1998 SSANGYONG MUSSO fuel

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-9
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION
FOUR WHEEL ALIGNMENT
CASTER
Caster is the tilting 91 the uppermost point of the steering
axis either forward or backward from the vertical when
viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is
positive, and a forward tilt is negative. Caster influences
directional control of the steering but does not affect
tire wear. Weak springs or overloading a vehicle will affect
caster. One wheel with more positive caster will pull
toward the center of the car. This condition will cause
the car to move or lean toward the side with the least
amount of positive caster. Caster is measured in degrees.
CAMBER
Camber is the tilting of the top of the tire from the vertical
when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When the
tires tilt outward, the camber is positive. When the tires
tilt inward, the camber is negative. The camber angle is
measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber
influences both directional control and tire wear.
If the vehicle has too much positive camber, the outside
shoulder of the tire will wear. If the vehicle has too much
negative camber, the inside shoulder of the tire will wear. The first responsibility of engineering is to design safe
steering and suspension systems. Each component
must be strong enough to withstand and absorb extreme
punishment. Both the steering system and the front and
the rear suspension must function geometrically with
thebody mass.
The steering and the suspension systems require that
the front wheels self-return and that the tire rolling effort
and the road friction be held to a negligible force in order
to allow the customer to direct the vehicle with the least
effort and the most comfort.
A complete wheel alignment check should include
measurements of the rear toe and camber.
Four-wheel alignment assures that all four wheels will
be running in precisely the same direction.
When the vehicle is geometrically aligned, fuel economy
and tire life are at their peak, and steering and
performance are maximized.
TOE
Toe-in is the turning in of the tires, while toe-out is the
turning out of the tires from the geometric centerline or
thrust line. The toe ensures parallel rolling of the wheels.
The toe serves to offset the small deflections of the wheel
support system which occur when the vehicle is rolling
forward. The specified toe angle is the setting which
achieves 0 degrees of toe when the vehicle is moving.
Incorrect toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear and
reduced fuel economy. As the individual steering and
suspension components wear from vehicle mileage,
additional toe will be needed to compensate for the wear.
Always correct the toe dimension last.

5A-18 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
INTRODUCTION
The BTR Automotive Model 74 Four Speed Automatic Transmission is an electronically controlled overdrive four
speed unit with a lock-up torque converter. The lock-up torque converter results in lower engine speeds at cruise and
eliminates unnecessary slippage. These features benefit the customer through improved fuel economy and noise
reduction. Refer to table 1.1 for details of power, torque and configuration.
Of primary significance is the transmission control unit (TCU) which is a microprocessor based control system. The
TCU utilizes throttle position, rate of throttle opening, engine speed, transmission output speed, transmission sump
temperature, gear selector position and mode selector inputs, and in some applications a ‘kickdown’ switch to control
all shift feel and shift schedule aspects.
The TCU drives a single proportional solenoid multiplexed to three regulator valves to control all shift feel aspects.
The output pressure of this solenoid is controlled as a function of transmission sump temperature to maintain consistent
shift feel throughout the operating range.
Shift scheduling is highly flexible, and several independent schedules are programmed depending on the vehicle.
Typically the ‘NORMAL’ schedule is used to maximise fuel economy and driveability, and a ‘POWER’ schedule is used
to maximise performance. ‘WINTER’ schedule is used to facilitate starting at second gear.
Figure 1.1 details the differences between conventional and electronic transmission control systems.
Max Torque (Nm)
320Configuration
260 mm Torque Converter
Wide Ratio Gear Set
Splined Output for Transfer CaseMin Torque (Nm)
160 Model
M74 4WD
Transmission Table 1.1 - M74 Torque, Power and Configuration

