TIRES
10
Tread Wear
Improper cold tire inflation pressures can cause abnormal wear patterns and reduced
tre
ad life, resulting in the need for earlier tire replacement.
Ride Comfort And Vehicle Stability
Proper tire inflation contributes to a comfortable ride. Overinflation produces a jarring
and
uncomfortable ride.
Tire Inflation Pressures
The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the driver side B-pillar or rear edge of
the driver side door.
At least once a month:
• Check and adjust tire pressure with a good quality pocket-type pressure gauge. Do notma
ke a visual judgement when determining proper inflation. Tires may look properly
inflated even when they are underinflated.
• Inspect tires for signs of tire wear or visible damage.
I n
flation pressures specified on the placard are always “cold tire inflation pressure”. Cold
ti r
e inflation pressure is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has not been driven
for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile (1.6 km) after sitting for a minimum of
th r
ee hours. The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum inflation
pressure molded into the tire sidewall.
Check tire pressures more often if subject to a wide range of outdoor temperatures, as
ti r
e pressures vary with temperature changes.
Tire pressures change by approximately 1 psi (7 kPa) per 12°F (7°C) of air temperature
ch a
nge. Keep this in mind when checking tire pressure inside a garage, especially in the
Winter.
Example: If garage temperature = 68°F (20°C) and the outside temperature = 32°F
(0 °
C), then the cold tire inflation pressure should be increased by 3 psi
(21 kPa), which equals 1 psi (7 kPa) for every 12°F (7°C) for this outside temperature
c o n
dition.
Tire pressure may increase from 2 to 6 psi (13 to 40 kPa) during operation. DO NOT
re d
uce this normal pressure build up or your tire pressure will be too low.
CAUTION!
After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure, always reinstall the valve stem cap. This
will prevent moisture and dirt from entering the valve stem, which could damage the
valve stem.
TIRES
14
Tire Types
All Season Tires — If Equipped
All season tires provide traction for all seasons (Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter).
Traction levels may vary between different all season tires. All season tires can be
identified by the M+S, M&S, M/S or MS designation on the tire sidewall. Use all season
tires only in sets of four; failure to do so may adversely affect the safety and handling of
your vehicle.
Summer Or Three Season Tires — If Equipped
Summer tires provide traction in both wet and dry conditions, and are not intended to be
driven in snow or on ice. If your vehicle is equipped with summer tires, be aware these
tires are not designed for winter or cold driving conditions. Install winter tires on your
vehicle when ambient temperatures are less than 40°F (5°C) or if roads are covered
with ice or snow. For more information, contact an authorized dealer.
Summer tires do not contain the all season designation or mountain/snowflake symbol
on
the tire sidewall. Use summer tires only in sets of four; failure to do so may adversely
affect the safety and handling of your vehicle.
WARNING!
• Do not use a tire, wheel size, load rating, or speed rating other than that specified for your vehicle. Some combinations of unapproved tires and wheels may change
suspension dimensions and performance characteristics, resulting in changes to
steering, handling, and braking of your vehicle. This can cause unpredictable
handling and stress to steering and suspension components. You could lose control
and have a collision resulting in serious injury or death. Use only the tire and wheel
sizes with load ratings approved for your vehicle.
• Never use a tire with a smaller load index or capacity, other than what was originally eq
uipped on your vehicle. Using a tire with a smaller load index could result in tire
overloading and failure. You could lose control and have a collision.
• Failure to equip your vehicle with tires having adequate speed capability can result in
sudden tire failure and loss of vehicle control.
CAUTION!
Replacing original tires with tires of a different size may result in false speedometer
and odometer readings.
WARNING!
Do not use Summer tires in snow/ice conditions. You could lose vehicle control,
resulting in severe injury or death. Driving too fast for conditions also creates the
possibility of loss of vehicle control.
TIRES
15
Snow Tires
Some areas of the country require the use of snow tires during the winter. Snow tires can
be identified by a “mountain/snowflake” symbol on the tire sidewall. If you need snow tires, select tires equivalent in size and type to the original
equipment tires. Use snow tires only in sets of four; failure to do so may
ad
versely affect the safety and handling of your vehicle.
Snow tires generally have lower speed ratings than what was originally equipped with
y o
ur vehicle and should not be operated at sustained speeds over 75 mph (120 km/h).
