gen-
erator will generate one, short, ªbong-likeº chime
tone when the ignition switch is in the On position,
and an electronic message is received over the Pro-
grammable Communications Interface (PCI) data bus
from the Airbag Control Module (ACM) requesting
ªAirbagº indicator illumination. This warning will
only occur following completion of the ªAirbagº indi-
cator bulb test, and will only occur once during an
ignition cycle. The ACM uses internal programming,
hard wired inputs from the front Supplemental
Restraint System (SRS) components and, on vehicles
so equipped, electronic messages received over the
PCI data bus from each Side Impact Airbag Control
Module (SIACM) to determine the proper ªAirbagº
indicator messages to send to the EMIC.
²Anti-Lock Brake Indicator Warning- The
EMIC chime tone generator will generate one, short,
ªbong-likeº chime tone when the ignition switch is in
the On position, and an electronic message is
received over the PCI data bus from the Controller
Anti-lock Brake (CAB) requesting ªAntilock Brake
System (ABS)º indicator illumination. This warning
will only occur following completion of the ªABSº
indicator bulb test, and will only occur once during
an ignition cycle. The CAB uses internal program-
ming, hard wired inputs from the Antilock Brake
System (ABS) components, and electronic messages
received over the PCI data bus from the Powertrain
Control Module (PCM) to determine the proper
ªABSº indicator messages to send to the EMIC.
²Compass Mini-Trip Computer Reset- The
EMIC chime tone generator will generate one, short,
fixed duration ªbeep-likeº chime tone when the igni-
tion switch is in the On position, and an electronic
message is received over the PCI data bus from the
optional Compass Mini-Trip Computer (CMTC)
requesting that the CMTC elapsed time, average fuel
8B - 2 CHIME/BUZZERKJ
CHIME WARNING SYSTEM (Continued)

flip-up glass ajar switch, the hood ajar switch (in
required markets only), and the Remote Keyless
Entry (RKE) module to control the features of the
optional Vehicle Theft Security System (VTSS).
Hard wired circuitry connects the BCM to the elec-
trical system of the vehicle. These hard wired circuits
are integral to several wire harnesses, which are
routed throughout the vehicle and retained by many
different methods. These circuits may be connected to
each other, to the vehicle electrical system and to the
BCM through the use of a combination of soldered
splices, splice block connectors, and many different
types of wire harness terminal connectors and insu-
lators. Refer to the appropriate wiring information.
The wiring information includes wiring diagrams,
proper wire and connector repair procedures, further
details on wire harness routing and retention, as well
as pin-out and location views for the various wire
harness connectors, splices and grounds.
Many of the electronic features in the vehicle con-
trolled or supported by the BCM are programmable
using a customer programming procedure or the
DRBIIItscan tool. In addition, the BCM software is
Flash compatible, which means it can be repro-
grammed using Flash reprogramming procedures.
However, if any of the BCM hardware components is
damaged or faulty, the entire BCM unit must be
replaced.
OPERATION
The microprocessor-based Body Control Module
(BCM) monitors many hard wired switch and sensor
inputs as well as those resources it shares with other
electronic modules in the vehicle through its commu-
nication over the Programmable Communications
Interface (PCI) data bus network. The internal pro-
gramming and all of these inputs allow the BCM
microprocessor to determine the tasks it needs to
perform and their priorities, as well as both the stan-
dard and optional features that it should provide.
The BCM programming then performs those tasks
and provides those features through both PCI data
bus communication with other electronic modules
and through hard wired outputs through a number of
driver circuits, relays, and actuators. These outputs
allow the BCM the ability to control numerous acces-
sory systems in the vehicle.