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION 5A-21
Downshift Type
RANGE ‘1’ (MANUAL ‘1’):
RANGE ‘2’ (MANUAL ‘2’):
RANGE ‘3’ (MANUAL ‘3’):
RANGE ‘D’ (DRIVE):
RANGE ‘N’ (NEUTRAL):
RANGE ‘R’ (REVERSE):
RANGE ‘P’ (PARK):Inhibited Above
First gear operation only with inhibited engagement as a function of vehicle
speed. Engine braking is applied with reduced throttle.
First and second gear operation with inhibited engagement of second gear, as
a function of vehicle speed. Engine braking is applied with reduced throttle.
First, second and third gear operation with an inhibited third gear engagement
at high vehicle speed. Refer to the vehicle owner’s manual.
Engine braking is applied with reduced throttle.
First, second, third and fourth gear operation. First to second (1-2), first to third
(1-3), second to third (2-3), second to fourth (2-4), third to fourth (3-4), fourth
to third (4-3), fourth to second (4-2), third to second (3-2), third to first (3-1)
and second to first (2-1), shifts are all available as a function of vehicle speed,
throttle position and the time rate of change of the throttle position (forced
downshift). Lockup clutch may be enabled in 3rd and 4th gears depending on
vehicle type. Refer to the owner’s manual.
Rear band applied only, with inhibited engagement as a function of vehicle
speed, engine speed and throttle position. The inhibitor switch allows the en-
gine to start.
Reverse gear operation, with inhibitor engagement as a function of vehicle
speed, engine speed and throttle position. The inhibitor switch enables reverse
lamp operation.
Rear band applied only, with inhibited engagement as a function of vehicle
speed, engine speed and throttle position. The transmission output shaft is
locked. The inhibitor switch allows the engine to start.
Table 2.1 - Gear Selections
DRIVING MODE SELECTOR
The driving mode selector consists of a mode selection switch and indicator light. The driving mode selector is
located on the centre console. See figure 2,1.
The schedules available to be selected vary with vehicle types. Typically the driver should have the option to select
between ‘NORMAL’ , ‘POWER’ or ‘WINTER’ modes.
When ‘NORMAL’ mode is selected upshifts will occur to maximise fuel economy and the indicator lights remain
extinguished. When ‘POWER’ mode is selected upshifts will occur to give maximum performance and the ‘POWER’
mode indicator light is switched on. When ‘WINTER’ mode is selected, starting at second gear is facilitated, the
‘WINTER’ mode indicator light is switched on and the ‘POWER’ mode indicator light is switched off.
Refer to the vehicle owner’s manual for specific modes for each vehicle type.

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION 5A-43
Figure 4.1 - Power Flow Diagram
TORQUE CONVERTER
The torque converter (refer figure 4.2) consists of a turbine,
stator pump, impeller and a lock-up damper and piston
assembly. As in conventional torque converters, the impeller is
attached to the converter cover, the turbine is splined to the
input shaft and the stator is mounted on the pump housing via
a one way clutch (sprag).
The addition of the damper and piston assembly enables the
torque converter to ‘lock-up’ under favourable conditions. Lock-
up is only permitted to occur in third and fourth gears under
specified throttle and road speed conditions.
Lock-up is achieved by applying hydraulic pressure to the
damper and piston assembly which couples the turbine to the
converter cover, locking-up the converter and eliminating
unwanted slippage. Whenever lock-up occurs, improved fuel
consumption is achieved. Torsional damper springs are
provided in the damper and piston assembly to absorb any
engine torque fluctuations during lock-up.
Figure 4.2 - Torque Converter Cross Section

6A-6 POWER STEERING SYSTEM
OIL PUMP PRESSURE CHECK
Oil Pump Pressure Check
1. Disconnect the pressure hose from the oil pump connect a
pressure gauge between the oil pump and pressure hose
2. Bleed the system . Start the engine and turn the steering
wheel form lock several times until oil temperature is up to
50°C
3. Run the engine at 1,000 rpm.
4. Close the pressure gauge valve and check oil pressure.
Notice
Do not keep the valve closed for more than 10 seconds.
5. Remove the pressure gauge and connect the pressure
hose.
6. Do bleeding procedure.
BLEEDING OF POWER STEERING
SYSTEM
Bleeding of Power Steering System
1. Disconnect the fuel line. Using a starter motor, crank the
engine and turn the steering wheel from lock to lock 5 or 6
times.
Notice
Do bleeding with engine cranking. If bleed with idling, there
can be a air contact with oil.
2. Connect the fuel feed line and start the engine at idle speed.
3. Turn the steering wheel from lock to lock until there is no
more air in oil reservoir.
4. Connect the oil level is within specification.
5. By turning the steering wheel left to right, check the oil level
change.
Notice
lIf oil is not changes more than 5mm, do bleeding again.
lIf oil level rises suddenly when stopped engine, again.
Relief Pressure75 - 82 kg/cm2

