1993 CHEVROLET DYNASTY oil level

cle and or engine application the Saginaw T/C style
power steering pump is used on, it will be equipped
with a plastic integral or remote mounted power
steering fluid reservoir. Drive tangs on the power steering gear pinion, mate
loosely with the stub shaft of the steering gear. This
will allow manual steering control to be maintained, if
the drive belt on the power steering pump should
break. However, under these conditions, steering effort
will significantly increase.
STEERING COMPONENTS SERVICE DIAGNOSIS
POWER STEERING PUMP SERVICE
The service procedures for the Saginaw power steer-
ing pump are limited to the areas and components
listed below. No repair procedures are to be done
on internal components of the Saginaw power
steering pumps.
² Repair of power steering fluid leaks from areas of
the power steering pump sealed by O-rings is allowed
(See Pump Leak Diagnosis). However power steering
pump shaft seal leakage will require replacement of
the pump.
² Power steering fluid reservoirs, related components
and attaching hardware.
² Power steering fluid reservoir filler cap/dipstick as-
semblies. Because of unique shaft bearings, flow control levels
or pump displacements, power steering pumps may be
used only on specific vehicle applications. Be sure that
all power steering pumps are only replaced with a
pump that is the correct replacement for that specific
application. Hydraulic pressure is provided for operation of the
power steering gear by the belt driven power steering
pumps (Fig . 1 & 2). It is a constant displacement, vane
type pump. The power steering pump is connected to
the steering gear by a power steering fluid pressure
hose and return hose.
Rectangular pumping vanes in the shaft driven rotor,
move power steering fluid from the intake to the cam ring
pressure cavities of the power steering pump. As the rotor
begins to turn, centrifugal force throws the vanes against
the inside surface of the cam ring to pickup residual oil.
This oil is then forced into the high pressure area. As more
oil is picked up by the vanes. That additional oil is forced
into the cavities of the thrust plate through two crossover
holes in the cam ring and pressure plate. The crossover
holes empty into the high pressure area between the
pressure plate and the housing end cover.
As the high pressure area is filled, oil flows under
the vanes in the rotor slots, forcing the vanes to follow
the inside surface of the cam ring. As the vanes
reach the restricted area of the cam ring, oil is
forced out from between the vanes. When excess oil
flow is generated during high-speed operation, a regu-
lated amount of oil returns to the pump intake side
through a flow control valve. The flow control valve
reduces the power required to drive the pump
and holds down temperature build-up.
Fig. 1 Saginaw Ham Can Power Steering Pump
Fig. 2 Saginaw T/C Style Power Steering Pump
19 - 2 STEERING Ä

When steering conditions exceed maximum pres-
sure requirements, such as when the wheels are
turned against the stops. The pressure built up in
the steering gear exerts pressure on the spring end of
the flow control valve. The high pressure lifts the re-
lief valve ball from its seat and allows oil to flow
through a trigger orifice located in the outlet fitting.
This reduces pressure on the spring end of the flow
control valve which then opens and allows the oil to
return to the intake side of the pump. This action
limits maximum pressure output of the pump to a
safe level. Under normal power steering pump operating con-
ditions, pressure requirements of the pump are below
maximum, causing the pressure relief valve to re-
main closed.
CHECKING POWER STEERING FLUID LEVEL
WARNING: FLUID LEVEL SHOULD BE CHECKED
WITH ENGINE OFF TO PREVENT INJURY FROM
MOVING PARTS. DO NOT USE AUTOMATIC TRANS-
MISSION FLUID IN THE POWER STEERING SYS-
TEM. DO NOT OVERFILL THE POWER STEERING
SYSTEM.
Wipe reservoir filler cap free of dirt, before check-
ing power steering fluid level. The dipstick should in- dicate FULL COLD when fluid is at normal ambient
temperature, approximately 21ÉC to 27ÉC (70ÉF to
80ÉF). In all pumps add fluid as necessary to obtain
proper level, using only MopartPower Steering
Fluid, or equivalent. DO NOT USE ANY TYPE
OF AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUID.
POWER STEERING PUMP PRESSURE TEST
The following procedure can be used to test the op-
eration of the power steering system on the vehicle. (1) Check power steering pump drive belt tension
and adjust as necessary. (2) Disconnect power steering fluid pressure hose,
at steering gear or power steering pump. Use a con-
tainer for dripping fluid. (3) Connect Pressure Gauge, Special Tool C-3309-E
(Fig. 1) to both hoses using adapter fittings. Connect
spare pressure hose to gear or pump. (4) Completely open valve on Special Tool
C-3309-E (Fig. 1). (5) Start engine and let idle.
