1987 NISSAN PULSAR oil

Cooling and Heating Systems 81
continuous stream of bubbles indicates that the refriger-
ant charge is low.

A large number of bubbles or foam indicates that
the refrigerant charge is very low.

No bubbles or the presen ce of oil streaks in the
sight glass indicate that the system is completely
empty.

NOTE: If the outside air temperature is
high, a certain number of bubbles may be
observed in the sight gl ass, even though the
system is fully charged.

If the system requires recharging, the vehicle
should be taken to an authorized dealer for evacu-
ation, leak testing and recharging.

Do not operate the system if it is known that the
refrigerant charge is low as damage may result.

MAINTENANCE
The air conditioning system requires l i t t l e main-
tenance other than the following. Where applicable,
refer to the Lubrication an d Maintenance section for
the recommended service intervals.

(1) Check the refrigerant charge level in the
receiver/dryer sight glass. Recharge the system as
necessary. It is considered normal for the system to
require periodic recharging. (2) Inspect the air conditioner pipes and hoses
for leaks, deterioration and alignment. Evidence of oil
leakage is an indication of refrigerant leakage. Repair
or renew as necessary.
(3) Inspect the evaporator drain tube and the
condenser cooling fins for blockage. Clean as neces-
sary.
(4) Check the drive belt for deterioration and for
correct tension. Refer to the Engine Tune-up section
for the correct procedure.
(5) Operate the system at least once a week for
approximately 15 minutes to keep the compressor
seals lubricated.

82
FUEL AND ENGINE MANAGEMENT
CAUTION: To prevent severe electrical shock, extreme care must be taken when
working on or near the electronic ignition system as dangerous high tension voltages
are produced in both the primary and secondary circuits. See the text fo\
r
precautionary notes.

SPECIFICATIONS
FUEL INJECTION
Type:
1.6 liter engine .................................. Single point
1.8 liter engine................................... Multi point
FUEL PUMP
Type ................................................................ Electric
Pressure at idle:
1.6 liter engine ..................................... 62-90 kPa
1.8 liter engine ................................ 190-230 kPa
FUEL FILTER
Type ................................................ Inline, disposable
AIR FILTER
Type ................................... Disposable paper element
DISTRIBUTOR
Make ........................................................ Delco Remy
Advance contro l .......................................... Electronic
Rotation of rotor .................................. Anti-clockwise
Firing order....................................................1 -3-4-2
ADJUSTMENTS
Base idle speed ..................................... 550-650 rpm
Ignition timing.......................................... 10° BTDC
TORQUE WRENCH SETTINGS
Throttle body nuts.......................................... 10 Nm
*Throttle body bolts ........................................ 12 Nm
*Fuel hose fittings............................................ 35 Nm
Fuel rail bolts ....................................................8 Nm
Fuel tank drain plug ........................................ 24 Nm
Coolant temperature sensor ............................ 12 Nm
Oxygen sensor .................................................. 40 Nm
MAT sensor..................................................... 14 Nm
*1.6 liter engine
l . 8 liter engine

1. FUEL AND ENGINE MANAGEMENT
TROUBLE SHOOTING

NOTE: The following Trouble Shooting pro-
cedures are basic checks only. If these pro-
cedures fail to locate the fault, refer to the
System Diagnosis and Adjustments heading
for more thorough testing.

Prior to performing any of the following
operations, refer to the Service Precautions
and Procedures heading.

ENGINE WILL NOT START OR HARD TO
START
(1) Water in the fuel: Dr ain the fuel from the
system and renew the fuel filter.
(2) Fault in the power supply: Check the battery,
fusible links and fuses. Check for clean, secure con-
nections, particularly the earth connections. Check the
EG1 and fuel pump relays.
NOTE: If the fuel pump relay fails, power
will be supplied to the fuel pump via the oil
pressure switch. When starting the engine,


Check that the MAP sensor hose is not blocked or split
and ensure that all electrical connections are clean and
secure.

Fuel and Engine Management 83
the fuel pump will not operate until the oil
pressure is sufficient to extinguish the oil
pressure warning lamp. Therefore it will be
necessary to operate the starter motor for a
longer period than usual to start the engine.

(3) Faulty EFI component wiring connections:
Check that all component wiring connections are
clean and secure.
(4) Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
vacuum hose blocked or disconnected: Clear or recon-
nect the vacuum hose. (5) Fault in the ignition system: Check the
primary and secondary ignition circuits.
(6) Engine flooded: Fully depress the throttle
pedal until the engine starts. Check the coolant
temperature sensor. Check th e injector(s) for leakage.
ENGINE STARTS THEN STALLS

(1) Water in the fuel: Dr ain the fuel from the
system and renew the fuel filter.
(2) Air leakage at the inlet manifold: Check all
joints and hoses for air leaks. (3) Faulty EFI wiring connections: Check that
all component wiring connections are clean and
secure.
(4) Ignition timing incorrectly set: Check and
adjust the timing. (5) MAP sensor faulty or supply hose discon-
nected or blocked: Check the vacuum supply hose.
Check the operation of the MAP sensor.
ENGINE MISFIRES

(1) Faulty, dirty or incorrectly adjusted spark
plugs: Renew or clean and adjust the spark plugs.
(2) Condensation in the distributor cap: Dry and
examine the cap for cracks. (3) Faulty high tension leads: Check and renew
the high tension leads.

Testing the fuel system pressure using a pressure
gauge.
(4) Faulty ignition coil: Check and renew the
ignition coil.
(5) Fuel blockage: Check for blockage in the fuel
filter, lines and injector(s). (6) Low fuel pressure: Check the fuel pump and
fuel pressure regulator. (7) Water in the fuel: Dr ain the fuel from the
system and renew the fuel filter. (8) Loose fuel supply wiring connectors: Check
all connectors for tightness. (9) Faulty fuel injector: Check the connections
and test the condition of the fuel injectors.
ENGINE LACKS POWER

(1) Ignition timing incorrectly set: Check and
adjust the timing.
(2) Water in the fuel: Dr ain the fuel from the
system and renew the fuel filter.
(3) Incorrectly adjusted throttle cable: Adjust the
throttle cable.



Check the distributor cap for cracks or tracking be- tween the terminals. The air filter element should be renewed at 40 000 km
intervals. 1.8 liter engine.

Fuel and Engine Management 85


View of the 1.6 liter engine showing the engine management components. Air cleaner removed for clarity.
series of tests on various components in the system
and records the results, If a fault is discovered, the
ECM warning lamp on the instrument cluster will
illuminate while the engine is running. When the self
diagnosis mode is activated, the ECM warning lamp
will flash codes indicating the area in which the fault
has occurred.

This function is very useful in locating system
faults, particularly intermittent problems. However,
the self diagnosis mode does not provide comprehen-
sive testing of the EFI system, and therefore should
always be used in conjunction with the other test
procedures described later in this section in order to
accurately locate system faults.

The high energy electronic ignition system con-
sists of a distributor and an ignition coil.

The distributor has two functions. The first is to
produce and distribute secondary high tension voltage
to the spark plugs.

The second function is to provide the control unit
with information on engine speed and crankshaft
position.

The ignition timing is constantly adjusted by the
control unit to suit varying engine and vehicle oper-
ating conditions.

In the fuel injection system, a metered amount of
fuel is sprayed into the air stream. The air/fuel

mixture then enters the combustion chamber via the
inlet valves.

On 1.6 liter engines, the fuel is injected by a single
injector, located above the throttle valve within the
throttle body assembly. The injector fires twice per
engine revolution under most operating conditions.

On 1.8 liter engines, four injectors are used. The
fuel is distributed to the injectors via the fuel rail. All
injectors fire simultaneous ly once per engine revolu-
tion under most operating conditions.

Under conditions of high load the control unit
may signal the injector(s) to fire more often. However,
if the engine speed exceeds 6 700 rpm the control unit
will cease firing the injectors until the engine speed is
below 6 200 rpm.

Fuel is supplied under pressu re by an electric fuel
pump mounted in the fuel tank and the pressure is
regulated by a pressure regulator.

On 1.6 liter engines, the regulator consists of a
spring tensioned diaphragm which is mounted to the
side of the throttle body assembly. The fuel pressure is
regulated by the tension of the spring against the
diaphragm, opening and closing the fuel return port.

On 1.8 liter engines, the pressure regulator is
mounted adjacent to the fuel rail and consists of a
diaphragm with fuel pressu re acting on one side and
spring tension and manifold vacuum acting on the

Fuel and Engine Management 89
The procedure for fabricating an LED test lamp is
fully described in the El ectrical System section.

If a conventional test lamp with a filament type
bulb is to be used, ensure that the current draw of the
test lamp does not exceed 0.3 amp to avoid damage to
the electronic components.

To check the current draw connect an accurate
ammeter, such as the multimeter described previ-
ously, in series with the test lamp and a battery.

If the ammeter reads less than 0.3 amp the test
lamp is suitable.

Tachometer
(1) Disconnect the resistor from the tachometer
pick-up wiring connector which is located on the
ignition coil wiring harness, and connect the positive
lead of an accurate tachometer to the brown wire
terminal in the wiring connector. (2) Connect the negative lead to a good earthing
point.

View showing the location of the tachometer pickup
wiring connector with the resistor installed.
Timing Light
(1) Connect the timing light to the engine fol-
lowing the instrument manufacturers instructions.

NOTE: Do not connect or disconnect the
timing light with the engine running as
voltage surges could damage the alternator
or control unit. Do not allow the high
tension leads to open circuit with the engine
running as damage to the engine manage-
ment system could result.

(2) Do not connect the timing light positive lead
to the alternator output terminal. Where possible,
connect the power leads of the timing light to an
external power source to prevent possible transient
voltages damaging the alternator or control unit.

4. SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS AND ADJUSTMENTS
NOTE: Due to the use of complex electronic
components in the engine management sys-

tem, the diagnosis and testing procedures
described in this section should not be
carried out by persons lacking an under-
standing of electronics and the precautions
associated with the servicing of electronic
components. It is rec ommended that should
a fault arise in the system, the vehicle be
referred to an authorized workshop.

The control unit can be damaged by
component faults not indicated by the self
diagnosis codes and the renewal of the
control unit without lo cating the cause of
the failure will result in the failure of the
replacement unit. It is for this reason that
the practice of substituting components to
isolate faults is not recommended.

Prior to performing any of the follow-
ing operations, refer to the Service Pre-
cautions and Procedures heading.

PRELIMINARY CHECKS
Prior to performing the Self Diagnosis Test Pro-
cedures, perform the following preliminary checks and
rectify any problems as necessary.

(1) Check for an adequate supply of fuel in the
fuel tank. (2) Check the wiring connectors and earth points
of all engine management components for clean,
secure connections. To prevent damage to the control
unit, disconnect the negative battery terminal before
disconnecting any engine ma nagement wiring connec-
tors. (3) Check the condition of the battery. Refer to
the Electrical System sectio n for checking procedures.
Rectify any faults as necessary. (4) Check the air cleaner element for restriction.
(5) Check for air leaks at the throttle body, inlet
manifold and all related hoses. (6) Check the fuel pump pr essure as described
later in this section. (7) Ensure that the engine is in a satisfactory
mechanical condition and is in tune. Refer to the
Engine and Engine Tune-up sections as necessary.
SELF DIAGNOSIS

This function is very useful in locating system
faults particularly intermittent problems. However,
the self diagnosis mode does not provide comprehen-
sive testing of the engine management system, and
therefore should always be used in conjunction with
the other test procedures described later, in order to
accurately locate system faults.

To Interpret Self Diagnosis Codes
Once the self diagnosis mode is activated, various
fault codes will be displayed as a series of flashes by
the ECM warning lamp on the instrument cluster.

\(V2 Fuel and Engine Management


View of the IAC valve removed from the engine. Dimension A must not exceed 28 mm.
(3) Lubricate the IAC valve O ring with engine
oil and install the IAC valve. Tighten the retaining
screws securely.

(4). Install the IAC valve wiring connector and
the negative battery terminal.

(5) On 1.6 liter engines, install the air cleaner
assembly as previously described. (6) Run the engine until normal operating tem-
perature and idle speed are attained.
NOTE: Several minutes may elapse before
the normal idle speed is attained.

(7) Hold the throttle open at approximately
3 000 rpm for 10 seconds to reset the IAC valve.

MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PRESSURE (MAP)
SENSOR

To Test - Codes 33 and 34
NOTE: The following test procedure
assumes that fault codes 33 or 34 have
been
displayed during the self diagnosis test
pro-
cedure. If no codes have been displayed
but
the operation of the MAP sensor is suspect,
begin the test procedure at operation (15).
(1) Erase the self diagnosis code memory as
previously described.
(2) Start and run the engine at idle speed for 60
seconds or until the ECM warning lamp lights.
(3) Stop the engine, switch the ignition On and
connect a jumper lead between terminals A and B on
the diagnostic link connector. Note any fault codes
displayed. If code 34 is displayed, remove the jumper lead
from the diagnostic link connector, erase the self
diagnosis codes and proceed to operation (7).

If code 33 is displayed, remove the jumper lead
from the diagnostic link connector, erase the self
diagnosis code memory and proceed to operation (4).

If no codes are displayed, but codes 33 or 34
were
displayed when the self diagnosis test procedure was
originally performed, an intermittent fault is indi-
cated. Proceed as follows:

(a) Check for faulty wiring connections. Check
that all wiring connectors are clean and secure. (b) Check that all earth wires are secure.
(c) Check the vacuum hose to the MAP sensor
for deterioration or restriction.
(4) Disconnect the wiring connector from the
MAP sensor. (5) Start and run the engine at idle speed for 60
seconds or until the ECM warning lamp lights. (6) Stop the engine, switch the ignition On and
connect a jumper lead between terminals A and B on
the diagnostic link connector. Note any fault codes
displayed.
If code 33 is displayed, measure the voltage at
the
MAP sensor wiring connector terminal B with a
voltmeter to earth. Renew the control unit if the
voltage is less than 1 volt.

If the voltage is more than 1 volt, check the
wiring
harness for a short to voltage between terminal B and
the control unit wiring connector terminal Cll.
Repair or renew the wiring harness as necessary.

If code 34 is displayed, proceed as follows:
(a) Check for a restricted or leaking MAP sensor
vacuum hose.
(b) Check the wiring harness for continuity and
shorts between terminals A on the MAP sensor
connector and terminal A11 on the control unit wiring
connector. Repair or renew the wiring harness as
necessary.
If no faults are indicated in the above two checks,
proceed to operation (15).

(7) Disconnect the wiring connector from the
MAP sensor and connect a jumper lead between
terminals B and C on the wiring connector. (8) Start and run the engine at idle speed for 60
seconds or until the ECM warning lamp lights. (9) Stop the engine, switch the ignition On and
connect a jumper lead between terminals A and B on
the diagnostic link connector. Note any fault codes
displayed.
If code 33 is displayed, proceed to operation (15).
If code 34 is displayed, proceed as follows.

Location of the MAP sensor. Inset shows the terminal
identification.

104 Fuel and Engine Management

(3) Gently pull the outer throttle cable until the
inner cable remains taut without moving the throttle
linkage. (4) Install the snap ring into the groove
posi-
tioned second from the insulator.
(5) Depress the throttle pedal and check that the
throttle valve opens fully and returns to the idle
position when the pedal is released. (6) On 1.6 liter engines, install the air
cleaner
assembly.
7. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
NOTE: Before proceeding with any of the
operations in this section, refer to the Ser-
vice Precautions and Procedures heading.

TO CHECK IGNITION SYSTEM
(1) Perform the test procedure described in the
Roadside Trouble Shooting section. Repair or renew
components as necessary. (2) Perform the self diagnosis test procedure as
previously described and rectify any faults. If there is
no spark, proceed as follows. (3) Disconnect the 4 pin wiring connector from
the distributor and check for spark at a spark plug
high tension lead using the test spark plug. If there is a spark, renew the pickup coil in the
distributor.

If there is no spark, proceed as follows.
(4) Connect the coil high tension lead to the test
spark plug and check for spark.

If there is a spark, check the distributor cap and
rotor for cracks and moisture. Repair or renew as
necessary.

If there is no spark, proceed as follows.
(5) Disconnect the 2 pin wiring connector from
the distributor. (6) With the ignition switched On. measure the
voltage at terminals A and B on the distributor 2 pin
wiring connector. If the voltage at terminal B only is under 10 volts,
check the wiring harness for continuity between
terminal B on the distributor 2 pin wiring connector
and terminal 2 on the black ignition coil wiring
connector. Repair or renew the wiring harness as
necessary. If no fault is found, renew the ignition coll.

