1999 TOYOTA LAND CRUISER cooling

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The gauge indicates the engine coolant
temperature when the ignition switch is
on. The engine operating temperature
will vary with changes in weather and
engine load.
If the needle points to the red zone or
higher, stop your vehicle and allow the
engine to cool.
Your vehicle may overheat during severe
operating conditions, such as: Driving up a long hill on a hot day.
Reducing speed or stopping after high
speed driving.
Idling for a long period with the air
conditioning on in stop- and- go traffic.
Towing a trailer.
NOTICE
Do not remove the thermostat in
the engine cooling system as thismay cause the engine to overheat.The thermostat is designed to con-
trol the flow of coolant to keep thetemperature of the engine withinthe specified operating range.
Do not continue driving with anoverheated engine. See ºIf your ve-hicle overheatsº in Part 4.
Oil pressure gauge
Idling
Normal driving
The oil pressure gauge indicates engine
oil pressure when the ignition switch is
on. Check it while driving to make sure
that the needle is in the proper range.
If the oil pressure should stay below the
normal range, pull off the road to a safe
place and stop the engine immediately.
Call a Toyota dealer or qualified repair
shop for assistance.
Oil pressure may not build up when the
oil level is too low. The oil pressure
gauge is not designed to indicate oil level,
and the oil level must be checked using
the level dipstick.
Engine coolant temperature
gauge

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If following another vehicle on a dusty
road, or driving in windy and dusty
conditions, it is recommended that the
air intake selector be temporarily set to
RECIRCULATE, which will close off the
outside passage and prevent outside
air and dust from entering the vehicle
interior. Heating
For best results, set controls to:
Fan speedÐ ºAUTOº
TemperatureÐ To the desired
temperature
Air intakeÐFRESH (outside air)
Air flowÐ ºAUTOº
Air conditioningÐOFF
Turning the fan speed selector knob to
ºAUTOº position turns on the air condition-
ing. At this time, the ºA/Cº button indicator
comes on regardless of whether or not the
ºA/Cº button is pressed in.
When the ºA/Cº button is not pressed in,
turning the fan speed selector knob to
ºOFFº or pressing in the ºA/Cº button
turns off the air conditioning system.
For quick heating, select recirculated
air for a few minutes. To keep the
windows from fogging, select fresh af-
ter the vehicle interior has been war-
med.
Press the ºA/Cº button on for dehumidi-
fied heating.
Choose floor/windshield air flow to heat
the vehicle interior while defrosting or
defogging the windshield. Air conditioning
For best results, set controls to:
Fan speedÐ ºAUTOº
TemperatureÐ To the desired
temperature
Air intakeÐFRESH (outside air)
Air flowÐ ºAUTOº
Turning the fan speed selector knob to
ºAUTOº position turns on the air condition-
ing. At this time, the ºA/Cº button indicator
comes on regardless of whether or not the
ºA/Cº button is pressed in.
When the ºA/Cº button is not pressed in,
turning the fan speed selector knob to
ºOFFº or pressing in the ºA/Cº button
turns off the air conditioning system.
For quick cooling, move the air intake
selector to recirculate for a few min-
utes.

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To ensure that the three- way cata- lytic converter and the entire emis-sion control system operate proper- ly, your vehicle must receive the
periodic inspections required by theToyota Maintenance Schedule. Forscheduled maintenance information,
refer to the separate ºScheduledMaintenance Guideº or ºOwner's
Manual Supplementº.
Engine exhaust cautions
CAUTION
Avoid inhaling the engine exhaust.
It contains carbon monoxide, which
is a colorless and odorless gas. It
can cause unconsciousness or even
death.
Make sure the exhaust system has
no holes or loose connections. The
system should be checked from
time to time. If you hit something,
or notice a change in the sound of
the exhaust, have the system
checked immediately.
Do not run the engine in a garage
or enclosed area except for the
time needed to drive the vehicle in
or out. The exhaust gases cannot
escape, making this a particularly
dangerous situation.
Do not remain for a long time in a
parked vehicle with the engine run-
ning. If it is unavoidable, however,
do so only in an unconfined area
and adjust the heating or cooling
system to force outside air into the
vehicle.
Keep the back door and quarter
windows closed while driving. An
open or unsealed back door and
quarter windows may cause exhaust
gases to be drawn into the vehicle.
To allow proper operation of your
vehicle's ventilation system, keep
the inlet grilles in front of the wind-
shield clear of snow, leaves, or oth-
er obstructions.
If you smell exhaust fumes in the
vehicle, drive with the windows
open and the back door closed.
Have the cause immediately located
and corrected.

