1988 JEEP CHEROKEE steering wheel adjustment
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PR E-A LIG NM EN T C HEC KS
1988 J e ep C hero ke e
Wheel Alignment
PRE-ALIGNMENT INSPECTION PROCEDURES
PRE-ALIGNMENT CHECKS
Before making wheel alignment adjustment, perform the
following checks:
1) Tires should be equal in size and runout must not be
excessive. Tires and wheels should be in balance, and inflated to
manufacturer's specifications.
2) Wheel bearings must be properly adjusted. Steering linkage
and suspension must not have excessive looseness. Check for wear in
tie rod ends and ball joints.
3) Steering gear box must not have excessive play. Check and
adjust to manufacturer's specifications.
4) Vehicle must be at curb height with full fuel load and
spare tire in vehicle. No extra load should be on vehicle.
5) Vehicle must be level with floor and with suspension
settled. Jounce front and rear of vehicle several times and allow it
to settle to normal curb height.
6) If steering wheel is not centered with front wheels in
straight-ahead position, correct by shortening one tie rod adjusting
sleeve and lengthening opposite sleeve equal amounts.
7) Ensure wheel lug nuts are tightened to torque
specifications.
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STE ER IN G G EA R - M AN UAL
1988 J e ep C hero ke e
1988 STEERING
Jeep Manual Steering Gears
Koyo & Saginaw Recirculating Ball
Cherokee, Comanche, Wrangler
DESCRIPTION
Jeep uses the Saginaw steering gear unit. Different models
are used. The Model 525 uses 3 bolts in the side cover while the Model
535 uses 4 bolts.
Steering gears are a recirculating ball-type. Proper
engagement between sector and ball nut is obtained by adjusting screw.
Worm bearing adjuster can be turned to provide proper preloading of
upper and lower bearings.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
Refer to TROUBLE SHOOTING - BASIC PROCEDURES article in the
GENERAL TROUBLE SHOOTING section.
ADJUSTMENTS
NOTE: Adjust worm bearing preload prior to performing meshload
adjustment. If steering gear is removed, install INCH lb.
torque wrench on worm shaft to check preload adjustments.
WORM BEARING PRELOAD
1) Place reference mark on pitman arm and sector shaft.
Remove pitman arm retaining nut. Using puller, remove pitman arm from
sector shaft.
2) Disconnect pitman arm from ball stud or sector shaft.
3) Remove horn pad. Turn steering wheel slowly against one
stop then back 1/2 turn. Place an INCH-lb. torque wrench with a
maximum reading of 50 INCH lbs. (6 N.m) on steering wheel nut.
4) Measure amount of torque (preload) required to rotate
steering wheel at a constant speed for approximately 1 1/2 turns on
Ford Motor Co. models or 90 degree arc on all others.
5) Note preload. Adjust preload if not within specification.
See WORM BEARING PRELOAD table. Adjust preload by loosening lock nut
(if not previously loosened) and rotating worm bearing adjuster to
obtain correct preload.
6) Once correct preload is obtained, tighten lock nut to
specification. Perform meshload adjustment once correct preload is
obtained.
WORM BEARING PRELOAD TABLE
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Application INCH Lbs. (N.m)
Cherokee, Comanche & Wrangler ................ 5-8 (.6-.9)
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MESHLOAD ADJUSTMENT
1) Rotate steering wheel from stop-to-stop, noting the number
of revolutions. Rotate steering wheel back to the center position.
Page 1045 of 1378
replacing shims as necessary.
4) Install ball nut on worm shaft. Ensure ball nut is
installed so shallow end of teeth are to the left as viewed from
steering wheel end of worm shaft. Align grooves in worm and nut by
sighting through ball guide holes.
5) There are 2 types of ball guides used. One type contains a
hole in the middle, while the other does not. If ball guides contain
the middle hole, install ball guides in the ball nut.
6) Divide balls into 2 equal groups. Insert each group into a
ball guide, while slowly turning worm shaft away from the hole. Repeat
procedure for remaining circuit.
7) On guides with no holes, separate guide halves and fill
each one half of each circuit with balls. Install remaining guide
half. Hold guides and plug ends with grease to prevent the balls from
falling out.
8) Fill each circuit of ball nut with half of remaining balls
in one circuit, and half in other. DO NOT turn worm shaft while
installing. It may be necessary to use small punch to aid in ball
installation. Install ball guides. On both types, install ball guide
clamp.
9) To install, reverse removal procedure. Lubricate all
seals, bearings and sector shaft prior to installation. Coat worm
bearing adjuster, sector shaft adjuster screw and sector shaft cover
bolts with non-hardening sealant prior to installation.
10) Screw worm bearing adjuster down until nearly all end
play has been removed. Lubricate steering gear by rotating worm shaft
until ball nut is at end of its travel.