The BCM operates on battery current received
through a fuse in the Junction Block (JB) on a non-
switched fused B(+) circuit, through another fuse in
the JB on a fused ignition switch output (run-start)
circuit, and through a third fuse in the JB on a fused
ignition switch output (run-acc) circuit. This arrange-
ment allows the BCM to provide some features
regardless of the ignition switch position, while other
features will operate only with the ignition switch inthe On, Start, and/or Accessory positions. All of the
battery current circuits are connected to the BCM
through the JB/BCM connector. The BCM receives
ground through five separate circuits. Three of these
circuits are connected to the BCM through a connec-
tor and take out of the instrument panel wire har-
ness on three separate ground circuits, while the
other two circuits are connected to the BCM through
the JB/BCM connector. All of these circuits are
grounded through a splice block located in the instru-
ment panel wire harness with an eyelet terminal con-
nector that is secured by a nut to a ground stud on
the driver side instrument panel end bracket near
the JB.
The BCM monitors its own internal circuitry as
well as many of its input and output circuits, and
will store a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) in elec-
tronic memory for any failure it detects. These DTCs
can be retrieved and diagnosed using a DRBIIItscan
tool. Refer to the appropriate diagnostic information.
HARD WIRED INPUTS The hard wired inputs to
the BCM include the following:
²A/C on/off control
²Ambient temperature sensor signal
²Body control module flash enable
²Door lock switch mux
²Driver door ajar switch sense
²Flip-up glass ajar switch sense
²Flip-up glass release switch sense
²Fog lamp switch sense
²Front wiper park switch sense
²Front wiper switch mux
²Front washer pump driver
²Fused B(+)
²Fused ignition switch output (run-acc)
²Fused ignition switch output (run-start)
²Headlamp switch mux
²High beam switch sense
²Hood ajar switch sense - premium with
VTSS - in markets where required only
²Key-in ignition switch sense
²Left cylinder lock switch sense - premium
with VTSS only - omitted in some markets as
required
²Panel lamps dimmer switch mux
²Passenger doors ajar switch sense (input
from three ajar switches connected in parallel)
²Radio control mux - premium with remote
radio switches only
²Rear courtesy lamp control
²Rear window defogger control
²Rear wiper intermittent driver
²Rear wiper on driver
²Right cylinder lock switch sense - premium
with VTSS only - omitted in some markets as
required
KJELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES 8E - 5
BODY CONTROL MODULE (Continued)

²Vacuum Fluorescent Display Synchroniza-
tion (CMTC, EMIC, Radio)
²Vehicle Theft Security System Status (PCM,
ITM) - premium only
Refer to the appropriate diagnostic information for
additional details.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - BODY CONTROL
MODULE
The hard wired inputs to and outputs from the
Body Control Module (BCM), as well as other hard
wired circuits for this module may be diagnosed and
tested using conventional diagnostic tools and proce-
dures. However, conventional diagnostic methods
may not prove conclusive in the diagnosis of the
BCM, the Programmable Communications Interface
(PCI) data bus network, or the electronic messages
received and transmitted by the BCM over the PCI
data bus. The most reliable, efficient, and accurate
means to diagnose the BCM and the PCI data bus
network inputs to and outputs from this module
requires the use of a DRBIIItscan tool. Refer to the
appropriate diagnostic information.
Refer to the appropriate wiring information. The
wiring information includes wiring diagrams, proper
wire and connector repair procedures, further details
on wire harness routing and retention, as well as
pin-out and location views for the various wire har-
ness connectors, splices and grounds.
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, DISABLE THE SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT
SYSTEM BEFORE ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING
WHEEL, STEERING COLUMN, DRIVER AIRBAG,
PASSENGER AIRBAG, SEAT BELT TENSIONER,
FRONT IMPACT SENSORS, SIDE CURTAIN AIRBAG,
OR INSTRUMENT PANEL COMPONENT DIAGNOSIS
OR SERVICE. DISCONNECT AND ISOLATE THE
BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE, THEN
WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE SYSTEM CAPACI-
TOR TO DISCHARGE BEFORE PERFORMING FUR-
THER DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. THIS IS THE ONLY
SURE WAY TO DISABLE THE SUPPLEMENTAL
RESTRAINT SYSTEM. FAILURE TO TAKE THE
PROPER PRECAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN ACCI-
DENTAL AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE
PERSONAL INJURY.
