1991 MITSUBISHI MONTERO engine

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* E XH AU ST S YSTE M U NIF O RM IN SPEC TIO N G UID ELIN ES *

1 991 M it s u bis h i M onte ro
GENERAL INFORMATION
Exhaust Systems Motorist Assurance Program
Standards For Automotive Repair
All Makes and Models
INTRODUCTION TO MOTORIST ASSURANCE PROGRAM (MAP)
CONTENTS
Motorist Assurance Program (MAP)
OVERVIEW OF MOTORIST ASSURANCE PROGRAM
OVERVIEW OF SERVICE REQUIREMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS
Exhaust
CATALYTIC CONVERTERS
EXHAUST AND TAIL PIPES
EXHAUST CONNECTIONS
HANGERS
HEAT RISERS (MECHANICAL EFE DEVICES)
HEAT SHIELDS
MANIFOLDS (CAST AND TUBE TYPE)
MECHANICAL EFE DEVICES
MUFFLERS AND RESONATORS
INTRODUCTION TO MOTORIST ASSURANCE PROGRAM (MAP)
OVERVIEW OF MOTORIST ASSURANCE PROGRAM
The Motorist Assurance Program is the consumer outreach
effort of the Automotive Maintenance and Repair Association, Inc.
(AMRA). Participation in the Motorist Assurance Program is drawn from
retailers, suppliers, independent repair facilities, vehicle
manufacturers and industry associations.
Our organization's mission is to strengthen the relationship
between the consumer and the auto repair industry. We produce
materials that give motorists the information and encouragement to
take greater responsibility for their vehicles-through proper,
manufacturer-recommended, maintenance. We encourage participating
service and repair shops (including franchisees and dealers) to adopt
(1) a Pledge of Assurance to their Customers and (2) the Motorist
Assurance Program Standards of Service. All participating service
providers have agreed to subscribe to this Pledge and to adhere to the
promulgated Standards of Service demonstrating to their customers that
they are serious about customer satisfaction.
These Standards of Service require that an inspection of the
vehicle's (problem) system be made and the results communicated to the\
customer according to industry standards. Given that the industry did
not have such standards, the Motorist Assurance Program successfully
promulgated industry inspection communication standards in 1994-95 for
the following systems: Exhaust, Brakes, ABS, Steering and Suspension,
Engine Maintenance and Performance, HVAC, and Electrical Systems.
Further, revisions to all of these inspection communication standards
are continually re-published. In addition to these, standards for
Drive Train and Transmissions have recently been promulgated.
Participating shops utilize these Uniform Inspection & Communication

Standards as part of the inspection process and for communicating
their findings to their customers.
The Motorist Assurance Program continues to work
cooperatively and proactively with government agencies and consumer
groups toward solutions that both benefit the customer and are
mutually acceptable to both regulators and industry. We maintain the
belief that industry must retain control over how we conduct our
business, and we must be viewed as part of the solution and not part
of the problem. Meetings with state and other government officials
(and their representatives), concerned with auto repair and/or
consumer protection, are conducted. Feedback from these sessions is
brought back to the association, and the program adjusted as needed.
To assure auto repair customers recourse if they were not
satisfied with a repair transaction, the Motorist Assurance Program
offers mediation and arbitration through MAP/BBB-CARE and other non-
profit organizations. MAP conducted pilot programs in twelve states
before announcing the program nationally in October, 1998. During the
pilots, participating repair shops demonstrated their adherence to the
Pledge and Standards and agreed to follow the UICS in communicating
the results of their inspection to their customers. To put some
"teeth" in the program, an accreditation requirement for shops was
initiated. The requirements are stringent, and a self-policing method
has been incorporated which includes the "mystery shopping" of
outlets.
We welcome you to join us as we continue our outreach... with
your support, both the automotive repair industry and your customers
will reap the benefits. Please visit MAP at our Internet site www.
motorist.org or contact us at:
1444 I Street, NW Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
Phone (202) 712-9042 Fax (202) 216-9646
January 1999
MAP UNIFORM INSPECTION GENERAL GUIDELINES
OVERVIEW OF SERVICE REQUIREMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS
It is MAP policy that all exhaust, brake, steering,
suspension, wheel alignment, drive-line, engine performance and
maintenance, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and
electrical services be offered and performed under the standards and
procedures specified in these sections.
Before any service is performed on a vehicle, an inspection
of the appropriate system must be performed. The results of this
inspection must be explained to the customer and documented on an
inspection form. The condition of the vehicle and its components will
indicate what services/part replacements may be "Required" or
"Suggested". In addition, suggestions may be made to satisfy the
requests expressed by the customer.
When a component is suggested or required to be repaired or
replaced, the decision to repair or replace must be made in the
customer's best interest, and at his or her choice given the options
available.
This section lists the various parts and conditions that
indicate a required or suggested service or part replacement.
Although this list is extensive, it is not fully inclusive. In
addition to this list, a technician may make a suggestion. However,
any suggestions must be based on substantial and informed experience,
or the vehicle manufacturer's recommended service interval and must be
documented.
Some conditions indicate that service or part replacement is