(6) Check power steering fluid level, and add fluid
as necessary. (7) Gauge should read below 862 kPa (125 psi), if
above, inspect the hoses for restrictions and repair as
necessary. The initial pressure should be in the
range of 345-552 kPa (50-80 psi).
PUMP LEAKAGE DIAGNOSIS
Ä STEERING 19 - 9

INSTALL
(1) Install power steering pressure switch into fit-
ting on power steering pressure hose by hand until
fully seated. Then torque power steering pressure
switch to 12 N Im (106 in. lbs.).
(2) Install vehicle wiring harness connector onto
power steering pressure switch. Be sure latch on wir-
ing harness connector is fully engaged with locking
tab on power steering pressure switch.
CAUTION: Do not use automatic transmission fluid
in power steering system. Only use Mopar T, Power
Steering Fluid, or equivalent.
(3) Fill power steering pump reservoir to correct
fluid level. (4) Connect negative cable back on negative post of
battery. (5) Start engine and turn steering wheel several
times from stop to stop to bleed air from fluid in sys-
tem. Stop engine, check fluid level, and inspect sys-
tem for leaks. See Checking Fluid Level.
POWER STEERING HOSES
Service all power steering hoses with the vehicle
raised on a hoist. Cap all open ends of hoses, power
steering pump fittings and steering gear ports to pre-
vent entry of foreign material into the components.
WARNING: POWER STEERING OIL, ENGINE PARTS
AND EXHAUST SYSTEM MAY BE EXTREMELY HOT
IF ENGINE HAS BEEN RUNNING. DO NOT START
ENGINE WITH ANY LOOSE OR DISCONNECTED
HOSES. DO NOT ALLOW HOSES TO TOUCH HOT
EXHAUST MANIFOLD OR CATALYST.
For part reference and part location on the vehicle
being serviced, refer to Figs. 3 to 6. These show the
hose bracket locations, hose routings and fitting loca-
tions by the engine application of the vehicle. Use
these figure numbers when referring to the removal
or installation procedures for the power steering
hoses listed below.
REMOVAL
(1) Remove vehicle's wiring harness connector (if
applicable to vehicle being serviced) from the power
steering pressure switch (Fig .1&2).
(2) Remove bolts from power steering hose routing
brackets to crossmember attachment points. (3) Disconnect power steering hose at opening clos-
est to power steering gear assembly. Drain power
steering fluid from power steering pump and hose
through open end of hose. (4) Disconnect opposite end of hose and remove
power steering hose assembly from vehicle. (5) Discard O-ring or sealing washer located at end
of tube. (6) Remove power steering pressure switch, from
the removed power steering hose for installation into
the replacement power steering hose.
INSTALLATION
(1) Install the removed power steering pressure
switch into replacement power steering pressure
hose. Torque power steering pressure switch to 12
N Im (106 in. lbs.).
Fig. 3 Power Steering Hose Routing 2.2 & 2.5L
Fig. 4 Power Steering Hose Routing 3.0L
Ä STEERING 19 - 11

(10) Connect negative cable back on negative post
of battery. (11) Start engine and turn steering wheel several
times from stop to stop to bleed air from fluid in sys-
tem. Stop engine, check fluid level, and inspect sys-
tem for leaks. See Checking Fluid Level.
3.0 LITER
REMOVE
(1) REMOVE THE (-) NEGATIVE BATTERY CA-
BLE FROM THE BATTERY AND ISOLATE CA-
BLE. (2) Remove the serpentine accessory drive belt
from engine (Fig. 4). See Cooling, Group 7 for de-
tailed removal procedure.
(3) Remove the hose clamp and bolt mounting the
power steering pump filler tube and dipstick assem-
bly (Fig. 5) to power steering pump and generator
bracket. Remove filler tube and dipstick assembly
from power steering pump. (4) Raise vehicle See Hoisting, Group 0.
(5) Remove the 2 nut, bolt and spring assemblies
attaching the exhaust pipe to exhaust manifold. Re-
move exhaust pipe from exhaust manifold and move
to left side of vehicle. This is required for clear-
ance to remove power steering pump from vehi-
cle. (6) Remove vehicle's wiring harness connector (if
applicable to vehicle being serviced) from the power
steering pressure switch (Fig. 6). (7) Put oil drain pan under vehicle to catch power
steering fluid. Remove hose clamp and low pressure
fluid hose, from power steering gear fluid tube (Fig.