REMOVAL
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, DISABLE THE SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT
SYSTEM BEFORE ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING
WHEEL, STEERING COLUMN, DRIVER AIRBAG,
PASSENGER AIRBAG, SEAT BELT TENSIONER,FRONT IMPACT SENSORS, SIDE CURTAIN AIRBAG,
OR INSTRUMENT PANEL COMPONENT DIAGNOSIS
OR SERVICE. DISCONNECT AND ISOLATE THE
BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE, THEN
WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE SYSTEM CAPACI-
TOR TO DISCHARGE BEFORE PERFORMING FUR-
THER DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. THIS IS THE ONLY
SURE WAY TO DISABLE THE SUPPLEMENTAL
RESTRAINT SYSTEM. FAILURE TO TAKE THE
PROPER PRECAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN ACCI-
DENTAL AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE
PERSONAL INJURY.
NOTE: Before replacing a Body Control Module
(BCM), use a DRBIIITscan tool to retrieve the cur-
rent settings for the BCM programmable features
and the axle ratio/tire size (electronic pinion factor).
Refer to the appropriate diagnostic information.
These settings should be duplicated in the replace-
ment BCM using the DRBIIITscan tool before
returning the vehicle to service.
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(2) Remove the Junction Block Module (JBM) from
the instrument panel end bracket on the driver side
of the vehicle. (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/POWER
DISTRIBUTION/JUNCTION BLOCK - REMOVAL).
(3) Remove the four screws that secure the BCM
to the Junction Block (JB) (Fig. 3).
(4) Remove the BCM from the JB.
(5) If the vehicle is equipped with the optional
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) system, remove the
RKE module from the receptacle on the BCM. (Refer
to 8 - ELECTRICAL/POWER LOCKS/REMOTE KEY-
LESS ENTRY MODULE - REMOVAL).
INSTALLATION
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, DISABLE THE SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT
SYSTEM BEFORE ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING
WHEEL, STEERING COLUMN, DRIVER AIRBAG,
PASSENGER AIRBAG, SEAT BELT TENSIONER,
FRONT IMPACT SENSORS, SIDE CURTAIN AIRBAG,
OR INSTRUMENT PANEL COMPONENT DIAGNOSIS
OR SERVICE. DISCONNECT AND ISOLATE THE
BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE, THEN
WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE SYSTEM CAPACI-
TOR TO DISCHARGE BEFORE PERFORMING FUR-
THER DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. THIS IS THE ONLY
SURE WAY TO DISABLE THE SUPPLEMENTAL
RESTRAINT SYSTEM. FAILURE TO TAKE THE
PROPER PRECAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN ACCI-
DENTAL AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE
PERSONAL INJURY.
KJELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES 8E - 7
BODY CONTROL MODULE (Continued)

controls the ground for the heated seat switch indi-
cator lamps (LED's).
When a heated seat switch (Driver or Passenger) is
depressed a signal is received by the heated seat
module, the module energizes the proper indicator
LED (Low or High) in the switch by grounding the
indicator lamp circuit to indicate that the heated seat
system is operating. At the same time, the heated
seat module energizes the selected heated seat sensor
circuit and the sensor provides the module with an
input indicating the surface temperature of the
selected seat cushion.
The Low heat set point is about 36É C (96.8É F),
and the High heat set point is about 42É C (107.6É F).
If the seat cushion surface temperature input is
below the temperature set point for the selected tem-
perature setting, the heated seat module energizes
an N-channel Field Effect Transistor (N-FET) within
the module which energizes the heated seat elements
in the selected seat cushion and back. When the sen-
sor input to the module indicates the correct temper-
ature set point has been achieved, the module
de-energizes the N-FET which de-energizes the
heated seat elements. The heated seat module will
continue to cycle the N-FET as needed to maintain
the selected temperature set point.
