1994 MAZDA MX-5 steering

MANUAL STEERING N Rear cover 1. Apply grease to the outer race of the upper bearing and install it in the gear housing. 2. Install a new oil seal to the rear cover. 3. Apply sealant to the threads of the rear cover and install it into the gear housing. 4. Rotate the pinion to the left and right a few times to seat the bearing. 5. Tighten the rear cover so that the starting torque of the pinion is 200-350 g (7.1-12.3 oz} as checked by using the SST and a pull gauge. 6. Tighten the locknut. Do not allow the rear cover to turn. Tightening torque: 50--68 N-m (5.0-7.0 kgf.m, 37-50 ft.lbf} Adjusting cover 1. Carefully move the rack so that the pinion is set to the center (neutral position) of the rack gear as shown. 2. Install the roller assembly, needle roller, holder, dish springs, friction block, and the spring as shown. 3. Torque the adjusting cover to 9.8 N.m (1 kgf-m, 85 in.lbf), then loosen it 25O45". Use the SST to secure the adjusting cover and the locknut. Tightening torque: 40-58 N.m (4.CL6.0 kgf-m, 29--43 ft-lbf} 4. Measure the starting torque of the pinion by using the SST. Center position + 90" Pull gauge reading: 1,000-1,400 g (35-50 oz} Any other position Pull gauge reading: less than 1,700 g (60 or) 5. If not within specification, repeat steps 2 and 3. Gartner Banana

N ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING PREPARATION SST For removal of tie-rod end For installation of tie-rod end boot 49 01 1 8 850C Puller, ball joint Installer, boot For inspection of power steering fluid pressure For inspection of power steering fluid pressure - --- - - Gauge (Part of 49 1232 670A) Gauge set, power steering For inspection of power steering fluid pressure For inspection of power steering fluid pressure 49 H002 671 Adapter, power steering gauge dP--= &--- Valve body (Part of 49 1232 670A) For removal and installation of upper bearing For pressurize oil seal For removal of backup ring and oil seal For inspection of power steering fluid pressure 49 DO32 306 Support block For removal of upper bearing For pressurize oil seal For removal of backup ring and oil seal 49 DO32 304 Installer, oil seal and bearing Handle / For installtion of oil seal and center bearing 49 DO32 301 Installer body, oil seal and bearing 49 NO32 303 Remover, backup ring and oil seal 49 DO32 31 6 Protractor For removal of oil seal and center bearing For installation of adjusting cover 49 DO32 307 Remover, oil seal and bearing For installtion of oil seal 49 DO32 303 Attachment For installation of center bearing Attachment Gartner Banana

ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING N For installation of oil seal 49 NO32 301 Protector body, oil seal For installation of oil seal Guide, oil seal 0 49 NO32 305 Protector, backup ring and oil seal For installtion of steering rack assembly For installation of holder 49 NO32 304 Protector, oil seal 49 DO32 31 3 Seal ring former For formation of seal ring of pinion shaft 49 DO32 315 Former and guide, seal ring For formation of seal ring of control valve 49 DO32 31 0 Protector, pinion shaft For installation of plug assembly For pressurize upper bearing 49 DO32 305 Remover, oil seal and bearing 49 GO32 31 7 Hose For inspection of cylinder sealing For inspection of cylinder sealing For disassembly of oil pump For measurement of pinion torque Preload attachment Holder 49 9200 020 V-ribbed belt tension gauge For measurement of drive belt tention Gartner Banana

N ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Steering feels heavy - - Poor lubrication, foreign material, or abnormal wear of steering ball joint Stuck or damaged lower arm ball joints lmproper steering pinion preload Damaged steering gear Malfunctioning steering shaft joint Problem I lmproperly adjusted wheel alignment Possible Cause 1 Malfunctioning steering gear lncorrect tire pressure Loose or damaged oil pump drive belt Low fluid level or air in fluid I Leakage of fluid I Insufficient oil pump pressure Steering wheel pulls lncorrect tire pressure to one side Unevenly worn tires ( Weak front spring General instability while driving Worn or damaged stabilizer and/or upper or lower arm bushing Dragging brake Loose lower arm lmproperly adjusted wheel alignment lncorrect tire pressure Damaged or unbalanced wheel Worn or damaged steering joint(s) lmproper steering pinion preload Weak front coil spring Worn or damaged stabilizer and/or upper or lower arm bushing Malfunctioning shock absorber Cracked or worn engine mount Cracked or worn transmission mount Shake (Steering wheel vibrates up/ down) Shimmy (Steering wheel vibrates left1 right) lmproperly adjusted wheel alignment Excessive tire and/or wheel runout Loose lug nuts Unbalanced wheel(s) Excessive steering wheel play Poor steering wheel return Cracked or worn steering gear mount Loose steering gear mounting bolts Stuck or damaged steering ball joint Excessive tire and/or wheel runout Loose lug nuts Unbalanced wheel@) lncorrect tire pressure Unevenly worn tires Malfunctioning shock absorber Loose shock absorber mounting bolts Stuck or damaged lower arm ball joint Cracked or worn suspension bushings Damaged or worn front wheel bearing lmproperly adjusted front wheel alignment Worn steering gear Worn or damaged steering joints Worn or damaged lower arm bushing Loose steering gear mounting bolts Worn linkage or tie-rod ball joint lncorrect tire pressure Stuck or damaged steering joints lmproperly adjusted front wheel alignment lmproper steering pinion preload Ball joint not operating smoothly Steering shaft contacting something Action Lubricate or replace Replace Adjust Replace Replace Adjust Replace Adjust Adjust or replace Add fluid or bleed air Repair or replace Replace Adjust Replace Replace Replace Repair Tighten or replace Adjust Adjust Adjust or replace Replace Adjust Replace Replace Replace Adjust Replace Tighten Adjust or replace Replace Replace Replace Tighten Replace Replace Tighten Adjust or replace Adjust Replace Replace Tighten Replace Replace Replace Adjust Replace Replace Replace Tighten Replace Adjust Replace Adjust Adjust Replace Repair Pagelsection N-25 section R N-32 N-25 N- 9 section R N-25 section Q N-37 N-21,22 - N-34 section Q section Q section R section R section P section R section R section Q section Q N- 9 N-32 section R section R section R section R section Q section Q section Q section B section J N-26 N-25 N-25 section Q section Q section Q section Q section Q section R section R section R section R section M section R N-25 N- 9 section R N-25 N-25 section Q N- 9 section R N-32 N-25 N- 9 Gartner Banana

ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING N TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE (CONT'D) Possible Cause I Problem Abnormal noise from steering system Loose oil pump Loose steering gear Loose oil pump bracket Drive belt loosettight Air in system Malfunctioning steering gear Malfunctioning oil pump Obstruction near steering column or pressure hose Loose steering linkage Worn steering joints Action Tighten Tighten Tighten Adjust Bleed air Replace Replace Repair or replace Tighten or replace Replace PageISection section B N-25 N- 9 N- 9 25UONX41 AIR BLEEDING 1. Check the fluid level. (Refer to page N-22.) 2. Turn the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times with the engine not running. 3. Recheck the fluid level. If it has dropped, add fluid. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the fluid level stabilizes. 5. Start the engine and let it idle. 6. Turn the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times. 7. Verify that the fluid is not foamy and that the fluid level has not dropped. 8. Add fluid if necessary, and repeat steps 6 and 7. Gartner Banana

ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING POWER STEERING FLUID Inspection Fluid level 1. Verify that the fluid level is between the H and L marks. 2. Add the specified power steering fluid if it is below the L mark. Remove the fluid if it is above the H mark. Fluid specification: ATF ~exron~11 or M-111 , I 25UONX-015 Fluid leakage Caution Never hold the steering wheel to the extreme left or right for more than five seconds with the engine running. This could damage the power steering pump. Start the engine and let it idle. Turn the steering wheel fully left and fully right to apply fluid pressure. Inspect the points shown in the figure for fluid leakage. Gartner Banana

ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING N THERMOMETER GAUGE (50"--60°C (1 22-1 40°F)) / THERMOMETER GAUGE (50"--60°C {I 22-140°F)) / Fluid pressure 1. Assemble the SST as shown in the figure. Tightening torque: 40-49 N-m i4.0-5.0 kgf-m, 2%--36 ft.lbf) 2. Mark both hose connections to ensure that the hose is reinstalled in its original position. 3. Disconnect the pressure hose from the oil pump. Attach the SST. 4. Bleed the air from the system. (Refer to page N-21.) 5. Open the gauge valve fully. Start the engine and turn the steering wheel fully left and right to raise the fluid temper- ature to 50-60°C (122-140°F). Caution Do not let the valve stay closed for more than 5 seconds. The increase in fluid temperature will damage the oil pump. 6. Close the gauge valve completely. Increase the engine speed to 1,000-1,500 rpm and measure the fluid pres- sure generated by the oil pump. If the pressure is not within specification, replace the oil pump assembly. Oil pump fluid pressure: 7,601--8,335 kPa (77.5--85.0 kgf/cm2, 1 ,I 03-1,208 psi) 7. Open the gauge valve fully and increase the engine speed to 1,000-1,500 rpm. Gartner Banana

N ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING Caution Never hold the steering wheel to the extreme left or right for more than five seconds with the engine running. This could damage the power steering d pump- 8. Turn the steering wheel fully to the left and right and measure the fluid pressure generated by the gear hous- ing. If the pressure is not within specification, replace the gear housing assembly. Gear housing fluid pressure: 7,601--8,335 kPa (77.545.0 kgflcm2, 1,103-1,208 psi) 9. Remove the gauge set. Install and tighten the pressure hose to the specified torque. Tightening torque: 3247 N.m (3.24.8 kgf.m, 24--34 ft.lbf} 10. Bleed the air from the system. (Refer to page N-21.) STEERING WHEEL AND COLUMN Obtain the code number and deactivate the audio anti- theft system before disconnecting the battery. (Refer to section T.) On-vehicle Inspection -1 Steering wheel effort 1. With the vehicle on a hard, level surface, put the wheels in the straight-ahead position. 2. Start the engine and warm the power steering fluid to 50--60°C (1 22-1 40°F). 3. With the engine running at idle, attach a pull scale to the outermost point of the steering wheel spoke. Then, starting with the wheels in the straight-ahead posi- tion, measure the effort required to turn the steering wheel to the left and to the right. Steering wheel effort: 2635 N (2.63.6 kgf, 5.3-7.9 Ibf) (during one turn of the steering wheel) 2 4. If not within specification, check the following: fluid level, air in system, fluid leakage at hose or connections, func- tion of oil pump and steering gear, and tire pressure. Gartner Banana