7). Allow excess power steering fluid to drain from
power steering pump and hose. (8) Loosen the high pressure power steering fluid
line fitting at the power steering pump (Fig. 7). Then
remove high pressure power steering fluid line from
power steering pump. (9) Remove nut holding the power steering pump
rear support bracket to pump (Fig. 8). Then remove
the 2 bolts (Fig. 7) mounting the power steering
pump support bracket to engine and remove bracket
from vehicle. (10) Remove the 2 bolts that mount the front of
the power steering pump to the mounting plate (Fig.
9). Access to the mounting bolts is through the holes
in power steering pump pulley using a deep well
socket. (11) Remove the power steering pump and pulley
assembly from vehicle. Remove pump assembly from
vehicle in area between floor pan and front suspen-
sion crossmember. Pump will fit through area of ex-
haust pipe tunnel in floor pan.
Fig. 4 3.0L Serpentine Drive Belt Routing
Fig. 5 Power Steering Pump Filler Tube/Dipstick Assembly
Fig. 6 Power Steering Pressure Switch Location 3.0L
19 - 14 STEERING Ä

(15) Start engine and turn steering wheel several
times from stop to stop to bleed air from fluid in sys-
tem. Stop engine, check fluid level, and inspect sys-
tem for leaks. See Checking Fluid Level.
3.3 & 3.8 LITER
REMOVE
(1) Remove the (-) negative battery cable from the
battery and isolate cable. (2) Remove the serpentine accessory drive belt
from engine (Fig. 10). See Cooling, Group 7 for de-
tailed removal procedure.
(3) Raise vehicle See Hoisting, Group 0.
(4) Remove vehicle's wiring harness connector (if
applicable to vehicle being serviced) from the power
steering pressure switch (Fig. 11).
(5) Put oil drain pan under vehicle to catch power
steering fluid. Remove hose clamp and low pressure
fluid hose from power steering pump (Fig. 12). (6) Remove hose clamp and hose to the power steer-
ing pump, from the remote fluid reservoir (Fig. 13).
Drain off excess power steering fluid from hoses.
(7) Remove the power steering, fluid pressure line
(Fig. 12) from the power steering pump. Drain excess
power steering fluid from tube. (8) Remove right front wheel and tire from vehicle.
This will aid in access to the power steering pump
mounting bolts. (9) Remove the 3 bolts holding the power steering
pump to the generator, power steering and belt ten-
sioner mounting bracket (Fig. 14). (10) Remove nut and bolt holding the engine block,
to power steering pump support strut. Remove strut
from engine and power steering pump (Fig. 14) Lay
the power steering pump assembly down on top
of the steering gear. It will be removed later from
the top. (11) Remove nut which holds serpentine drive belt
tensioner to its mounting bracket (Fig. 15). Remove
tensioner assembly from bracket.
Fig. 10 Serpentine Drive Belt Routing
Fig. 11 Power Steering Pressure Switch Location 3.3 & 3.8L
Fig. 12 Power Steering Hose Routing 3.3 & 3.8L
Fig. 13 Power Steering Remote Fluid Reservoir And Tube
19 - 16 STEERING Ä

(18) Lower vehicle.
(19) Install the serpentine drive belt. Refer to (Fig.
10) for correct serpentine belt routing. See Cooling,
Group 7 for detailed installation procedure.
CAUTION: Do not use automatic transmission fluid
in power steering system. Only use Mopar T, Power
Steering Fluid, or equivalent.
(20) Fill power steering pump reservoir to correct
fluid level. (21) Connect the negative battery cable on the
negative battery post. (22) Start engine and turn steering wheel several
times from stop to stop to bleed air from fluid in sys-
tem. Stop engine, check fluid level, and inspect sys-
tem for leaks. See Checking Fluid Level.
TURBO III
REMOVE
(1) Disconnect the battery (-) negative cable from
the battery and isolate cable. (2) Raise vehicle See Hoisting, Group 0. Put oil
drain pan under vehicle to catch power steering
fluid. (3) Remove the right front underhood splash shield
for access to the serpentine belt tensioner. (4) Release the tension on the serpentine drive belt
tensioner and remove drive belt from power steering
pump pulley (Fig. 20). Drive belt does not have to be
fully removed from engine.
(5) Remove the power steering fluid return hose at
the steering gear metal tube. Let power steering
fluid drain from the hose and power steering pump
into drain pan. (6) Remove the high pressure fluid line banjo bolt
fitting from the power steering pump. Remove high
pressure power steering fluid line from the power
steering pump. (7) Remove the lower power steering pump to
bracket mounting nut and fluid hose routing clip. Re-
move the 2 bolts and the stud attaching the power
steering pump to its mounting bracket (Fig. 21).
(8) Lower vehicle.
(9) Remove the wiring harness electrical connector
from the H-valve on the air conditioning fluid lines. (10) Remove the power steering pump from the ve-
hicle out through the area between the cylinder head
and the dash panel (Fig. 22).
(11) Transfer the required components from the
failed power steering pump to the replacement power
steering pump. See the appropriate area of this ser-
vice manual section for the component replacement
procedures.
Fig. 20 Turbo III Accessory Drive Belt Routing
Fig. 21 Power Steering Pump Mounting
Fig. 22 Power Steering Pump Removal From Vehicle
Ä STEERING 19 - 19

THREE SPEED TORQUEFLITE AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE INDEX
page page
Accumulator-Recondition ................... 67
Aluminum Thread Repair ................... 48
Assembly Subassembly Installation ........... 57
Band Adjustment ......................... 47
Bearing Adjustment Procedures .............. 81
Clutch and Servo Air Pressure Tests .......... 43
Differential Repair ........................ 76
Disassembly Subassembly Removal .......... 50
Fluid and Filter Change .................... 40
Fluid Drain and Refill ..................... 40
Fluid Leakage-Transaxle Torque Converter Housing Area .......................... 44
Fluid Level and Condition .................. 40
Front Clutch-Recondition ................... 62
Front Planetary & Annulus Gear-Recondition .... 65
Gearshift Linkage Adjustment ............... 46
General Information ....................... 35
Governor ............................... 48
Hydraulic Control Pressure Adjustments ....... 47
Hydraulic Pressure Tests ................... 42
Kickdown Servo (Controlled Load)-Recondition . . 67 Low/Reverse Servo-Recondition
.............. 66
Oil Cooler Flow Check .................... 48
Oil Coolers and Tubes Reverse Flushing ...... 48
Oil Pump-Recondition ..................... 62
Output Shaft Repair ...................... 71
Park/Neutral Position and Back-Up Lamp Switch . 47
Parking Pawl ............................ 71
Pump Oil Seal-Replacement ................ 61
Rear Clutch-Recondition ................... 64
Road Test .............................. 40
Selection of Lubricant ..................... 40
Special Additives ......................... 40
Three Speed Torqueflite General Diagnosis ..... 36
Throttle Pressure Linkage Adjustment ......... 46
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid Wiring Connector ............................ 40
Transaxle and Torque Converter Removal ...... 48
Transfer Shaft Repair ..................... 68
Valve Body-Recondition .................... 57
Vehicle Speed Sensor Pinion Gear ........... 47
GENERAL INFORMATION
Safety goggles should be worn at all times
when working on these transaxles. This transaxle combines a fully automatic 3 speed
transmission, final drive gearing, and differential into
a front wheel drive system. The unit is a Metric
design. The identification markings and usage of the
transaxle are charted in Diagnosis and Tests. Transaxle operation requirements are differ-
ent for each vehicle and engine combination and
some internal parts will be different to provide
for this. Therefore, when replacing parts, refer to
the seven digit part number stamped on rear of
the transaxle oil pan flange. Within this transaxle, there are 3 primary areas:
(1) Main center line plus valve body.
(2) Transfer shaft center line (includes governor and
parking sprag). (3) Differential center line. Center distances be-
tween the main rotating parts in these 3 areas are held
precise. This maintains a low noise level through
smooth accurate mesh of the gears. The torque converter, transaxle area, and differential
are housed in an integral aluminum die casting. The
differential oil sump is common with thetransaxle
sump. Separate filling of the differential is NOT nec-
essary. The torque converter is attached to the crankshaft
through a flexible driving plate. Cooling of the con-
verter is accomplished by circulating the transaxle
fluid through an oil-to-water type cooler located in the
radiator side tank and/or an oil-to air heat ex- changer. The torque converter assembly is a sealed
unit that cannot be disassembled.
The transaxle fluid is filtered by an internal filter
attached to the lower side of the valve body assem-
bly. Engine torque is transmitted to the torque con-
verter then, through the input shaft to multiple-disc
clutches in the transaxle. The power flow depends on
the application of the clutches and bands. Refer to
Elements in Use Chart in Diagnosis and Tests sec-
tion. The transaxle consists of two multiple-disc
clutches, an overrunning clutch, two servos, a hy-
draulic accumulator, two bands, and two planetary
gear sets. They provide three forward ratios and a re-
verse ratio. The common sun gear of the planetary
gear sets is connected to the front clutch by a driving
shell. The drive shell is splined to the sun gear and
to the front clutch retainer. The hydraulic system
consists of an oil pump, and a single valve body
which contains all of the valves except the governor
valves. The transaxle sump and differential sump are
both vented through the dipstick.Output torque
from the main center line is delivered through heli-
cal gears to the transfer shaft.This gear set is a
factor of the final drive (axle) ratio. The shaft also
carries the governor and parking sprag. An integral
helical gear on the transfer shaft drives the differen-
tial ring gear. The final drive gearing is completed
with one of three gear sets producing overall top gear
ratios of 2.78, 3.02, or 3.22 depending on model and
application.