11) Pack as much grease as possible into steering gear
housing without losing it out sector shaft opening. Rotate ball nut to
other end of its travel and pack more grease into housing.
12) Rotate ball nut until it is in center of its travel.
Insert sector shaft assembly, containing adjusting screw and shim into
housing. Center tooth of sector gear must engage center rack tooth
space in ball nut.
13) Pack housing with grease. Apply a thin bead of sealant to
sector shaft cover on models which do not use gasket. Install cover
and gasket on housing. Engage sector adjuster screw with tapped hole
in center of sector cover by turning screw counterclockwise.
14) Turn adjusting screw until sector cover is flush with
housing. Install sector cover bolts but do not tighten unless there is
a lash between sector shaft and worm shaft.
15) Tighten sector cover bolts to specification. Adjust
steering gear preload and meshload. See ADJUSTMENTS in this article.
Fig. 4: Exploded View of Saginaw Model 525 Steering Gear (Typical)
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Page 1047 of 1378
\003STE ER IN G G EA R - P O W ER
1988 J e ep C hero ke e
1987-88 STEERING
Jeep Power Steering Gears - Saginaw Rotary Valve
Cherokee, Comanche, Grand Wagoneer, Pickup, Wagoneer,
Wrangler
DESCRIPTION
Steering gear is a recirculating ball-type, available in
either a constant or a variable ratio design. Steel balls form a
"rolling thread" between steering gear worm shaft and rack/piston nut.
Worm shaft thrust is absorbed by a thrust bearing and two races at
lower end, and by a bearing in adjuster plug at upper end.
This design puts spring pressure on worm shaft to ensure
proper thrust bearing preload. Adjuster plug provides initial preload
adjustment and service adjustment (when repairing gear). As worm shaft\
is turned right, rack/piston is moved upward in gear.
As worm shaft is turned left, rack/piston is moved downward
in gear. The rack/piston teeth mesh with sector, which is forged as
part of sector shaft. Rotating worm shaft moves sector shaft, which
turns wheels through mechanical linkage. See Fig. 1.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
Refer to TROUBLE SHOOTING - BASIC PROCEDURES article in the
GENERAL TROUBLE SHOOTING section.
LUBRICATION
See POWER STEERING GENERAL SERVICING article.
TESTING
See POWER STEERING GENERAL SERVICING article.
Page 1064 of 1378
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STE ER IN G K NUCKLE S - 4 W D
1988 J e ep C hero ke e
1988 4WD Steering Knuckles
ALL MANUFACTURERS
DESCRIPTION
Open type steering knuckles are used on all models. Open
type knuckles provide sharper turning angle, which will decrease
vehicle turning radius. Axle shafts are free floating. Depending upon
vehicle model, steering knuckles can be attached to axle housing by
either ball joints or roller bearings and king (pivot) pins.
OVERHAUL
BALL JOINT TYPE
Disassembly
1) Raise vehicle and support securely. Remove wheels. Remove
brake caliper and rotor. If equipped, remove locking hubs. See
appropriate LOCKING HUBS article in DRIVE AXLE section.
2) Disconnect tie rod end from steering knuckle. Remove
spindle nuts and lightly tap spindle with soft face hammer to free it
from steering knuckle. Pull out axle shaft assembly.
3) Clean all components with solvent and dry with compressed
air. Inspect all parts for burrs, chips, wear, flat spots or cracks.
Replace all damaged or worn parts.
NOTE: When aligning upper ball joint nut to install cotter pin,
always tighten nut to align. Never loosen nut to align holes.
Reassembly
To reassemble, reverse disassembly procedure. Torque all
fittings to specifications.
Fig. 1: Exploded View of Steering Knuckle Assembly
ADJUSTMENT
Page 1065 of 1378
NOTE: All other models are not adjustable.
BALL JOINTS
Jeep, Truck & Wagoneer
1) Raise vehicle and remove front wheels. Disconnect
steering damper and connecting rod. Remove cotter pin from right side
tie rod retaining nut. Rotate steering knuckles through complete arc
several times.
2) Place torque wrench on right side tie rod retaining nut.
Torque to turn knuckles through complete arc should not be more than
25 ft. lbs. (34 N.m).
3) If turning effort is excessive, disconnect tie rod ends
at knuckles. Measure turning effort of right and left side knuckles.
Individual turning effort should not be more than 10 ft. lbs. (14
N.m).
4) If individual turning effort is more than specified,
replace upper ball joint split ring seat. If turning effort is more
than 10 ft. lbs. (14 N.m) after split ring seat replacement, ball
joints will have to be replaced.
TURNING ANGLE
Truck & Wagoneer
1) Turning angle stop screws are located at rear of steering
knuckle, just above axle centerline. To adjust, loosen lock nut on
turning angle stop screw. Jeep turning angle is not adjustable.
2) Using turntable to measure angle, adjust stop screw to
obtain specified angle. Tighten lock nut without changing setting.
