1997 SSANGYONG KORANDO tires

0B -- 8 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
MAINTENANCE AND
LUBRICATION
NORMAL VEHICLE USE
The maintenance instructions contained in the mainte-
nance schedule are based on the assumption that the
vehicle will be used for the following reasons:
DTo carry passengers and cargo within the limitation of
the tire inflation prassure. Refer to “Tire and Wheel” in
section 2E.
DTo be driven on reasonable road surfaces and within
legal operating limits.
EXPLANATION OF SCHEDULED
MAINTENANCE SERVICES
The services listed in the maintenance schedule are fur-
ther explained below. When the following maintenance
services are performed, make sure all the parts are re-
placed and all the necessary repairs are done before
driving the vehicle. Always use the proper fluid and lubri-
cants.
Engine Oil and Oil Filter Change
Always use above the API SH grade or recommended
engine oil.
Engine Oil Viscosity
Engine oil viscosity (thickness) has an effect on fuel
economy and cold weather operation. Lower viscosity
engine oils can provide better fuel economy and cold
weather performance; however, higher temperature
weather conditions require higher viscosity engine oils
for satisfactory lubrication. Using oils of any viscosity
other than those viscosities recommended could result
in engine damage.
Cooling System Service
Drain, flush and refill the system with new coolant. Refer
to “Recommended Fluids And Lubricants“ in this sec-
tion.
Air Cleaner Element Replacement
Clean the air cleaner element every.
DGasoline Engine : 15,000km (10,000 miles)
DDiesel Engine : 10,000km (6,000 miles)
Replace the air cleaner element every .
DGasoline Engine : 60,000km (36,000 miles)DDiesel Engine : 30,000km (18,000 miles)
Replace the air cleaner more often under dusty condi-
tions.
Fuel Filter Replacement
Replace the engine fuel filter every.
DGasoline Engine : 60,000km (36,000 miles)
DDiesel Engine : 45,000km (24,000 miles)
Spark Plug Replacement
Replace spark plugs with same type.
DType : BOSCH : F8DC4
BERU : 14F-- 8DU4
Champion : C11YCC
DGap : 0.8±0.1 mm
Spark Plug Wire Replacement
Clean wires and inspect them for burns, cracks or other
damage. Check the wire boot fit at the Distributor and at
the spark plugs. Replace the wires as needed.
Brake System Service
Check the disc brake pads or the drum brake linings.
Check the pad and the lining thickness carefully.
Tire and Wheel Inspection and Rotation
Check the tires for abnormal wear or damage. To equal-
ize wear and obtain maximum tire life, rotate the tires. If
irregular or premature wear exists, check the wheel
alignment and check for damaged wheels. While the
tires and wheels are removed, inspect the brakes.
Tire Rotation (Left-hand Drive Type)