F o
r speeds above 75 mph (120 km/h) refer to original equipment or an authorized tire
d e
aler for recommended safe operating speeds, loading and cold tire inflation
pressures.
While studded tires improve performance on ice, skid and traction capability on wet or
d r
y surfaces may be poorer than that of non-studded tires. Some states prohibit studded
tires; therefore, local laws should be checked before using these tire types.
Spare Tires — If Equipped
Spare Tire Matching Original Equipped Tire And Wheel —
If Equipped
Your vehicle may be equipped with a spare tire and wheel equivalent in look and function
to the original equipment tire and wheel found on the front or rear axle of your vehicle.
This spare tire may be used in the tire rotation for your vehicle. If your vehicle has this
option, refer to an authorized tire dealer for the recommended tire rotation pattern.
Compact Spare Tire — If Equipped
The compact spare is for temporary emergency use only. You can identify if your vehicle
is equipped with a compact spare by looking at the spare tire description on the Tire and
Loading Information Placard located on the driver side door opening or on the sidewall
of the tire. Compact spare tire descriptions begin with the letter “T” or “S” preceding the
size designation. Example: T145/80D18 103M.
T, S = Temporary Spare Tire
Since this tire has limited tread life, the original equipment tire should be repaired (or
r e
placed) and reinstalled on your vehicle at the first opportunity.
Do not install a wheel cover or attempt to mount a conventional tire on the compact
s p
are wheel, since the wheel is designed specifically for the compact spare tire. Do not
install more than one compact spare tire and wheel on the vehicle at any given time.
CAUTION!
Because of the reduced ground clearance, do not take your vehicle through an
automatic car wash with a compact or limited use temporary spare installed. Damage
to the vehicle may result.
BFGOODRICH® TIRES
29
It is especially important to check the vehicle manufacturer’s Owner’s Manual when
mixing, matching or replacing tires on 4 Wheel Drive (4WD) vehicles, as this may require
special precautions.
BFGOODRICH® DOES NOT RECOMMEND MIXING SELF SUPPORTING STRUCTURE (SSS)
T I
RES WITH NON-SSS TIRES OTHER THAN THE TEMPORARY USE OF THE SPARE TIRE.
WINTER DRIVING
Tires which meet the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA) definition of snow tires
are marked M/S, M&S. On such tires, this designation is molded into the sidewall. Tires
without this notation are not recommended for winter driving.
While All-Season tires are designed to provide reliable performance in
some winter conditions, the use of four winter tires is recommended for
op
timum performance. Tires designated for use in severe winter
conditions are marked on at least one sidewall with the letter “M” and “S”
plus a pictograph of a mountain with a snowflake on it.
TIRE ROTATION AND REPLACEMENT
To obtain maximum tire wear, it may be necessary to rotate your tires. Refer to your
vehicle Owner’s Manual for instructions on tire rotation. If you do not have an Owner‘s
Manual for your vehicle, BFGoodrich® recommends rotating your tires every 6,000 to
8,000 miles (10,000 to 12,000 km).
Monthly inspection for tire wear is recommended. Your tires should be rotated at the first
s i
gn of irregular wear, even if it occurs before 6,000 miles (10,000 km). This is true for
a l
l vehicles.
When rotating tires with a directional tread pattern, observe the arrows molded on the
s i
dewall which show the direction the tire should turn. Care must be taken to maintain
the proper turning direction.
Some Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) may not recognize that a tire has been
m o
ved to a different position on your vehicle. Make certain that your TPMS system is
reset, if necessary, so as to correctly identify the location of each tire on your vehicle.
Refer to your vehicle Owner’s Manual or your vehicle dealer.
Determine whether rotated tires require tire inflation adjustment as front and rear
p o
sition tire pressure may vary according to the vehicle manufacturer’s specification due
to the actual load on that wheel position. Some vehicles may have different sized tires
mounted on the front and rear axles, and these different sized tires have rotation
restrictions. Always check the vehicle Owner’s Manual for the proper rotation
recommendations.
FULL-SIZE SPARE
Full-size spare tires (not temporary spares) of the same size and construction should be
used in a five tire rotation. Always check the inflation pressure of the full-size spare
immediately before incorporating it into rotation. Follow the vehicle manufacturer’s
recommended pattern for rotation, or if not available, see a qualified tire technician.