9A-6 BODY WIRING SYSTEM
Engine Room Fuse (EF) and Relay Box
1 Fuse (15A) : ABS, ABD
2 Fuse (20A) : Sun Roof
3 Fuse (10A) : Air Bag
4 Fuse (15A) : Audio, Clock, Out Side Mirror
5 Fuse (30A) : Cigarette lighter, Power Socket
6 Fuse (30A) : Heater
7 Fuse (15A) : Door Lock
8 Fuse (30A) : Rear Heated
9 Fuse (10A) : Audio, Buzzer, Chime, Clock
10 Fuse (30A) : Power Window
11 Fuse (10A) : Immobilizer
12 Fuse (20A) : T/C
13 Fuse (15A) : Interior Lamp
14 Fuse (15A) : Hazard Lamp
15 Fuse (15A) : Stop Lamp
16 Fuse (15A) : Turn signal Lamp, Head Lamp
17 Fuse (10A) : Back up Lamp
18 Fuse (15A) : Cluster, STICS
19 Fuse (15A) : A/T, Diagnosis
20 Fuse (15A) : Over Voltage Protection Relay
(Gasolin Only)
21 Fuse (15A) : Seat Heater
22 Fuse (15A) : ECS
23 Fuse (15A) : Front Wiper & Washer
24 Fuse (10A) : Rear Wiper & Washer, A/C
25 Relay : Front Wiper26 Relay : ABS Warning Lamp
27 Relay : Flasher Unit
28 Relay : Fuel Pump (Gasoline Only)
29 Relay : Shift Lock (A/T)
30 Relay : Clutch Interlock & Neutral
31 Relay : Sun Roof
32 Relay : A/T ‘B’ Interlock (MB A/T)
33 Relay : Power Window
34 Relay : Rear Fog Lamp
35 Relay : ECS
36 Relay : Compressor (Diesel E/G)
Condenser Fan (Gasoline E/G)
37 Relay : Condenser Fan
38 Relay : Air Conditioner
39 Fuse (10A) : Tail Lamp
40 Fuse (15A) : Head Lamp(LH)
41 Fuse (15A) : Head Lamp(RH)
42 Fuse (15A) : Front Fog Lamp
43 Fuse (10A) : Horn
44 Fuse (10A) : Compressor
45 Relay : Resistor with Diode (Gasoline E/G)
46 Relay : Front fog Lamp
47 Relay : Condenser Fan
48 Relay : Tail Lamp
49 Relay : Horn