If the heated seat module detects a heated seat
sensor value input that is out of range or a shorted
or open heated seat element circuit, it will notify the
vehicle operator or the repair technician of this con-
dition by flashing the High and/or Low indicator
lamps in the affected heated seat switch. Refer to
Diagnosis and Testing Heated Seat Systemin
Heated Systems for flashing LED diagnosis and test-
ing procedures. Refer toDiagnosis and Testing
Heated Seat Modulein this section for heated seat
module diagnosis and testing procedures. Also refer
to the Body Diagnostic Manual for additional diagno-
sis and testing procedures.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - HEATED SEAT
MODULE
If a heated seat fails to heat and one or both of the
indicator lamps on a heated seat switch flash, refer
toHeated Seat System Diagnosis and Testingin
Heated Systems for flashing LED failure identifica-
tion. Refer toWiring Diagramsin for complete
heated seat system wiring diagrams.
(1) Remove the heated seat module from its
mounting location (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/ELEC-
TRONIC CONTROL MODULES/MEMORY HEATED
SEAT/MIRROR MODULE - REMOVAL).NOTE: ANY RESISTANCE VALUES (OHMSV) GIVEN
IN THE FOLLOWING TEXT ARE SUPPLIED USING
THE AUTOMATIC RANGE GENERATED BY A
FLUKETAUTOMOTIVE METER. IF ANOTHER TYPE
OF MEASURING DEVICE IS USED THE VALUES
GENERATED MAY NOT BE THE SAME AS THE
RESULTS SHOWN HERE, OR MAY HAVE TO BE
CONVERTED TO THE RANGE USED HERE.
RIGHT SEAT HEATER INOPERATIVE
(1) If a heated seat heats but one or both indicator
lamps (LED's) on the heated seat switch fail to illu-
minate, check the driver circuit with the inoperative
LED for a short to ground. If OK, replace the heated
seat switch. If NOT OK repair the short to ground as
required and than replace the heated seat switch.
NOTE: IF THE RIGHT SEAT CUSHION IS ALREADY
WARM THE FOLLOWING STEP WILL NOT PROVE
CONCLUSIVE.
(2) Back-probe the heated seat module wire har-
ness connector (Fig. 15), do not disconnect. Check
cavity #3 for battery voltage when the right heated
seat switch is turned ªONº, voltage should be
present, If OK go to Step 3 If NOT OK, test the right
heated seat switch (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/
HEATED SEATS/PASSENGER HEATED SEAT
SWITCH - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING). If the
switch tests OK, check for continuity between the
switch and control module on the MUX circuit, If OK
replace the heated seat control module. If NOT OK,
repair the open or shorted MUX circuit as required.
Fig. 15 Heated Seat Module Electrical Connector
8E - 22 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULESKJ
HEATED SEAT MODULE (Continued)

(3) Install and tighten the battery hold down
bracket retaining bolt. Tighten the bolt to 4 N´m (20
in. lbs.).
(4) Reconnect the battery negative cable terminal
clamp to the battery negative terminal post. Tighten
the terminal clamp pinch-bolt hex nut to 8.4 N´m (75
in. lbs.).
BATTERY CABLES
DESCRIPTION
The battery cables (Fig. 18) are large gauge,
stranded copper wires sheathed within a heavy plas-
tic or synthetic rubber insulating jacket. The wire
used in the battery cables combines excellent flexibil-
ity and reliability with high electrical current carry-
ing capacity. The battery cables feature a clamping
type female battery terminal made of soft lead that is
die cast onto one end of the battery cable wire. A
square headed pinch-bolt and hex nut are installed
at the open end of the female battery terminal clamp.
Large eyelet type terminals are crimped onto the
opposite end of the battery cable wire and then sol-
der-dipped. The battery positive cable wires have a
red insulating jacket to provide visual identificationand feature a larger female battery terminal clamp
to allow connection to the larger battery positive ter-
minal post. The battery negative cable wires have a
black insulating jacket and a smaller female battery
terminal clamp.
The battery cables cannot be repaired and, if dam-
aged or faulty they must be replaced. Both the bat-
tery positive and negative cables are available for
service replacement only as a unit with the battery
wire harness, which may include portions of the wir-
ing circuits for the generator and other components
on some models. Refer to the appropriate wiring
information in this service manual for the location of
the proper battery cable wire harness diagrams. The
wiring information also includes proper wire and con-
nector repair procedures, further details on wire har-
ness routing and retention, as well as pin-out and
location views for the various wire harness connec-
tors, splices and grounds.
