1992 VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER temperature

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GENERAL
MAINTENANCE

Winter
driving
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In winter the following points should be
noted:
• Winter weather is particularly hard on the
battery
and it should therefore be
checked,
preferably by a Volkswagen
dealer, before the onset of cold weather. If the vehicle is not driven for several weeks
when the temperatures are very low, the
battery
should be taken out - for
further
in­
formation see page 107.
• On a vehicle
with
a Diesel engine, winter
Diesel
must be used at temperatures below
0 degrees C - see page 87.
• The water should be drained out of the
Diesel
fuel
filter
before the onset of
winter.

This
operation is also included in the Lubri­ cation
Service.

• The anti-freeze in the cooling system should be checked before the cold
season
starts - see page 101.
• The engine oil viscosity must be correct for the ambient temperature - see page 99.
• Particularly in
winter,
frequent washing and waxing of the vehicle is the best way to protect it against harmful environmental in­

fluences.
• In winter the windscreen washer
sys­

tem should always be filled
with
a window
cleaning solution containing an anti-freeze
additive.
• To remove snow and ice
from
the win­ dows and mirrors, a plastic scraper should be used - see page 90.
• The road holding and handling can be im­ proved in winter road conditions by the use
of winter or All-weather tyres - see pages 114and146.
• When driving in mountainous districts in winter it is advisable to take snow chains

with
you. On some such roads, snow chains
are obligatory - see also page 114.
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Emission
control
system<122>

The exhaust emission control system effec­
tively reduces
the
amount
of
pollutants
in

the exhaust gas.
Petrol
engines

The main parts
of the
emission control
sys­

tem
are

•
a
mixture formation system which guar­ antees very exact composition
of
the air/pe­

trol
mixture
at all
engine speeds
•
the
catalytic converter
•
the
Lambda probe1'
The
catalytic
converter
is
installed
in

the exhaust system.
It
consists
of a
steel-
cased
ceramic
or
metal body containing
a
multitude
of
longitudinal
passages
which
are vapour coated
with
a
thin
layer
of
plati­
num
or
rhodium.
The exhaust gas flows through
the
catalytic converter
and
reacts
with
an
afterburning
process
when
it
contacts
the
precious
metal coating.

Lambda
=
Air/petrol relationship
)B19-
129
In
this process three pollutants (three-way
catalytic converter)
are
converted
as
fol­
lows.

• Carbon monoxide
to
carbon dioxide
• Hydrocarbons
to
water
• Nitrogen oxide
to
nitrogen
(four
fifths
of
the
air we
breathe
is
nitrogen).

A
stipulation
for the
proper functioning
of

the catalytic converter, however,
is
that
the
exhaust gas has
a
certain specific composi­

tion
and
minimum temperature when
it

enters
the
catalytic converter. To obtain this
composition, exact regulation
of the
fuel/air mixture
is
required. Avery exact regulation

is
obtained
with
a
Lambda probe. The Lambda
probe*
is
fitted
in the ex­

haust pipe where
it
measures
the
exhaust

gas
composition continuously. The informa­

tion
signal
is
fed
to
an electronic control
unit

which
in
turn
regulates
the
mixture forma­

tion
system so
that
the
mixture
is
kept
con­

stantly correct.
The exhaust emission control system tech­ nology
is so
well developed
that
no
addi­
tional maintenance whatsoever
is
required.

To
maintain
the
effectiveness
of the
emission
control system,
the
following
must
be
noted:
• Only
fill
up
with
unleaded petrol
- see
page
86.

• Never
run
tank completely empty
-
see page
85.

•
Do not
overfill engine
oil -
see page
98.

•
Do not
switch
off
ignition whilst driving - see page
39.

•
Do not tow
start vehicle
for
more than 50 m-see page 133.
137
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Attention
Due to high temperatures which
can occur in the catalytic
con­

verter in very unfavourable conditions, the vehicle should not be parked so that the catalyt­
ic converter can come into
con­

tact with inflammable materials.
If whilst driving, the engine mis­
fires, loses power and runs uneven­ ly,
this
could be due to a fault in the ignition system. In a
case
like this,
unburnt fuel can enter the exhaust
system and then escape to atmos­
phere.
Furthermore, the catalytic
converter could become damaged
due to overheating. The vehicle
speed must be reduced immediately
and the defect should be eliminated
at the nearest Volkswagen dealer.
Note
Even
in the
case
of a
perfectly working
ex­

haust emission control system there can, under certain engine operating conditions,
be
a
sulphur-type exhaust
smell.