GENERAL INFORMATION 0B -- 13
D AEW OO M Y_2000
OWNER INSPECTIONS AND SERVICES
WHILE OPERATING THE VEHICLE
Horn Operation
Blow the horn occasionally to make sure it works. Check
all the button locations.
Brake System Operation
Be alert for abnormal sounds, increased brake pedal
travel or repeated puling to one side when braking. Also,
if the brake warning light goes on, or flashes, something
may be wrong with part of the brake system.
Exhaust System Operation
Be alert to any changes inthe sound of the system or
the smell of the fumes. These are signs that the system
may be leaking or overheating. Have the system in-
spected and repaired immediately.
Tires, Wheels and Alignment Operation
Be alert to any vibration of the steering wheel or the
seats at normal highway speeds. This may mean a
wheel needs to be balanced. Also, a pull right or left on a
straight, level road may show the need for a tire pres-
sure adjustment or a wheel alignment.
Steering System Operation
Be alert to changes in the steering action. An inspection
is needed when the steering wheel is hard to turn or has
too much free play, or is unusual sounds are noticed
when turning or parking.
Headlight Aim
Take note of the light pattern occasionally. Adjust the
headlights if the beams seem improperly aimed.
AT EACH FUEL FILL
A fluid loss in any (except windshield washer) system
may indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and
repaired immediately.
Engine Oil Level
Check the oil level and add oil if necessary. The best
time to check the engine oil level is when the oil is warm.
1. After stopping the engine, wait a few minutes for the
oil to drain back to the oil pan.
2. Pull out the oil level indicator (dip stick).
3. Wipe it clean, and push the oil level indicator back
down all the way.
4. Pull out the oil level indicator and look at the oil level
on it.
5. Add oil, if needed, to keep the oil level above the low-
er mark. Avoid overfilling theengine, since this may
cause engine damage.
6. Push the indicator all the way back down into the en-
gine after taking the reading.If you check the oil level when the oil is cold, do not run
the engine first. The cold oil will not drain back to the pan
fast enough to give a true oil level reading.
Engine Coolant Level and Condition
Check the coolant level in the coolant reservoir tank and
add coolant if necessary. Inspect the coolant. Replace
dirty or rusty coolant.
Windshield Washer Fluid Level
Check the washer fluid level in the reservoir. Add fluid if
necessary.
AT LEAST TWICE A MONTH
Tire And Wheel Inspection and Pressure
Check
Check the tire for abnormal wear or damage. Also check
for damaged wheels. Check the tire pressure when the
tires are cold ( check the spare also, unless it is a stow-
away). Maintain the recommended pressures. Refer to
“Tire and Wheel” is in section 0B.
AT LEAST MONTHLY
Light Operation
Check the operation of the license plate light, the head-
lights (including the high beams), the parking lights, the
fog lights, the taillight, the brake lights, the turn signals,
the backup lights and the hazard warning flasher.
Fluid Leak Check
Periodically inspect the surface beneath the vehicle for
water, oil, fuel or other fluids, after the vehicle has been
parked for a while. Water dripping from the air condition-
ing system after use is normal. If you notice fuel leaks or
fumes, find the cause and correct it at once.
AT LEAST TWICE A YEAR
Power Steering System Reservoir Level
Check the power steering fluid level. Keep the power
steering fluid at the proper level. Refer to Section 6A,
Power Steering System.
Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir Level
Check the fluid and keep it at the proper level. A low fluid
level can indicate worn disc brake pads which may need
to be serviced. Check the breather hole in the reservoir
cover to be free from dirt and check for an open pas-
sage.
Weather- Strip Lubrication
Apply a thin film silicone grease using a clean cloth.

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-2 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Inspect the tires for improper pressure and uneven wear.
Inspect the joint from the steering column to the steer-
ing gear for loose connections or wear.
Inspect the front and the rear suspension, the steering
gear, and the linkage for loose or damaged parts.
Inspect for out-of-round tires.
Inspect for out-of-balance tires, bent wheels, and worn
or loose wheel bearings.
Check the power steering pump serpentine belt tension.
Inspect the power steering system for leaks. Also, check
the power steering fluid level.Action
Checks
Checks
Inspect for incorrect toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Inspect for a twisted or a bent suspension arm. Inspect for mismatched or uneven tires.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for a radial tire lateral force.
Check the front-wheel alignment.
Inspect for an off-center steering gear.
Inspect for front-brake dragging.
DIAGNOSIS
GENERAL DIAGNOSIS
Problems in the steering, the suspension, the tires,
and the wheels involve several systems. Consider all
systems when diagnosing a complaint. Some problems,
such as abnormal or excessive tire wear and scuffed
tires, may be the result of hard driving. Always roadtest the vehicle first. If possible, do this road test with
the customer.
Proceed with the following preliminary checks. Correct
any substandard conditions.
Preliminary Checks
Replace the tires.
Replace the spring.
Check the wheel alignment. Switch the tire and the
wheel assemblies. Replace the tires, as needed.
Align the front wheels.
Reseat the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pinion
valve assembly, as needed.
Adjust the front brakes.
Car Lead/Pull
Action
Adjust the toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the suspension arm.
Scuffed Tires
Inflate the tires to the proper pressure.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Tighten the front and the rear suspension. Tighten the
steering gear mounting bracket bolts. Tighten the inter-
mediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the front and the rear
suspension, as needed. Replace the steering gear, as
needed. Replace the intermediate shaft, as needed.
Perform a free runout test. Match-mount the tires.
Balance the wheels. Replace the wheels. Replace the
wheel bearings.
Tighten the power steering pump serpentine belt.
Repair any leaks. Perform a power steering system test.
Add power steering fluid, as needed.
Action Checks

SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.
Replace the seals and the hoses, as needed.
Lubricate the steering gear. Repair or replace the
steering gear, as needed.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts. Check the steering gear preload adjustment.
Check the hydraulic system. Test the power steering
system pressure with a gauge.
Inspect for binding or catching in the steering gear.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.Action ChecksBalance the tire or the wheel.
Measure the hub flange runout. Replace the hub, as
needed.
Adjust the brakes. Replace the brake rotor, as needed.
Replace the outer tie rods.
Balance the wheel.
Replace the lower ball joint.
Measure the wheel runout. Replace the wheel, as
needed.
Match-mount the tire and the wheel assembly. Inspect for an out-of-balance tire or wheel.
Inspect for excessive wheel hub runout.
Inspect for excessive brake rotor imbalance.
Inspect for worn tie rod ends.
Inspect for wheel trim imbalance.
Inspect for a worn lower ball joint.
Inspect for excessive wheel runout.
Inspect for excessive loaded radial runout on the tire
and the wheel assembly.Action ChecksAction
Balance the tire or the wheel. Checks
Inspect for an out-of-balance tire or wheel.Align the front and the rear wheels.
Adjust the toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the spring.
Balance the tires.
Rotate the tires. Replace the tires, as needed.
Maintain the proper load weight.
Inflate the tires to the proper pressure. Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.
Inspect for excessive toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for out-of-balance tires.
Check for a failure to rotate tires.
Check for an overloaded vehicle.
Inspect for low tire inflation.
Abnormal or Excessive Tire Wear
Shimmy, Shake, or Vibration
Hard Steering
Wheel Tramp
Action Checks

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-4 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Replace the tires.
Replace the ball joints and the outer tie rods.
Replace the dampeners.
Tighten the stabilizer link.
Replace the spring.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.
Align the front and the rear wheels. Inspect for mismatched or uneven tires.
Inspect for lack of lubrication of the ball joints and the
tie rod ends.
Inspect for worn dampeners.
Inspect for a loose stabilizer link.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.
Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.Action ChecksReplace the ball joints and the outer tie rods.
Replace the damaged suspension components.
Replace the control arm bushings or the tie rods.
Tighten the stabilizer link.
Tighten the wheel nuts.
Tighten the suspension bolts or the nuts. Inspect for a lack of lubrication of the ball joints and
the tie rod ends.
Inspect for damaged suspension components.
Inspect for worn control arm bushings or tie rod ends.
Inspect for a loose stabilizer link.
Inspect for loose wheel nuts.
Inspect for loose suspension bolts or nuts.Action Checks Inspect for lack of lubrication of the ball joints and the
tie rod ends.
Inspect for binding in the ball joints.
Inspect for binding in the steering column.
Check the front-wheel alignment.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.
Inspect for a sticking valve.
Inspect for binding in the intermediate shaft on the
steering gear.Action ChecksReplace the front wheel bearings.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment. Inspect for worn or loose front wheel bearings.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.
Inspect the joint from the column to the steering gear
for loose connections or wear.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.Action Checks
Replace the ball joints and the outer tie rods.
Replace the ball joint.
Lubricate the steering column. Replace the steering
column as needed.
Align the front wheels.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.
Lubricate the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pin-
ion valve assembly, as needed.
Replace the intermediate shaft.
Poor Returnability
Abnormal Noise, Front Suspension
Abnormal or Excessive Tire Wear
Too Much Playin Steering