Ä TRANSAXLE 21 - 35

TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH
The torque converter clutch is standard on all ve-
hicles. It is activated only in direct drive and is con-
trolled by the engine electronics. A solenoid on the
valve body, is powered by the powertrain control mod-
ule to activate torque converter clutch.
HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM
The hydraulic control circuits show the position of
the various valves. They indicate those under hydrau-
lic pressure for all operations of the transaxle. The hydraulic control system makes the transaxle
fully automatic, and has four important functions to
perform. In a general way, the components of any
automatic control system may be grouped into the
following basic groups: The pressure supply system, the pressure regulating
valves, the flow control valves, the clutches, and band
servos. Taking each of these basic groups or systems in turn,
the control system may be described as follows:
PRESSURE SUPPLY SYSTEM
The pressure supply system consists of an oil pump
driven by the engine through the torque converter. The
single pump furnishes pressure for all the hydraulic
and lubrication requirements. Oil pump housing
assemblies are available with preselected pump
gears.
PRESSURE REGULATING VALVES
The pressure regulating valve controls line pressure
dependent on throttle opening. The governor valve
transmits regulated pressure to the valve body (in
conjunction with vehicle speed) to control upshift and
downshift. The throttle valve transmits regulated pressure to
the transaxle (dependent on throttle position) to con-
trol upshift and downshift.
FLOW CONTROL VALVES
The manual valve provides the different transaxle
drive ranges as selected by the vehicle operator. The 1-2 shift valve automatically shifts the transaxle
from first to second or from second to first, depending
on the vehicle operation. The 2-3 shift valve automatically shifts the transaxle
from second to third or from third to second depending
on the vehicle operation. The kickdown valve makes possible a forced down-
shift from third to second, second to first, or third to
first (depending on vehicle speed). This can be done by
depressing the accelerator pedal past the detent ``feel''
near wide open throttle. The shuttle valve has two separate functions and
performs each independently of the other. The first
provides fast release of the kickdown band, and
smooth front clutch engagement, when the driver makes a
lift-footupshift from second to third. The
second function of the shuttle valve is to regulate the
application of the kickdown servo and band when
making third to second kickdown. The by-pass valve provides for smooth application of
the kickdown band on 1-2 upshifts. The torque converter clutch solenoid allows for the
electronic control of the clutch inside the torque con-
verter. It also disengages the torque converter at closed
throttle, during engine warm-up, and during part-
throttle acceleration. The switch valve directs oil to apply the torque
converter clutch in one position and releases the torque
converter clutch in the other position.
CLUTCH, BAND SERVO, AND ACCUMULATOR
The front and rear clutch pistons, and both servo
pistons are moved hydraulically to engage the clutches
and apply the bands. The pistons are released by
spring tension when hydraulic pressure is released. On
the 2-3 upshift, the kickdown servo piston is released
by spring tension and hydraulic pressure. The accumulator controls the hydraulic pressure on
the apply side of the kickdown servo during the 1-2
upshift; thereby, cushioning the kickdown band appli-
cation at any throttle position.
GEARSHIFT AND PARKING LOCK CONTROLS
The transaxle is controlled by a lever typegearshift
incorporated within the console or the steering column.
The control has six selector lever positions: P (park), R
(reverse), N (neutral), and D (drive), 2 (second), and 1
(first). The parking lock is applied by moving the
selector lever past a gate to the Pposition. Do not
apply the parking lock until the vehicle has
stopped; otherwise, a severe banging noise will
occur.
THREE SPEED TORQUEFLITE GENERAL DIAGNO-
SIS
Automatic transaxle malfunctions may be caused by
four general conditions:
² Poor engine performance
² Improper adjustments
² Hydraulic malfunctions
² Mechanical malfunctions.
Diagnosis of these problems should always begin by
checking the easily accessible variables: fluid level and
condition, gearshift cable adjustment, and throttle
pressure cable adjustment. Then perform a road test to
determine if the problem has been corrected or that
more diagnosis is necessary. If the problem exists after
the preliminary tests and corrections are completed,
hydraulic pressure tests should be performed.
21 - 36 TRANSAXLE Ä