GEN ER AL C O OLIN G S YSTE M S ER VIC IN G

1991 M it s u bis h i M onte ro
GENERAL INFORMATION
General Cooling System Servicing
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
The following article is for general information only.
Information may not apply to all years, makes and models. See specific
article in the ENGINE COOLING section.
DESCRIPTION
The basic liquid cooling system consists of a radiator, water
pump, thermostat, electric or belt-driven cooling fan, pressure cap,
heater, and various connecting hoses and cooling passages in the block
and cylinder head.
MAINTENANCE
DRAINING
Remove radiator cap and open heater control valve to maximum
heat position. Open drain cocks or remove plugs in bottom of radiator
and engine block. In-line engines usually have one plug or drain cock,
while "V" type engines will have 2, one in each bank of cylinders.
CLEANING
A good cleaning compound removes most rust and scale. Follow
manufacturer's instructions in the use of cleaner. If considerable
rust and scale has to be removed, cooling system should be flushed.
Clean radiator air passages with compressed air.
FLUSHING
CAUTION: Some manufacturers use an aluminum and plastic radiator.
Flushing solution must be compatible with aluminum.
Back Flushing
Back flushing is an effective means of removing cooling
system rust and scale. The radiator, engine and heater core should be
flushed separately.
Radiator
To flush radiator, connect flushing gun to water outlet of
radiator and disconnect water inlet hose. To prevent flooding engine,
use a hose connected to radiator inlet. Use air in short bursts to
prevent damage to radiator. Continue flushing until water runs clear.
Engine
To flush engine, remove thermostat and replace housing.
Connect flushing gun to water outlet of engine. Flush using short air
bursts until water runs clean.
Heater Core
Flush heater core as described for radiator. Ensure heater
control valve is set to maximum heat position before flushing heater.

REFILLING
To prevent air from being trapped in engine block, engine
should be running when refilling cooling system. After system is full,
continue running engine until thermostat is open, then recheck fill
level. Do not overfill system.
TESTING
THERMOSTAT
1) Visually inspect thermostat for corrosion and proper
sealing of valve and seat. If okay, suspend thermostat and thermometer
in a 50/50 mixture of coolant and water. See Fig. 1. Do not allow
thermostat or thermometer to touch bottom of container. Heat water
until thermostat just begins to open.
2) Read temperature on thermometer. This is the initial
opening temperature and should be within specification. Continue
heating water until thermostat is fully open and note temperature.
This is the fully opened temperature. If either reading is not to
specification, replace thermostat.
Fig. 1: Testing Thermostat in Anti-Freeze/Water Solution
PRESSURE TESTING
A pressure tester is used to check both radiator cap and