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-6 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.
Inspect for worn dampeners.
Inspect for worn or loose wheel bearings.
Inspect for excessive tire or wheel runout.
Inspect for a worn ball joint.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.Align the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the dampeners.
Replace the wheel bearings.
Match-mount the tires. Replace the tires, as needed.
Replace the wheels, as needed.
Replace the ball joint.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.Action ChecksReplace the seals and the hoses, as needed.
Clean the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pinion
valve assembly, as needed.
Adjust the power steering pump serpentine belt. Check the hydraulic system. Test the power steering
system pressure with a gauge.
Inspect for a sluggish steering gear valve.
Inspect for a loose power steering pump serpentine
belt.Action ChecksAction Checks
Purge the power steering system of air.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Tighten the tie rod ends. Replace the outer tie rods, as
needed.
Replace the front wheel bearings. Inspect for air in the power steering system.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.
Inspect the joint from the column to the steering gear
for loose connections or wear.
Inspect for loose tie rod ends.
Inspect for loose or worn front wheel bearings.
Steering Wheel Surges or Jerks
Cupped Tires
Steering Wheel Kickback

SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A-7
SSANGYONG MY2002
KAA2A010
HUB AND BEARING
Perform the following test to check for looseness in
the hub and bearing assembly:
1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
2. Remove the rear wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires
and Wheels.
3. Remove the caliper and the disc brake rotor. Refer
to Section 4E, Rear Disc Brakes.
4. Mount a dial indicator set with a magnetic base to
a stationary part of the vehicle.
5. Push and pull the wheel hub by hand. If the wheel
hub movement exceeds 0.03 mm (0.001 inch),
replace the hub and bearing assembly. Refer to
Section 2D, Rear Suspension.
6. Install the caliper and the disc brake rotor. Refer
to Section 4E, Rear Disc Brakes.
7. Install the rear wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires
and Wheels.
8. Lower the vehicle.

SSANGYONG MY2002
2B-2 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
FOUR WHEEL ALIGNMENT
The first responsibility of engineering is to design safe
steering and suspension systems. Each component
must be strong enough to withstand and absorb extreme
punishment. Both the steering system and the front
and the rear suspension must function geometrically
with the body mass.
The steering and the suspension systems require that
the front wheels self-return and that the tire rolling effor t
and the road friction be held to a negligible force in
order to allow the customer to direct the vehicle with
the least effort and the most comfort.
A complete wheel alignment check should include mea-
surements of the rear toe and camber.
Four-wheel alignment assures that all four wheels will
be running in precisely the same direction.
When the vehicle is geometrically aligned, fuel economy
and tire life are at their peak, and steering and perfor
mance are maximized.
TOE-IN
Toe-in is the turning in of the tires, while toe-out is the
turning out of the tires from the geometric centerline or
thrust line. The toe ensures parallel rolling of the wheels.
The toe serves to offset the small deflections of the
wheel support system which occur when the vehicle is
rolling forward. The specified toe angle is the setting
which achieves 0 degrees of toe when the vehicle is
moving.
Incorrect toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear and re
duced fuel economy. As the individual steering and
sus-pension components wear from vehicle mileage,
additional toe will be needed to compensate for the
wear.
Always correct the toe dimension last.
CASTER
Caster is the tilting of the uppermost point of the steering
axis either forward or backward from the vertical when
viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is
positive, and a forward tilt is negative. Caster influences
directional control of the steering but does not affect
tire wear. Weak springs or overloading a vehicle will
affect caster. One wheel with more positive caster will
pull toward the center of the car. This condition will
cause the car to move or lean toward the side with the
least amount of positive caster. Caster is measured in
degrees.
CAMBER
Camber is the tilting of the top of the tire from the
vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When
the tires tilt outward, the camber is positive. When the
tires tilt inward, the camber is negative. The camber
angle is measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber
in-fluences both directional control and tire wear.
If the vehicle has too much positive camber, the outside
shoulder of the tire will wear. If the vehicle has too
much negative camber, the inside shoulder of the tire
will wear.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION