1996 LAND ROVER DEFENDER battery

84WIPERS AND WASHERS
6
REPAIR WINDSCREEN WIPER WHEEL BOXES - NON AIR
CONDITIONED VEHICLES
Service repair no - 84.15.25
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Remove wiper arms
See Windscreen wiper
arms.
3.Remove wiper motorSee Wiper motor and
drive rack - vehicle with air conditioning, LH
drive
.
4.Remove instrument housing, fascia crash pad,
and ventilator grille panel.
5.Slacken steering column support rod lower
fixing.6.Remove steering column upper support fixing.
7.Slacken nuts to release back plates from LH and
RH wheel boxes.
8.Remove drive rack tubes.
9.Slacken grub screws and remove wiper arm
adaptors.
10.Remove LH and RH wheelbox spindle nuts.
11.Remove wheel box assemblies from vehicle.

WIPERS AND WASHERS
7
REPAIR Refit
NOTE: During reassembly all fixings
related to wiper motor and wheelboxes are
finger tightened only, until all components
are correctly aligned.
12.Fit wheelboxes to bulkhead and secure with
retaining nuts and washers.
13.Fit drive rack tubes to wheelboxes.
14.Apply grease to drive rack and wheelboxes.
15.Align wiper motor and mounting pad, secure with
retaining strap and tighten drive tube nut.
16.Fully tighten wheelbox back plate nuts.
17.Fully tighten both wheelbox spindle nuts.
18.Fit wiper arm adaptors and secure with grub
screw.
19.Before refitting panels fit wiper blades, connect
multi-plug and earth lead, reconnect battery and
check wiper operation.
20.If satisfactory, secure steering column upper and
lower fixings and tighten to correct torque.
21.Fit ventilator grille panel, fascia crash pad,
instrument housing and all other components
removed to gain access to wiper motor and
wheelboxes.

84WIPERS AND WASHERS
8
REPAIR WINDSCREEN WIPER WHEELBOXES - AIR
CONDITIONED VEHICLES
Service repair no - 84.15.25/20
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Remove wiper motor and drive rack
See Wiper
motor and drive rack - air conditioned
vehicles.
3.Remove centre and LH fascia top crash rail
support bracket fixings.
4.Remove both demister vents from ducts.
5.Remove RH demister vent hose from duct.
6.Remove RH vent demister vent fixing and pivot
vent and hose aside.
7.Remove demister vent top duct.8.Release steering column upper and lower
support rods.
9.Slacken LH and RH wheelbox nuts and remove
drive tubes from wheelboxes.
10.Remove wiper arm splined adaptor.
11.Remove spacer, where fitted, early vehicles
only.
12.Remove nuts securing left and RH wheel boxes
and withdraw wheelboxes from bulkhead.
NOTE: During assembly all fixings related
to wiper motor and wheelboxes are finger
tightened only until all components are
correctly aligned.

WIPERS AND WASHERS
9
REPAIR 13.Fit wheelboxes to bulkhead.
14.Fit drive tubes to wheelboxes.
15.Feed drive rack through tubes until fully seated
in both wheelboxes.
16.Secure drive tube nut to wiper motor.
17.Fit wiper motor strap and earth lead.
18.When all components are correctly aligned, fully
tighten wheelboxes nuts to secure drive tubes.
Tighten wheelbox to bulkhead nuts.
19.Fully tighten drive tube nut to wiper motor and
motor strap screws.
20.Connect multiplug to wiper motor and earth lead
to strap tag.
21.Fit spacer, where used, early vehicles only.
22.Fit wiper arm adaptors.
23.Reconnect battery and check operation of wiper
motor and drive assembly and wheelboxes.
24.Disconnect battery.
25.Fit steering column upper and lower supports.
Tighten fixings to correct torque.
26.Fit demister vent top duct.
27.Secure RH demister vent and hose.
28.Fit LH and RH demister vents to ducts.
29.Fit centre and LH fascia top crash rail support
brackets.
30.Fit all other components removed to gain access
to wiper motor and wheelboxes.
31.Reconnect battery, check wiper motor operation
again and adjust wiper arms, if necessary.REAR WIPER MOTOR
Service repair no - 84.35.12
Remove
1.With assistance, unscrew 3 retaining nuts and
remove spare wheel from rear door mounting
studs.
2.Lift wiper arm end cap to gain access to securing
nut.
3.Remove nut and withdraw wiper arm from drive
spindle.
4.Remove retaining nut, plain washer and rubber
washer securing wiper motor drive spindle to
door.
5.Remove 2 screws and remove cover from wiper
motor mounting bracket.
6.Disconnect wiper motor harness multi-plug.
7.Remove bolt, with rubber washer, and detach
wiper motor, complete with mounting bracket,
from rear door.

ELECTRICAL
1
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Description
The electrical system is Negative ground, and it is
most important to ensure correct polarity of electrical
connections at all times. Any incorrect connections
made when reconnecting cables may cause
irreparable damage to semi-conductor devices used in
generator and regulator. Incorrect polarity would also
seriously damage any transistorized equipment such
as a radio.
WARNING: During battery removal or
before carrying out any repairs or
maintenance to electrical components
always disconnect battery negative lead first. If
positive lead is disconnected with negative lead in
place, accidental contact of wrench to any
grounded metal part could cause a severe spark,
possibly resulting in personal injury. Upon
installation of battery positive lead should be
connected first.
GENERATOR
The generator is a three phase, field sensed unit. The
rotor and stator windings produce three phase
alternating current, AC, which is rectified to direct
current, DC. The electronic voltage regulator unit
controls generator output voltage by high frequency
switching of the rotor field circuit. Use only correct
replacement drive belt. Occasionally check that
engine and generator pulleys are accurately aligned.
It is essential that good electrical connections are
maintained at all times. Of particular importance are
those in the charging circuit (including those at
battery) which should be occasionally inspected to
see that they are clean and tight. In this way any
significant increase in circuit resistance can be
prevented.Do not disconnect battery cables while engine is
running or damage to semi-conductor devices may
occur. It is also inadvisable to break or make any
connections in the generator charging and control
circuits while engine is running.
The electronic voltage regulator employs micro-circuit
techniques resulting in improved performance under
difficult service conditions. The whole assembly is
encapsulated in silicone rubber and housed in an
aluminium heat sink, ensuring complete protection
against adverse effects of temperature, dust, and
moisture etc.
The regulating voltage is set during manufacture to
give required regulating voltage range of 14.2±0.2
volts, and no adjustment is necessary. The only
maintenance needed is occasional check on terminal
connections and wiping with a clean dry cloth.
The generator system provides for direct connection
of a charge (ignition) indicator warning lamp, and
eliminates the need for a field switching relay or
warning light control unit. In the event of bulb failure,
an 'exciter' voltage is supplied through a resistor,
wired in parallel to the bulbs, ensuring that generator
output is maintained. The lamp should be checked
regularly.
When using rapid charge equipment to re-charge
battery, the battery must be disconnected from the
vehicle.

86ELECTRICAL
2
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION VEHICLE IMMOBILISATION AND ALARM SYSTEM
A sophisticated engine immobilisation and anti-theft
alarm system is offered on the Land Rover Defender
300 Tdi vehicle range, which incorporates the
following features:
Perimeter protection
This part of the alarm system protects side doors,
bonnet and rear door against unauthorised entry -
alarm sounding if any one of these apertures is
opened without alarm first being disarmed.
Interior protection
Also known as volumetric protection, this part of the
system protects space inside the vehicle. Once
armed, the alarm will sound if a door is opened, or if
movement is detected inside the vehicle.
Engine immobilisation
The engine is immobilised electronically whenever the
alarm system is armed. Even if the alarm has not
been armed, engine immobilisation will occur
automatically thirty seconds after the driver's door is
opened, or five minutes after the starter switch is
turned to position '0'.
ALARM SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Electronic control unit (ECU)
The ECU is the alarm system brain and controls all
vehicle immobilisation and alarm functions. It
responds to the inputs received, by supplying suitable
outputs to indicate status of the alarm system or
activating relevant warning devices. unit is located
under fascia behind instrument binnacle.
Handset and key
The handset is the primary source of control for the
alarm system i.e. it arms and disarms the alarm
components. The key can be used to override engine
immoblisation if the handset is lost or fails to operate,
seeEngine immobilisation override.The handset battery should last for approximately
three years dependent upon use. The following
symptoms will be noticed when the battery requires
replacement:
1.The handset will only work every other operation
while disarming.
2.The direction indicator lamps will not flash when
the alarm is disarmed.
For battery replacement procedure, seeHandset
Battery.
Passive coil
The passive coil is fitted on the starter switch and
activates a receiving coil in the handset, causing it to
automatically transmit a remobilisation signal to the
ECU.
Aerial
The aerial is integral within the alarm system harness
and supplies the ECU with the signal received from
handset.
Immobilisation spider
The immobilisation spider provides an interface
between ECU and immobilised areas of the vehicle.
This is installed in a sealed (safe) box inside the
vehicle battery box.
Digital diesel shut-off valve - 97 MY
When fitted, the digital diesel shut-off valve
immobilises the fuel injection pump by preventing
power reaching the fuel shut-off solenoid,
See
Immobilisation and alarm system circuit diagram -
with DDS
.

ELECTRICAL
3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Door and bonnet switches
Perimetric protection for the vehicle is provided by
ECU inputs connected to the starter switch, bonnet
switch and door switches.
Ultrasonic sensor
The ultrasonic sensor operates by emitting an air
pressure carrier wave which is subsequently received
by the sensor as it bounces back from objects inside
the vehicle. Once armed, the alarm will sound if wave
is disturbed by a door opening, or if movement is
detected inside the vehicle.
When the volumetric sensor is activated it monitors
movement within the vehicle for 15 seconds before
detecting and responding to intrusions. If the sensor
detects movement it delays arming until a quiet period
has lapsed; if continuous movement is detected, the
alarm will not arm volumetrically.
NOTE: Interior protection will not operate
until 15 seconds after alarm is set.
The ultrasonic sensor is positioned in a different
location, according to vehicle type, as follows:
·90/110 Station Wagon - RH cantrail trim
·90/110 Pick-up - On headlining, between interior
lamp and rear view mirror
·130 Crewcab - On headlining above RH door
Alarm sounder
Two types of alarm sounder can be fitted, one with a
battery back-up facility and or without battery back-up,
both providing an audible warning whenever the alarm
is triggered. The vehicle horn will also operate if the
alarm sounds.
The alarm sounder is fitted to LH inner front wing in
the engine compartment.
NOTE: Disconnecting the battery on
vehicles fitted with the battery backed-up
facility will result in the alarm sounding, if
correct procedure has not been followed.Engine immobilisation warning light
The engine immobilisation warning light is located on
the instrument panel, and provides a visual indication
that the engine is immobilised.
Anti-theft alarm indicator light
The anti-theft alarm indicator light is located on the
instrument panel, between the fuel and coolant
temperature indicators, and provides a visual
indication of the alarm/ immobiliser status.

86ELECTRICAL
4
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION REV: 05/99 ALARM SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION
COMPONENT LOCATION
1. Electronic control unit (ECU) Under dash, LH and RH drive
2. Anti-theft alarm indicator light Instrument panel
3. Engine immobilisation warning light Instrument panel
4. Immobilisation spider* Inside vehicle battery box
5. Passive coil Over starter switch barrel
6. Bonnet switch Engine compartment, LH and RH drive
7. Door switches
8. Ultrasonic sensor Varies according to vehicle type
9. Handset and key
10. Alarm sounder (without battery back-up) LH inner front wing
11. Alarm sounder (with battery back-up) LH inner front wing
* Replaced in some markets by a digital diesel shut-off valve (DDS), secured directly to fuel shut-off solenoid on
injection pump.