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FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL
Engine oil has the primary functions of
lubricating and cooling the inside of the
engine, and plays a major role in main-
taining the engine in proper working order.
ENGINE OIL CONSUMPTION
It is normal that an engine should con-
sume some engine oil during normal
engine operation. The causes of oil
consumption in a normal engine are as
follows.
Oil is used to lubricate pistons, piston
rings and cylinders. A thin film of oil
is left on the cylinder wall when a pis-
ton moves downwards in the cylinder.
High negative pressure generated when
the vehicle is decelerating sucks some
of this oil into the combustion chamber.
This oil as well as some part of the oil
film left on the cylinder wall is burned
by the high temperature combustion
gases during the combustion process.
Oil is also used to lubricate the stems
of the intake valves. Some of this oil
is sucked into the combustion chamber
together with the intake air and is
burned along with the fuel. High tem-
perature exhaust gases also burn the
oil used to lubricate the exhaust valve
stems.
The amount of engine oil consumed de-
pends on the viscosity of the oil, the
quality of the oil and the conditions the
vehicle is driven under.
More oil is consumed by high- speed driv-
ing and frequent acceleration and decel-
eration.
A new engine consumes more oil, since
its pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls
have not become conditioned.
When judging the amount of oil con-
sumption, note that the oil may become
diluted and make it difficult to judge
the true level accurately. As an example, if a vehicle is used for
repeated short trips, and consumes a nor-
mal amount of oil, the dipstick may not
show any drop in the oil level at all, even
after 1000 km (600 miles) or more. This
is because the oil is gradually becoming
diluted with fuel or moisture, making it
appear that the oil level has not changed.
The diluting ingredients evaporate out
when the vehicle is then driven at high
speeds, as on an expressway, making it
appear that oil is excessively consumed
after driving at high speeds.
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINE OIL LEVEL CHECK
One of the most important points in prop-
er vehicle maintenance is to keep the en-
gine oil at the optimum level so that oil
function will not be impaired. Therefore, it
is essential that the oil level be checked
regularly. Toyota recommends that the oil
level be checked every time you refuel
the vehicle.
NOTICE
Failure to check the oil level regularly
could lead to serious engine troubledue to insufficient oil.
Facts about engine oil
consumption

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Engine compartment overview
1. Engine oil filler cap
2. Brake fluid reservoir
3. Fuse blocks
4. Battery
5. Windshield and rear window washerfluid tank
6. Engine oil level dipstick
7. Engine coolant reservoir
8. Electric cooling fan
9. Power steering fluid reservoir

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Fuel
Fuel type:
Premium unleaded gasoline, Octane Rat-
ing 91 (Research Octane Number 96) or
higher for optimum engine performance.
However, if such premium type cannot
be obtained, you may temporarily use
unleaded gasoline with an Octane Rat-
ing as low as 87 (Research Octane
Number 91).
Fuel tank capacity, L (gal., Imp. gal.): 96 (25.4, 21.1) Service specifications
ENGINE
Valve clearance (engine cold), mm (in.):
Intake 0.15Ð0.25 (0.006Ð0.010)
Exhaust 0.25Ð0.35 (0.010Ð0.014)
Spark plug type: DENSO SK20R11
NGK IFR6A11
Spark plug gap, mm (in.): 1.1 (0.043)
ENGINE LUBRICATION
Oil capacity (drain and ref ill), L (qt., Imp.
qt.)
With filter 6.8 (7.2, 6.0)
Without filter 6.4 (6.8, 5.6)
Oil grade: API grade SJ, ºEnergy- Conservingº mul-
tigrade engine oil or ILSAC multigrade
engine oil is recommended.
Recommended oil viscosity (SAE):
COOLING SYSTEM
Total capacity, L (qt., Imp. qt.) Without rear heater 14.8 (15.6, 13.0)
With rear heater 15.3 (16.2, 13.5)
Coolant type:
ºToyota Long Life Coolantº or equivalent
With ethylene- glycol type coolant for a
proper corrosion protection of aluminum
components
Do not use alcohol type antifreeze or plain
water alone.
BATTERY
Open voltage *
at 20 C (68 F):
12.6Ð12.8 V Fully charged
12.2Ð12.4 V Half charged
11.8Ð12.0 V Discharged
* : Voltage that is checked 20 minutes af-
ter the key is removed with all the lights
turned off
Charging rates: 5 A max.

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Tires
Tire size:
P275/70R16 114S
Tire pressure, kPa (kgf/cm 2
or bar, psi):
Normal driving Front 220 (2.2, 32)
Rear 220 (2.2, 32)
Tailer towing Front 220 (2.2, 32)
Rear 240 (2.4, 35)
Wheel size: 16 8JJ
Wheel nut torque, N´m (kgf´m, ft´lbf): 131 (13.4, 96.6) Fuses
Engine compartment
Fuses (type A) 1. ALT- S 7.5 A: Charging system
2. AM1 NO.2 20 A: Starting system, turn
signal lights, emergency flashers, all
components in ºCIGARº, ºECU- IGº,
ºMIRRº, ºSRSº fuses
3. A.C 20 A: Air conditioning system
4. POWER HTR 10 A: No circuit
5. SEAT HTR 15 A: Seat heaters
6. FUEL HTR 20 A: No circuit
7. MIR HTR 15 A: Outside rear view mir-
ror heater
8. HEAD CLNER 20 A: No circuitEngine compartment
9. CDS FAN 20 A: Electric cooling fan
10. EFI or ECD 20 A: Multiport fuel injec-
tion system/sequential multiport fuel in-
jection system, emission control sys-
tem, fuel pump
11. HORN 10 A: Horns
12. THROTTLE 15 A: Electronic throttle
control system
13. RADIO 20 A: Car audio system
14. HAZ- TRN 15 A: Emergency flashers,
turn signal lights