If the voltages at both terminals is under 10 volts,
check the wiring harness between terminal A on the
distributor 2 pin wiring connector and terminal 1 on
the black ignition coil wiring connector for continuity.
Also check the fuel pump fuse and the wiring harness
between the ignition switch and the ignition coil.
Repair or renew the wiring harness as necessary.

If the voltage at both terminals is 10 volts or
more, proceed as follows.

(7) Connect the 2 pin wiring connector to the
distributor. (8) With the ignition switched On, measure the
voltage at the tachometer signal wire.

Illustration identifying the 2 and 4 pin distributor wiring
connector terminals.
If the voltage is under 1 volt, check the tacho-
meter signal wire for continuity from the ignition coil.
Repair or renew the wiring harness as necessary.

If the voltage is 1-10 volts, renew the distributor
control module. If there is still no spark, renew the
ignition coil also.

If the voltage is over 10 volts, proceed as follows.
(9) With the ignition switch in the Start position,
check for voltage at the tachometer signal wire using
a test lamp.

If the test lamp flashes, replace the ignition coil
with a known serviceable un it. If there is still no
spark, install the original coil and renew the control
module.

If the test lamp remains illuminated, proceed as
follows.

(10) Remove the distributor cap and disconnect
the pickup coil wiring co nnector from the control
module. (11) Connect a voltmeter between the tachometer
signal wire and earth. (12) Connect the lead of a test lamp to a power
supply of 1.5-8 volts. (13) With the ignition switched On, momentarily
connect the probe of the test lamp to terminal P on
the control module and note the voltage. The voltage
should decrease to 7-9 volts. If there is no voltage decrease, check the control
module earth. If the earth is satisfactory, renew the
control module.

If the voltage decreases , proceed as follows.
(14) Check for spark at the coil high tension lead
as the test lamp is disconnected from terminal P on
the control module.

If there is no spark, proceed to operation (15).
If there is a spark, check that the steel rotor on the
distributor shaft is magnetized. If it is not renew the
distributor shaft assembly.

If the steel rotor is magnetized, check that the
resistance between the pickup coil leads is 500-1 500
ohms and not earthed. Renew the pickup coil as
necessary.

(15) Renew the ignition coil and check for spark.
If there is no spark check the coil high tension

lead. If no fault can be found, renew the control
module.

Fuel and Engine Management 105

DISTRIBUTOR
To Remove and Install
(1) Disconnect the negative battery terminal.
(2) Disconnect the distribu tor wiring connec-
tors.
(3) Disconnect the high tension leads from the
spark plugs. (4) Remove the distributor cap retaining screws
and remove the cap and high tension leads from the
vehicle. (5) Turn the engine in the normal direction of
rotation until the mark on the crankshaft pulley aligns
with the timing pointer and the rotor is pointing
towards the No. 1 spark pl ug lead terminal on the
distributor cap. (6) Mark the distributor body to camshaft hous-
ing relationship to aid in setting the ignition timing on
installation.
(7) Remove the distributor retaining nuts and
withdraw the distributor from the camshaft housing.
Installation is a reversal of the removal procedure
with attention to the following points:

(1) Ensure that the engine has not been rotated
while the distributor has been removed. If the engine
has been rotated, align the timing marks and ensure
that No. 1 piston is on the compression stroke.

(2) Check and renew the distributor base O ring
if the sealing quality is suspect. (3) Install the distributor to the camshaft
hous-
ing, aligning the coupling with the slot in the camshaft
and ensuring that the rotor does not move in relation
to the distributor body. Align the marks made on
removal. (4) Install and securely tighten the distributor
retaining nuts. (5) Install the distributor cap and tighten
the
retaining screws.
(6) Connect the distributor wiring connector.
(7) Connect the negative battery terminal and
check the ignition timing as previously described in
this section.
To Dismantle and Assemble
With the distributor removed from the engine and
the distributor cap removed, dismantle the distributor
as follows:

(1) Disconnect the pickup coil wiring connector
from the control module. (2) Measure the resistance between the terminals
on the pickup coil wiring connector and the distribu-
tor body. The r esistance should be infinity.
(3) Measure the resistance between the terminals


View of the distributor removed from the engine show-
ing the pickup coil connector. 0 RING RETAINING SPRING
Dismantled view of the distributor.