OPERATION
The battery cables connect the battery terminal
posts to the vehicle electrical system. These cables
also provide a path back to the battery for electrical
current generated by the charging system for restor-
ing the voltage potential of the battery. The female
battery terminal clamps on the ends of the battery
cable wires provide a strong and reliable connection
of the battery cable to the battery terminal posts.
The terminal pinch bolts allow the female terminal
clamps to be tightened around the male terminal
posts on the top of the battery. The eyelet terminals
secured to the opposite ends of the battery cable
wires from the female battery terminal clamps pro-
vide secure and reliable connection of the battery
cables to the vehicle electrical system.
The battery positive cable terminal clamp is die
cast onto the ends of two wires. One wire has an eye-
let terminal that connects the battery positive cable
to the B(+) terminal studs of the Power Distribution
Center (PDC), and the other wire has an eyelet ter-
minal that connects the battery positive cable to the
B(+) terminal stud of the engine starter motor sole-
noid. The battery negative cable terminal clamp is
also die cast onto the ends of two wires. One wire
has an eyelet terminal that connects the battery neg-
ative cable to the vehicle powertrain through a stud
on the left side of the engine cylinder block. The
other wire has an eyelet terminal that connects the
battery negative cable to the vehicle body through a
ground stud on the left wheel house, near the bat-
tery.
Fig. 18 Battery Cables - Typical
1 - Battery
2 - Radiator Crossmember
3 - Terminal Clamps
4 - Fender Inner Shield
5 - Negative Cable
6 - Positive Cable
8F - 18 BATTERY SYSTEMKJ
BATTERY HOLDDOWN (Continued)

If the vehicle is equipped with an automatic trans-
mission, battery voltage is supplied through the low-
amperage control circuit to the coil battery terminal
of the starter relay when the ignition switch is
turned to the momentary Start position. The park/
neutral position switch is installed in series between
the starter relay coil ground terminal and ground.
This normally open switch prevents the starter relay
from being energized and the starter motor from
operating unless the automatic transmission gear
selector is in the Neutral or Park positions.
When the starter relay coil is energized, the nor-
mally open relay contacts close. The relay contacts
connect the relay common feed terminal to the relay
normally open terminal. The closed relay contacts
energize the starter solenoid coil windings.
The energized solenoid pull-in coil pulls in the sole-
noid plunger. The solenoid plunger pulls the shift
lever in the starter motor. This engages the starter
overrunning clutch and pinion gear with the starter
ring gear on the manual transmission flywheel or on
the automatic transmission torque converter or
torque converter drive plate.
As the solenoid plunger reaches the end of its
travel, the solenoid contact disc completes the high-
amperage starter feed circuit and energizes the sole-
noid plunger hold-in coil. Current now flows betweenthe solenoid battery terminal and the starter motor,
energizing the starter.
Once the engine starts, the overrunning clutch pro-
tects the starter motor from damage by allowing the
starter pinion gear to spin faster than the pinion
shaft. When the driver releases the ignition switch to
the On position, the starter relay coil is de-energized.
This causes the relay contacts to open. When the
relay contacts open, the starter solenoid plunger
hold-in coil is de-energized.
When the solenoid plunger hold-in coil is de-ener-
gized, the solenoid plunger return spring returns the
plunger to its relaxed position. This causes the con-
tact disc to open the starter feed circuit, and the shift
lever to disengage the overrunning clutch and pinion
gear from the starter ring gear.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - STARTING
SYSTEM
The battery, starting, and charging systems oper-
ate in conjunction with one another, and must be
tested as a complete system. For correct starting/
charging system operation, all of the components
involved in these 3 systems must perform within
specifications.
Starting System Diagnosis
CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
STARTER FAILS TO
OPERATE.1. Battery discharged or
faulty.1. Refer to Battery. Charge or replace battery, if required.
2. Starting circuit wiring
faulty.2. Refer to 8, Wiring Diagrams. Test and repair starter
feed and/or control circuits, if required.