TURN ANGLE ADJUSTMENT
TURNING ANGLE ADJUSTMENT TABLE \
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Application Left Right
Wheel Wheel
Jeep
Cherokee,
Comanche,
& Wrangler .......... ( 1) 32-33
................. ( 1) 32-33
Wagoneer ................. 36-37 ....................... 36-37
(1) - Angle stops are not adjustable. Parts must be replaced if
angle is incorrect.
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TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS TABLE \
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Application Ft. Lbs.(N.m)\
Ball Joint Type
Lower Ball Joint Nut
Jeep .................................................. 100 (136)\
Upper Ball Joint Nut
Jeep .................................................. 100 (136)\
Upper Ball Joint Split Retaining Seat
Jeep ..................................................... 50 (68)\
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Page 1114 of 1378
if possible. If proper
adjustment cannot be obtained,
require repair or replacement
of worn component.
Wheel bearing race
is loose in the
hub bore ............... A ...... Require replacement of hub
assembly and wheel bearings.
Wheel bearing races
are pitted ............. A .. Require replacement of bearing
assembly.
Wheel bearing races
are worn ............... A .. Require replacement of bearing
assembly.
Wheel bearing rollers
are pitted ............. A .. Require replacement of bearing
assembly.
Wheel bearing rollers
are worn ............... A .. Require replacement of bearing
assembly.
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WHEEL ALIGNMENT
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Wheel alignment is defined as the measurement, analysis, and
adjustment of steering and suspension angles to conform to OEM
specifications. These angles usually include, but are not limited to:
caster, camber, toe, and thrust angle. Where these angles are not
adjustable and not in specification, component replacement or
correction kits may be required. Errors in set-back and steering axis
inclination (SAI) are often attributable to failed or damaged
components and must be corrected prior to performing an alignment.
Failure to replace or correct suggested parts or service may
prevent a proper alignment.
Before performing an alignment check, inspect and verify the
following:
* Tire pressure and size
* Vehicle loading
* Ride height
* Steering and suspension parts
If the inspection reveals that all the above are within
published specifications, a wheel alignment check and an alignment, if
needed, may be performed.
CAUTION: Under no circumstances should a technician bend or heat
any steering or suspension component, unless specified by
the vehicle manufacturer, for example, Ford forged twin
"I" beam axles. All measurements and specifications must
be noted on the inspection report.
WHEEL ALIGNMENT INSPECTION
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Condition Code Procedure
Dog tracking, shown
to be caused by
faulty alignment ....... 2 ................ Suggest repair.
Lead, shown to
Page 1123 of 1378
WHEEL BEARINGS
Removal (2WD Models)
1) Raise and support vehicle. Remove wheel assembly. Remove
brake caliper. Suspend caliper with wire. DO NOT allow caliper to
hang on brake hose.
2) Remove hub dust cap, cotter pin, nut retainer, retainer
nut, washer and outer wheel bearing. See Fig. 1. Remove hub and rotor
assembly. Pry grease seal from hub. Remove inner wheel bearing.
Inspection
Clean bearings and hub in solvent and dry with compressed
air. Inspect bearings and races for wear.
Installation
To install, reverse removal procedure. Adjust wheel bearing.
See WHEEL BEARING under ADJUSTMENTS in this article.
Removal
(4WD Grand Wagoneer)
1) Raise and support vehicle. Remove wheel assembly. Remove
brake caliper. Suspend caliper with wire. DO NOT allow caliper to
hang on brake hose. Remove rotor from hub.
2) On models equipped with locking hubs, remove locking
hubs. See appropriate LOCKING HUBS article. On all other models,
remove hub dust cover and drive gear snap ring. See Fig. 1.
3) Remove drive gear, pressure spring and spring cup. On
all models, remove outer lock nut, lock washer, inner lock nut and
outer wheel bearing. Remove hub. Pry grease seal from hub. Remove
inner wheel bearing.
Inspection
Clean bearings and hub in solvent and dry with compressed
air. Inspect bearings and races for wear.
Installation
To install, reverse removal procedure. Adjust wheel
bearings. See WHEEL BEARINGS under ADJUSTMENTS in this article.
Removal
(4WD Models Except Grand Wagoneer)
1) Raise and support vehicle. Remove wheel assembly. Remove
brake caliper. Suspend caliper with wire. Remove cotter pin, nut
retainer and axle shaft nut. Remove hub/carrier assembly from
steering knuckle. See Fig. 1.
2) Inspect bearings for roughness. If bearing roughness
exists, disassemble hub assembly.
Inspection
Clean bearings and hub in solvent and dry with compressed
air. Inspect bearings and races for wear.
Installation
Ensure hub, bearing carrier and wheel bearings are packed
with clean lithium grease. Reassemble hub assembly using new grease
seal. Reverse removal procedure. Tighten bolts to specification.
Install new cotter pin.