complete cooling system. Test components as follows, following tool
manufacturer's instructions.
Radiator Cap
Visually inspect radiator cap, then dip cap into water and
connect to tester. Pump tester to bring pressure to upper limit of cap
specification. If cap fails to hold pressure, replace cap.
Fig. 2: Testing Radiator Pressure Cap
Cooling System
1) With engine off, wipe radiator filler neck seat clean.
Fill radiator to correct level. Attach tester to radiator and pump
until pressure is at upper level of radiator rating.
2) If pressure drops, inspect for external leaks. If no leaks
are apparent, detach tester and run engine until normal operating
temperature is reached. Reattach tester and observe. If pressure
builds up immediately, a possible leak exists from a faulty head
gasket or crack in head or block.
NOTE: Pressure may build up quickly. Release any excess pressure
or cooling system damage may result.
3) If there is no immediate pressure build up, pump tester to
within system pressure range (on radiator cap). Vibration of gauge
pointer indicates compression or combustion leak into cooling system.
Isolate leak by shorting each spark plug wire to cylinder block. Gauge
pointer should stop or decrease vibration when leaking cylinder is
shorted.

With lever set at OUTSIDE position, outside air is allowed to enter
and/or pass through heater. With lever set at INSIDE position, air is
recirculated inside passenger compartment.
BLOWER SWITCH
The blower can be operated at different fan speeds to
regulate amount of air forced through vehicle. Fan speed will increase
as switch is turned or moved right.
AIR CONTROL INDICATION SYSTEM
This system consists of indication lights built into
instrument cluster and 4 switches connected to various control levers.
An indication light glows when heater blower is on. Lights also
indicate choice of outlets and whether air source is inside or outside
vehicle. In addition, temperature of air directed from outlets is
indicated for each air outlet by light colors of green (cool air) and
orange (warm air).
ADJUSTMENTS
HEATER (TEMPERATURE) CONTROL VALVE
Place control lever to indicated position. See TEMPERATURE
CONTROL CABLE ADJUSTMENT table. See Fig. 3. Connect cable to heater
control valve and/or air damper lever according to table. Secure cable
sleeve using clips. With engine running, check for coolant leaks and
check operation of heater control valve. If heater control valve does
not operate properly, adjust by moving cable sleeve forward or
backward at retaining clip.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL CABLE ADJUSTMENT TABLE









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Application Control Lever Water Valve
Position Lever Position
Montero .................... Far Left ............... Toward cable
Pickup & Ram-50 ............ Far Left ........ (2) Away from cable
(2) - Disconnect link between air damper lever and water valve
lever. Close water valve. Close air damper. Reconnect link.
Attach cable to clip.









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Fig. 3: Adjusting Temperature Control Cable (Typical)
Courtesy of Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America.
INSIDE/OUTSIDE AIR SELECTION CABLE