This
depends upon
the
sulphur content
in
the fuel being
used.
Quite often this can
be
remedied
by
select­
ing another brand
of
fuel
or,
filling
up
with

unleaded premium petrol.
50
kW
Diesel
engine

An
oxidation catalytic converter
is
fitted
in

the exhaust system
of
this Diesel engine.
It
consists
of
a steel-cased ceramic body
con­

taining
a
multitude
of
longitudinal
passages

which are vapour coated
with
platinum. The catalytic converter largely eliminates
the
unpleasant smelling hydrocarbons
and

turns carbon monoxide
into
carbon dioxide.
In addition
an
exhaust
gas
turbocharger
forces
air
into
the
cylinder, causing
the
en­
gine
to
operate
with
a high
excess
of
air. The
fuel which is then injected in is so complete­ ly
burnt,
that
under
full
load soot is no longer
visible
in the
exhaust.

As
the
diesel engine catalytic converter
does
not get
hotter than
a
conventional
ex­
haust system, under normal conditions
there
is
nothing special
to be
noted, this

applies
also
to
parking.
The system does
not
require any additional

care
or
maintenance.
Activated
charcoal
filter*

Vehicles
with
a
regulated catalytic
con­

verter,
in
Germany
and
other export countries, have
a
fuel system which
in­

cludes
an activated charcoal
filter
(petrol va­pour accumulator).
The activated charcoal
filter
prevents
the

fuel vapour escaping
into
the
atmosphere.

These
vapours
pass
into
a
container filled

with
activated charcoal and, when
the en­
gine
is
stationary they
are
accumulated
in

the activated charcoal. When
the
engine
is
running,
the
container
is
automatically
ventilated
by
opening
a
valve
and the
fuel
vapour
is fed
into
the
engine
for
combus­
tion.
The system works completely automati­

cally
and
is
maintenance-free.
138
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ALPHABETICAL
INDEX

A
Acceleration
figures 142

Accessories
117 Activated charcoal
filter
138
Additional heater 62
Additional water heater 67
Adjusting brake pressure regulator . . 155
Adjusting headlights 128 Adjusting washer
jets
108

Air
cleaner 100

Air
conditioner 57

Air
distribution 55

Alloy
wheels 91

Analog
clock 46

Anti-dazzle
inside mirror 13
Anti-freeze 101 Anti-locking brake system (ABS) .... 30
Arduous operating conditions 115
Armrests 21

Ashtrays
73
ATF
99
Automatic gearbox 32
Automatic wash plants 88
Auxiliary heater 63
Axle
loads 148

B

Battery 106
Belt height adjustment 16
Blower
55
Bonnet 94
Brake
fluid
104
Brake
servo 30

Brake
system 104

Brake
warning lamp 48
Brakes
29, 139
c

Capacities
153

Capacity
141

Care
of body 88
Care
of car 88

Catalyst
137

Cavity
preservation 92
Central
locking system 8

Cetane
Number 87
Changing
bulbs 124

Changing
front
turn
signal bulb 125

Changing
wheels 120

Chassis
number 154
Checks
when
filling
the
tank
160

Child
safety 18

Child
seats 18
Child-proof catch 9 Cigarette lighter 73

Cleaning
and anti-corrosion
treatment
of engine compartment 91

Clock
46

Cold
starting aid 38

Combined
weight 151

Compression
ratio
141
Consumption figures 143

Coolant
additive 101
Coolant
level 47, 102
Coolant
temperature - Gauge 41

Cooling
system 101

Cruise
control system 53
D
Dash
panel 4

Dashboard
and controls 4
Defrosting windows 56, 58

Diesel
fuel 87
Dimensions
152
Dip lever 52
Dipstick - Automatic gearbox 99
- Engine 97
Direction indicators 48
Do-it-yourself 118

Door
locks 9

Doors
9 Drawbar weight 83
Driver's seat 20
Driving abroad 115
Driving on holiday 115
Driving safely 78 Driving tips 76

E

Electric
socket 73

Electric
window
lifters
12

Emergency
lights 51
Emergency
starting 130

Emission
control system 137
56
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