3. Starter relay faulty. 3. Refer to Starter Relay in Diagnosis and Testing.
Replace starter relay if required.
4. Ignition switch faulty. 4. Refer to Ignition Switch and Key Lock Cylinder.
Replace ignition switch if required.
5. Clutch pedal position
switch faulty.5. Refer to Clutch Pedal Position Switch.
6. Park/Neutral position
switch faulty or
misadjusted.6. Refer to Park/Neutral Position Switch. Replace
park/neutral position switch if required.
7. Starter solenoid faulty. 7. Refer to Starter Motor. Replace starter motor assembly
if required.
8. Starter motor faulty. 8. If all other starting system components and circuits test
OK, replace starter motor.
KJSTARTING SYSTEM 8F - 33
STARTING SYSTEM (Continued)

Starting System Diagnosis
CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
STARTER ENGAGES,
FAILS TO TURN
ENGINE.1. Battery discharged or
faulty.1. Refer to Battery. Charge or replace battery if required.
2. Starting circuit wiring
faulty.2. Refer to 8, Wiring Diagrams. Test and repair starter
feed and/or control circuits if required.
3. Starter motor faulty. 3. If all other starting system components and circuits test
OK, replace starter motor assembly.
4. Engine seized. 4. Refer to Engine Diagnosis in the Diagnosis and Testing
section of 9, Engine.
STARTER ENGAGES,
SPINS OUT BEFORE
ENGINE STARTS.1. Starter ring gear faulty. 1. Refer to Starter Motor Removal and Installation.
Remove starter motor to inspect starter ring gear.
Replace starter ring gear if required.
2. Starter motor faulty. 2. If all other starting system components and circuits test
OK, replace starter motor assembly.
STARTER DOES NOT
DISENGAGE.1. Starter motor
improperly installed.1. Refer to Starter Motor Removal and Installation.
Tighten starter mounting hardware to correct torque
specifications.
2. Starter relay faulty. 2. Refer to Starter Relay Diagnosis and Testing. Replace
starter relay if required.
3. Ignition switch faulty. 3. Refer to Ignition Switch and Key Lock Cylinder.
Replace ignition switch if required.
4. Starter motor faulty. 4. If all other starting system components and circuits test
OK, replace starter motor.
INSPECTION
For complete starter wiring circuit diagrams, refer
to 8, Wiring Diagrams. Before removing any unit
from starting system for repair or diagnosis, perform
the following inspections:
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, REFER TO 8, PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYS-
TEMS, BEFORE ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING
WHEEL, STEERING COLUMN, OR INSTRUMENT
PANEL COMPONENT DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE.
FAILURE TO TAKE THE PROPER PRECAUTIONS
COULD RESULT IN ACCIDENTAL AIRBAG DEPLOY-
MENT AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL INJURY.
²Battery- Visually inspect battery for indica-
tions of physical damage and loose or corroded cable
connections. Determine state-of-charge and cranking
capacity of battery. Charge or replace battery if
required. Refer toBatteryin 8, Battery.Note: If
equipped with diesel engine, a dual battery sys-
tem may be used, and both batteries must be
inspected.
²Ignition Switch- Visually inspect ignition
switch for indications of physical damage and loose
or corroded wire harness connections. Refer toIgni-
tion Switch and Key Lock Cylinder.²Clutch Pedal Position Switch- If equipped
with manual transmission, visually inspect clutch
pedal position switch for indications of physical dam-
age and loose or corroded wire harness connections.
Refer toClutch Pedal Position Switchin 6,
Clutch.
²Park/Neutral Position Switch- If equipped
with automatic transmission, visually inspect park/
neutral position switch for indications of physical
damage and loose or corroded wire harness connec-
tions. Refer toPark/Neutral Position Switchin
21, Transmission.
²Starter Relay- Visually inspect starter relay
for indications of physical damage and loose or cor-
roded wire harness connections.
²Starter Motor- Visually inspect starter motor
for indications of physical damage and loose or cor-
roded wire harness connections.
²Starter Solenoid- Visually inspect starter sole-
noid for indications of physical damage and loose or
corroded wire harness connections.