Removal (Montero)
1) Move temperature control lever to WARM position. Drain
coolant from vehicle. Disconnect heater hoses from heater unit. See
Fig. 1.
2) Remove lap heater ducts. Remove hood release bracket.
Using screwdriver, release tabs and remove left and right demister
grilles. Remove glove box frame attaching screws, and remove glove
box. Remove passenger lap heater duct.
3) Using screwdriver and shop towel, carefully pry at top
center of instrument cluster cover, and remove cover. Remove 2 screws
at bottom of instrument panel and one bolt at top of instrument panel.
Gently pull instrument cluster out, and disconnect speedometer cable
and electrical connections. Remove instrument cluster.
4) Remove 4 screws, and disconnect electrical connections on
back of instrument cluster. Remove instrument cluster. Handle
instrument cluster carefully. Instrument cluster can be damaged if
dropped.
5) Remove center console knobs and side screw plugs. Remove
screws, disconnect electrical connections and remove console. Remove 6
bolts and console bracket (center dash reinforcement). Disconnect
radio connections while removing console bracket.
6) Remove horn pad and steering wheel retaining nut. Mark
steering wheel and steering shaft for reassembly reference. Using
steering wheel puller, remove steering wheel.
7) Using screwdriver, carefully pry out dash plug at upper
center of dash panel. Remove 3 upper dash mounting nuts, one upper
screw above steering column, and 2 lower mounting screws. Remove dash
panel.
8) Remove control cables at heater unit. Remove heater unit
attaching screws. Remove heater ducts. Remove heater unit. Remove
heater control lever arm.
9) Remove heater control valve cover. Remove heater pipe and
heater control valve. Disconnect control arm linkage. Remove control
arm. Remove heater core by moving it sideways.
Installation
1) To install, reverse removal procedure. Insert heater hoses
fully into pipes, and clamp securely to prevent leaks. Connect heater
hoses with 1-1.2" (25-30 mm) overlap on outlet.
2) When filling radiator with coolant, first open heater
control valve fully and run engine to circulate coolant and discharge
air from inside heater and engine cooling system. Stop engine, and add
coolant.
3) Adjust all control cables. When installing heater hose
grommets, apply sealer. After installing heater control assembly,
ensure each lever operates smoothly.
Removal (Pickup & Ram-50)
1) Disconnect battery ground cable. Place heater control
lever to far right. Drain coolant. Using trim stick, pry out hazard
switch and remove electrical connection. Remove 4 instrument cluster
cover screws, and remove cover. Remove 4 instrument cluster screws.
Tilt instrument cluster out, and disconnect speedometer cable and
electrical connections. Remove cluster.
2) Remove fuse box cover and fuse box assembly. Remove glove
box. Remove defroster air ducts. Disconnect heater control cables.
Using trim stick, pry under and remove speaker grilles. Remove clock
or coin box in center of dash. Remove center dash hole cover (located
above clock).
3) Remove 2 center support cover screws, and remove cover.
Remove shift knob and 6 console attaching screws. Remove console.
Ensure all electrical connections are free of dash panel. Remove 3 top
nuts, one bolt above steering column, and side and lower attaching

screws. Remove dash panel.
4) Remove blower duct, center duct and defroster ducts. See
Fig. 2. Disconnect heater wiring harness from heater unit. Remove
heater center support brackets. Remove heater unit. Remove heater core
cover plate and joint hose. Remove heater core from heater unit.
Installation
1) To install, reverse removal procedure. Insert heater hoses
fully into pipes, and clamp securely to prevent leaks.
2) When filling radiator with coolant, first open heater
control valve fully and run engine to circulate coolant and discharge
air from inside heater and engine cooling system. Stop engine, and add
coolant.
3) Adjust all control cables. When installing heater hose
grommets, apply sealer. After installing heater control assembly,
ensure each lever operates smoothly.
HEATER CONTROL PANEL
Removal (Montero)
1) Remove heater control knob and heater fan switch knob.
Remove center console. Remove defroster nozzle at temperature control
cable side.
2) Remove lap heater duct and glove box stopper, and push
glove box forward and down. Disconnect inside/outside control cable
from blower assembly.
3) Disconnect control cables from heater unit. Remove heater
control panel mounting screws, and pull out panel slightly. Disconnect
heater fan switch harness connectors. Remove heater control panel.
Remove heater fan switch from heater control panel.
Installation
1) Place air outlet change-over lever at closed position.
With heater side air outlet change-over damper lever in position,
connect inner cable to lever, and secure cable casing using clips.
2) Place heater control lever at OFF position. With heater
control lever in position, connect inner cable to lever, and secure
cable casing using clips.
3) Place inside/outside air change-over lever at INSIDE
position. With heater side inside/outside air change-over damper lever
in position, connect inner cable to lever, and secure cable casing
using clips.
4) Set control lever to each position to check for correct
operation. If lever does not operate correctly, adjust by moving outer
wire at clipped point. Ensure each control lever moves smoothly. If
any noise or stiff movement exists, apply multipurpose grease to all
moving parts.
NOTE: When mounting heater control panel to instrument panel,
tighten upper bolts to instrument panel so they also secure
center panel.
Removal & Installation (Pickup & Ram-50)
Remove cluster panel. Remove all control cables at heater.
Remove heater control panel. To install, reverse removal procedure.
Adjust cables as necessary.
WIRING DIAGRAMS