BRIDGESTONE® - FIRESTONE®
47
This manual is not intended to provide proper training or service procedures for tire
mounting, demounting, balancing, rotation, or repair. Please leave these tasks to
qualified tire service professionals. For your safety and that of others:
• A lways stand well clear of any tire mounting operation. This is especially important
w
hen the service operator inflates the tire. If the tire has been improperly mounted, it
may burst with explosive force causing serious personal injury or death.
• T ires must match the width and diameter requirements of the wheels. For example,
1
6 inch diameter tires must only be mounted to 16 inch diameter wheels. Radial tires
m u
st only be mounted to wheels approved for radial tires.
• W heels must be free of cracks, dents, chips, and rust. Tires must be free of bead
d
amage, cuts, and punctures.
• N ever inflate a tire beyond 40 psi (275 kPa) to seat the beads. Be absolutely certain
b
eads are fully seated before adjusting inflation pressure to the level recommended
for vehicle operation.
• N ever put flammable substances in tire/wheel assemblies at any time. Never put any
f
lammable substance into a tire/wheel assembly and attempt to ignite to seat the
beads.
• A lways stand well away from the work area when tires are being spin balanced either
o
n or off the vehicle.
HIGH PERFORMANCE, LOW ASPECT RATIO TIRES
Many new vehicles come equipped from the factory with high performance and/or low
aspect ratio tires. Generally, these tires provide increased vehicle handling capability,
but may also have numerous engineering performance trade-offs associated with their
designs.
• Lo w aspect ratio tires, with reduced sidewall height, may be more susceptible to
d
amage from potholes, road hazards, and other objects such as curbs. This is true for
the wheels as well. Therefore, as with all other tires, it is important to drive with care
and maintain proper inflation pressure and load conditions. See “Tire Inflation Pres -
sure” and “Tire Damage, Inspection and Service Life” in this manual.
• Some sports cars and other handling performance enhanced vehicles, including s
edans and light trucks/SUVs, may be originally equipped with high performance tires
that are more optimized for warmer weather use. Colder, winter weather traction may
be reduced for these types of tires. Winter tires may be recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer for colder weather application. See “Winter Tires,” the next section in
this manual.
• H igh performance tires may also wear more quickly, ride more firmly, and produce
m
ore noise during operation.
Consult your vehicle Owner’s Manual and tire information placard, or a qualified tire
s e
rvice professional, for more information and specifics regarding these types of tires.
BRIDGESTONE® - FIRESTONE®
48
WINTER TIRES
In Winter driving conditions, vehicle control and safe operation under braking and
cornering is especially dependent upon the rear tires. For this reason, Winter tires are
best applied to all wheel positions. Some vehicles have specific recommendations
regarding Winter tire use; consult your vehicle Owner’s Manual and tire information
placard.
• If Winter tires are to be applied to the front axle of any vehicle, they must also be a
pplied to the rear axle for safe operation. This applies to all passenger cars and light
trucks, including Front Wheel Drive (FWD), Four Wheel Drive (4WD) and All Wheel Drive
(AWD) vehicles.
• I f Winter tires are to be applied to the rear axle of any vehicle, it is recommended that
t
hey also be installed on the front axle.
• I t is generally acceptable to apply a tire with a lower speed rating than your original
t
ires for use in Winter weather conditions; however, speed should be reduced accord -
ingly. All Winter tires should be the same speed rating. See “Tire Speed Ratings” in this
m a
nual.
• W inter tires used in warmer, Summer weather conditions may wear more rapidly.
•
Studded Winter tires follow the same recommendations as above; consult a qualified
t
ire service professional for information regarding any seasonal restrictions.
TIRE MIXING
WARNING!
Winter driving presents special challenges for vehicle mobility. The use of winter tires
(including studs and chains)—while improving traction performance in snow and
ice—requires special care with regard to acceleration, braking, cornering, and speed. It
is important to drive with care, not only on snow and ice, but on dry and wet roads as
well.
WARNING!
Driving your vehicle with an improper mix of tires is dangerous. Your vehicle’s handling
characteristics can be seriously affected. You could have an accident resulting in
serious personal injury or death. Consult your vehicle owner’s manual and a qualified
tire service professional for proper tire replacement.