9A-8 BODY WIRING SYSTEM
1 Fuse Box
2 Door Lock Relay
3 Relay Box
3.1 Front Wiper Relay
3.2 ABS Warning Lamp Relay....................................ABD 5.0
3.3 Flasher Unit
3.4 Fuel Pump Relay.................................................Gasoline E/G
3.5 Shift Lock Relay...................................................Automatic Transmission
3.6 Clutch Interlock & Neutral Relay...........................Manual Transmission or Automatic Transmission
3.7 Sun Roof Relay
3.8 Automatic Transmission ‘B’ Switch Interlock.......Automatic Transmission
3.9 Power Window Relay
3.10 Rear Fog Lamp Relay..........................................Rear Fog Lamp
3.11 ECS Relay
4 Defogger Relay
5 Ground 1
6 Roof Wiring Connector
7 Diode 1
8 Front Door Wiring Connector
9 Front Door Wiring Connector
10 Front Door Wiring Connector
11 Front Door Wiring Connector
12 Kick Down Relay..................................................Automatic Transmission
13 Floor Wiring Connector
14 Floor Wiring Connector
15 Floor Wiring Connector
16 ABD Floor Wiring Connector................................ABD 5.0
17 ECS Floor Wiring Connector
18 Rear Iper & Washer Switch
19 Clutch Switch........................................................Manual Transmission
19-1Clutch Switch........................................................E32 Gasoline E/G with Manual Transmission
20 Stop Lamp Switch
21 Outside Mirror Switch
22 Ignition Switch
23 Multi Function Switch
24 Multi Function Switch
25 Black Out Switch..................................................Black Out Lamp
26 Black out switch...................................................Black Out Lamp
27 Joint Connector (Tail)
28 Joint Connector (Ignition)
29 Cluster
30 Cluster .................................................................Automatic Transmission
31 Cluster
32 Cluster
33 4WD Switch..........................................................Except TOD
33-14WD Switch.......................................................... TOD
3 4 Hazard Switch
35 Ground 2
36 Pedal Module.......................................................Gasoline E/G with MSE ECU
37 Audio Switch
3 8 Immobilizer...........................................................Crypto Type, Gasoline E/G with MSE ECU or Diesel E/G
39 Ignition Switch
40 Multi Function Switch
4 1 STICS
4 2 STICS
4 3 REKES.................................................................Remote Keyless

BODY WIRING SYSTEM 9A-9
44 Joint Connector.................................................... Ground
45 Door Unlock Switch
46 Front Fog Lamp Switch
47 Rear Defogger Switch
4 8 ECS Switch
49 Rear Fog Lamp Switch........................................Rear Fog Lamp
50 Digital Clock
51 Thermo Amplifier
52 Glove Box Lamp Switch
53 Air Conditioner Wiring Connetor
54 Glove Box Lamp
55 Ground 6
56 Ground 6.............................................................Gasoline E/G
57 Ground 7.............................................................Gasoline E/G
58 Wheel Speed Sensor (FR)..................................ABS 5.0 or ABD 5.0
59 O
2 Sensor............................................................E32 Gasoline E/G
60 Engine Main Wiring Connector............................Gasoline E/G with MSE ECU
61 HFM .....................................................................Gasoline E/G with HFM ECU
61-1 MSE .....................................................................Gasoline E/G with MSE ECU
62 Front Door Wiring Connector (Passenger Side)
63 Front door Wiring Connector (Passenger Side)
64 Joint Connector (B+)
65 Audio
66 Audio
67 Air Bag Wiring Connector
68 Chime Bell
6 9 Buzzer
70 Kick Down Switch.................................................Automatic Transmission
71 Diode 2................................................................Manual Transmission
72 Ground 3
73 Ground 4
74 Front Cigarette Lighter
75 Diode 3................................................................Automatic Transmission, MB
76 S/E Mode Selector Switch....................................Automatic Transmission
76-1Mode Switch........................................................Automatic Transmission
77 “B” Position Switch..............................................Automatic Transmission
78 “P” Position Switch..............................................Automatic Transmission
79 Shift Lock Solenoid Valve.....................................Automatic Transmission
8 0 TCCU
81 Ground 5.............................................................Gasoline E/G
81-1Ground 7.............................................................Diesel E/G
82 Seat Extension Wiring Connector
83 Transmission Extension Wiring Connector...........E23 & E32 Gasoline E/G with Manual Transmission
83-1 Transmission Extension Wiring Connector...........Diesel E/G with MB A/T
84 Transmission Extension Wiring Connector...........Gasoline E/G with Manual Transmission
84-1 Transmission Extension Wiring Connector...........Diesel E/G with Manual Transmission or BTRE A/T
85 Transmission Extension Wiring Connector...........E23 & E32 Gasoline E/G with A/T
85-1 Transmission Extension Wiring Connector...........Diesel E/G with BTRE A/T
86 Transfer Case Motor
87 Transfer Case Motor
88 Vehicle Speed Sensor
89 Fuel Gauge
90 Acceleration Sensor.............................................ABS 5.0
91 Seat Belt Switch (Passenger)
92 Seat Heater Switch
93 Head Lamp Leveling Device Switch.....................Leveling Device