Ign. Ignition
In. Inches
Inj. Injector
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"J" ABBREVIATION TABLE
"J" ABBREVIATION TABLE \
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ABBREVIATION DEFINITION
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J/B Junction Block
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"K" ABBREVIATION TABLE
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k/ohms 1000 ohms (kilo as in k/ohms)
kg Kilograms (weight)
kg/cm Kilograms Per Square Centimeter
KAM Keep Alive Memory
KAPWR Keep Alive Power
KM/H Kilometers Per Hour
KOEO Key On Engine Off
KOER Key On Engine Running
KS Knock Sensor
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"L" ABBREVIATION TABLE
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L Liter(s)
L/D Light Duty
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
LH Left Hand
LOS Limited Operation Strategy
LT BLU Light Blue
LT GRN Light Green
LUS Lock-Up Solenoid
Lbs. Pounds
Lt(s). Light(s)
Lugg. Luggage
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"M" ABBREVIATION TABLE
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mA Milliamps
mV Millivolts
mfd. Microfarads
Transportation (DOT) approved, DOT 4BW or DOT 4BA refrigerant
containers.
7) Never overfill refrigerant containers. The safe filling
level of a refrigerant container MUST NOT exceed 60 percent of the
container's gross weight rating. Store refrigerant containers at
temperature less than 125
F (52C).
8) R-134a refrigerant is sold and stored in 30- or 50-pound
Light Blue containers, while Freon (R-12) is stored in White colored
containers.
9) Refrigerant R-12 and R-134a must never be mixed, as they
and their desiccants and lubricants are not compatible. If
refrigerants are mixed, system cross-contamination or A/C system
component failure may occur. Always use separate servicing and
refrigerant recovery/recycling equipment.
10) Follow equipment manufacturer instructions of all service
equipment to be used. The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), provided
by refrigerant manufacturer/suppliers, contains valuable information
regarding the safe handling of refrigerants.
11) Before connecting refrigerant lines always lubricate "O"
rings using appropriate refrigerant oil.
12) Always plug or cap A/C system refrigerant lines and
component connections as soon as possible to protect components from
moisture and/or dust. DO NOT remove plugs or caps until ready to
install component.
13) Always use a back-up wrench when tightening or loosening
fittings.
IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
To prevent refrigerant cross-contamination, use following
methods to identify R-134a based systems and components.
Fittings & "O" Rings
All R-134a based A/C systems use 1/2" - 16ACME threaded
fittings (identifiable by square threads) and quick-connect service
couplings. See Fig. 1. Besides the use of these fittings, most
manufacturers will use Green colored "O" rings in R-134a systems.
Fig. 1: Identifying R-134a Fittings & Quick-Connect Service Couplings
Courtesy of Audi of America, Inc.
Underhood A/C Specification Labels
Most R-134a based systems will be identified through the use
Other Means Of Identification
Refrigerant R-134a, when viewed through a sight glass, may
have a "milky" appearance due to the mixture of refrigerant and
lubricating oil. As the refrigerant and oil DO NOT exhibit a "clear"
sight glass on a properly charged A/C system, most R-134a systems have
no sight glass.
REFRIGERANT OILS
NOTE: Use ONLY the specified oil for the appropriate system or A/C
compressor. Always check vehicle underhood A/C specification
label or A/C compressor label before adding refrigerant oil
to A/C compressor/system. See Figs. 2 and 3. Always use
refrigerant oil specified on vehicle underhood A/C
specification label if different from the following list.
Refrigerant R-12 based systems use mineral oil, while R-134a
systems use Polyalkylene Glycol (PAG) oils. Using a mineral oil based
lubricant with R-134a will result in A/C compressor failure due to
lack of proper lubrication. The following R-134a refrigerant oils are
currently specified:
Use DENSO/ND-Oil 8 refrigerant oil on Nippondenso
compressors. Use SUN PAG 56 refrigerant oil on Sanden compressors.
NOTE: PAG oils absorb moisture very rapidly, 2.3-5.6 percent by
weight, as compared to a mineral oil absorption rate of
0.005 percent by weight.
SERVICE EQUIPMENT
A/C systems using R-134a refrigerant and PAG lubricants
cannot use R-12 refrigerant or mineral oil lubricants. R-134a
refrigerant is NOT compatible or interchangeable with R-12
refrigerant. Separate sets of hoses, manifold gauge sets and
recovery/recycling equipment are required to service the different
systems. This is necessary to avoid cross-contaminating and damaging
A/C system. A single set of A/C service equipment cannot be cleaned
thoroughly enough to be used with both types of refrigerant.
All equipment used to service A/C systems using R-134a must
be U.L. listed and certified to meet SAE standard J2210. The service
hoses on the manifold gauge set must have manual (turn wheel) or
automatic back-flow valves at the service port connector ends. This
will prevent refrigerant from being released into the atmosphere.
For identification purposes, R-134a service hoses must have a
Black stripe along its length and be clearly labeled SAE J2196/R-134a.
The low pressure test hose is Blue with a Black stripe. The high
pressure test hose is Red with a Black stripe, and the center test
hose is Yellow with a Black stripe.
R-134a manifold gauge sets can be identified by one or all of
the following: Labeled FOR USE WITH R-134a on set, labeled HFC-134a or
R-134a on gauge face, or by a Light Blue color on gauge face. In
addition, pressure/temperature scales on R-134a gauge sets are
different from R-12 manifold gauge sets.
SYSTEM SERVICE VALVES
SCHRADER-TYPE VALVES
NOTE: Although similar in construction and operation to a tire
valve, NEVER replace a Schrader-type valve with a tire valve.