BRIDGESTONE® - FIRESTONE®
49
HIGH SPEED DRIVING
• Regardless of the speed and handling capabilities of your car and its tires, a loss of vehicle control can result from exceeding the maximum speed allowed by law or
warranted by traffic, weather, vehicle, or road conditions.
• H igh-speed driving should be left to trained professionals operating under controlled
c
onditions.
• N o tire, regardless of its design or speed rating, has unlimited capacity for speed, and
a
sudden tire failure can occur if its limits are exceeded. See “Tire Speed Ratings,” the
next section in this manual.
Refer to your vehicle Owner’s Manual for any tire pressure recommendations for high
s p
eed driving.
TIRE SPEED RATINGS
A tire bearing a letter “speed rating” designation indicates the tire’s speed capability
according to standardized laboratory tests. This speed rating system is intended to
permit comparison of the speed capabilities of different tires. When replacing your tires,
consult your vehicle Owner’s Manual and tire information placard for recommendations,
if any, concerning the use of speed rated tires.
• To avoid reducing the speed capability of the vehicle, replace a speed rated tire only w
ith another tire having at least the same speed rating. It is the “top speed” of the
“slowest” tire on the vehicle which limits the vehicle’s top speed without tire failure.
• T he tire’s speed rating is void if the tire is repaired, retreaded, damaged, abused, or
o
therwise altered from its original condition. Thereafter, it should be treated as a
non-speed rated tire.
• N on-speed rated tires are usually for ordinary passenger car or light truck service and
n
ot for high speed driving.
• F or winter tires used in cold weather conditions, it is generally acceptable to apply a
t
ire with a lower speed rating than your original tires; however, speed should be
reduced accordingly. All winter tires should be the same speed rating. Some vehicles
have specific recommendations regarding winter tire use; consult your vehicle
Owner’s Manual and tire information placard. See “Winter Tires” in this manual.
These speed ratings are based on standardized laboratory tests under specific,
co
ntrolled conditions. While these tests may relate to performance on the road,
real-world driving is rarely identical to any test conditions. Your tire’s actual speed
capability may be less than its rated speed since it is affected by factors such as inflation
WARNING!
Driving at high speed is dangerous and can cause a vehicle accident, including
serious personal injury or death.
FALKEN TIRE CORPORATION
75
• A plug and patch or plug/patch combo should be used to effectively repair a tire punc -
ture.
• I f anything seems questionable at any time during the repair process, ask your service
a
dvisor for more details and/or call the tire manufacturer to make sure the tire’s
warranty is not being voided.
TIRE MIX USAGE
TIRE SPEED RATINGS
Falken recommends replacing your tire(s) with the same speed rating as the original tires
equipped on your vehicle.
It is okay to use a lower speed rated tire when using Winter tires. However, speeds should
b e
reduced to match the tires new “maximum” speed capability.
Any tire that is repaired, damaged, abused, altered from its original state or retreaded
v o
ids the speed rating on that particular tire and should be considered a non-speed rated
tire.
HIGH PERFORMANCE, LOW ASPECT RATIO TIRES
Various new vehicles come equipped with high performance and/or low aspect ratio tires
from the factory. These tires generally provide increased vehicle handling
characteristics, but may also have engineering performance trade-offs related with their
designs. Low aspect ratio tires have reduced sidewall heights and may be more
vulnerable to damage from road hazards, potholes, and other objects, like curbs. Your
vehicle’s wheels are susceptible to these same dangers as well. Some vehicles may be
originally equipped with high performance tires that are designed for warmer weather
use, reducing traction in colder, winter weather conditions. High performance tires also
pose the possibility of wearing more quickly, giving a stiffer ride, and producing louder
noise than standard all-season tires during operation. Refer to your vehicle Owner’s
Manual, tire information placard, or qualified tire service professional for more
information about these kinds of tires.
WARNING!
Never mix tires of different size or construction and/or type on any axle. (Except for
temporary use as a spare tire.) Always refer to the vehicle’s owner manual for proper
tire fitments.
WARNING!
Falken does not recommend the use of mixing different speed ratings on a vehicle.
This can cause poor handling and unpredictable steering.