²Wiring- Visually inspect wire harnesses for
damage. Repair or replace any faulty wiring, as
required. Refer to 8, Wiring Diagrams.
8F - 34 STARTING SYSTEMKJ
STARTING SYSTEM (Continued)

TESTING
COLD CRANKING TEST
For complete starter wiring circuit diagrams, refer
to 8, Wiring Diagrams. The battery must be fully-
charged and load-tested before proceeding. Refer to
Batteryin 8, Battery.
(1) Connect volt-ampere tester to battery terminals
(Fig. 1). See instructions provided by manufacturer of
volt-ampere tester being used.Note: Certain diesel
equipped models use dual batteries. If equipped
with dual battery system, tester should be con-
nected to battery on left side of vehicle only.
Also, tester current reading must be taken from
positive battery cable lead that connects to
starter motor.
(2) Fully engage parking brake.
(3) If equipped with manual transmission, place
gearshift selector lever in Neutral position and block
clutch pedal in fully depressed position. If equipped
with automatic transmission, place gearshift selector
lever in Park position.
(4) Verify that all lamps and accessories are
turned off.
(5) To prevent a gasoline engine from starting,
remove Automatic ShutDown (ASD) relay. To prevent
a diesel engine from starting, remove Fuel Pump
Relay. These relays are located in Power Distribution
Center (PDC). Refer to label on PDC cover for relay
location.
WARNING: IF EQUIPPED WITH DIESEL ENGINE,
ATTEMPT TO START ENGINE A FEW TIMES
BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH FOLLOWING STEP.(6) Rotate and hold ignition switch in Start posi-
tion. Note cranking voltage and current (amperage)
draw readings shown on volt-ampere tester.
(a) If voltage reads below 9.6 volts, refer to
Starter Motorin Diagnosis and Testing. If starter
motor is OK, refer toEngine Diagnosisin 9,
Engine for further testing of engine. If starter
motor is not OK, replace faulty starter motor.
(b) If voltage reads above 9.6 volts and current
(amperage) draw reads below specifications, refer
toFeed Circuit Testin this section.
(c) If voltage reads 12.5 volts or greater and
starter motor does not turn, refer toControl Cir-
cuit Testingin this section.
(d) If voltage reads 12.5 volts or greater and
starter motor turns very slowly, refer toFeed Cir-
cuit Testin this section.
NOTE: A cold engine will increase starter current
(amperage) draw reading, and reduce battery volt-
age reading.
FEED CIRCUIT TEST
The starter feed circuit test (voltage drop method)
will determine if there is excessive resistance in
high-amperage feed circuit. For complete starter wir-
ing circuit diagrams, refer 8, Wiring Diagrams.
When performing these tests, it is important to
remember that voltage drop is giving an indication of
resistance between two points at which voltmeter
probes are attached.
Example:When testing resistance of positive bat-
tery cable, touch voltmeter leads to positive battery
cable clamp and cable connector at starter solenoid.
If you probe positive battery terminal post and cable
connector at starter solenoid, you are reading com-
bined voltage drop in positive battery cable clamp-to-
terminal post connection and positive battery cable.
The following operation will require a voltmeter
accurate to 1/10 (0.10) volt. Before performing tests,
be certain that following procedures are accom-
plished:
²Battery is fully-charged and load-tested. Refer to
Batteryin 8, Battery.
²Fully engage parking brake.
²If equipped with manual transmission, place
gearshift selector lever in Neutral position and block
clutch pedal in fully depressed position. If equipped
with automatic transmission, place gearshift selector
lever in Park position.
²Verify that all lamps and accessories are turned
off.
²To prevent a gasoline engine from starting,
remove Automatic ShutDown (ASD) relay. To prevent
a diesel engine from starting, remove Fuel Pump
Relay. These relays are located in Power Distribution
Fig. 1 Volts-Amps Tester Connections - Typical
1 - POSITIVE CLAMP
2 - NEGATIVE CLAMP
3 - INDUCTION AMMETER CLAMP
KJSTARTING SYSTEM 8F - 35
STARTING SYSTEM (Continued)