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51
TIRE WEAR—VISUAL CHECK
Check for obvious signs of wear.
Place a penny in the tire tread grooves as
shown. If you can see the top of Lincoln’s
h
ead, the tire is worn out and needs to be
replaced.
TIRE MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY
IN
FORMATION
Any tire, no matter how well constructed,
ma
y fail in use as a result of punctures,
impact damage, improper inflation,
overloading, or other conditions resulting
from use or misuse. Tire failure may create a risk of property damage,
serious personal injury or death.
To reduce the risk of tire failure, Bridgestone® Firestone® North
A m
erican Tire, LLC strongly recommends you read and follow all
safety information contained in this manual. In addition, we
recommend periodic inspection and maintenance, if necessary, by a
qualified tire service professional.
WARNING!
Serious personal injury or death may result from a tire failure.
Ma
ny tire failures are preceded by vibration, bumps, bulges or
irregular wear. If a vibration occurs while driving your vehicle or
you notice a bump, bulge or irregular wear, have your tires and
vehicle evaluated by a qualified tire service professional.
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52
TIRE FAILURE WHILE DRIVING
TIRE INFLATION PRESSURE
Tires need proper inflation pressure to operate effectively and
p e
rform as intended. Tires carry the vehicle, passenger, and cargo
loads and transmit the braking, acceleration, and turning forces. The
vehicle manufacturer recommends the inflation pressures for the tires
mounted on your vehicle.
WARNING!
It is not often that a properly maintained tire will “blow out”
wh
ile you are driving. More commonly, if inflation pressure is
lost, it will be gradual. If you do experience a blowout or sudden
tire failure, the following information should be helpful:
• When the failure occurs, you may hear a loud noise, feel a vibra -
t
ion, and/or the vehicle may pull toward the side of the failed
ti
re.
• DO NOT abruptly brake or turn.
•
Slowly remove your foot from the accelerator, hold the steering
w
heel firmly, and steer to maintain your lane position.
• Once the vehicle has slowed, apply the brakes gently.
•
Gradually pull over to the shoulder and come to a stop, as far off
t
he road as possible.
WARNING!
Driving on tires with improper inflation pressure is dangerous.
• Under-inflation causes excessive tire heat build-up and internal
s
tructural damage.
• Over-inflation makes it more likely for tires to be cut, punctured,
o
r broken by sudden impact.
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55
TIPS FOR SAFE TIRE INFLATION
• Check your tire pressures, including your spare tire, monthly and
b
efore long trips or carrying extra weight. Be sure to use an accurate
pressure gauge.
• Check inflation pressure when the tires are “cold.” Tires are consid -
e
red “cold” when the vehicle has been parked for three hours or
mo
re, or if the vehicle has been driven less than a mile at moderate
speed.
• Never release pressure from a hot tire in order to reach the recom -
m
ended cold tire pressure. Normal driving causes tires to run hotter
an
d inflation pressure to increase. If you reduce inflation pressure
when your tires are hot, you may dangerously underinflate your
tires.
• If it is necessary to adjust inflation pressure when your tires are
“
hot”, set their pressure to 4 psi (28 kPa) above the recommended
cold inflation pressure. Recheck the inflation pressure when the tires
are cold.
• If your tires lose more than 2 psi (14 kPa) per month, the tire, the
v
alve, or wheel may be damaged. Consult a qualified tire service
professional for an inspection.
• Use valve caps to keep the valves clear of debris and to help guard
a
gainst inflation pressure loss.
WARNING!
Inflating an unsecured tire is dangerous. If it bursts, it could be
hu
rled into the air with explosive force resulting in serious
personal injury or death. Never inflate a tire unless it is secured to
the vehicle or a tire mounting machine.
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56
TIPS FOR SAFE LOADING
• Always keep the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended inflation
p
ressure in all your tires, including the spare. Check their pressure
monthly and before long trips or carrying extra weight.
• Never exceed the maximum load rating stamped on the sidewall of
y
our tire.
• Never exceed the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) or front/ r
ear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) of your vehicle.
• Consult your vehicle Owner’s Manual for load recommendations
a
nd special instructions such as for trailer/towing and snow plow
installations.
TIRE DAMAGE, INSPECTION AND SERVICE LIFE
Evaluation and maintenance of your tires is important to their
pe
rformance and the service they provide to you. Over time and/or
through use, the condition of a tire can change from exposure to
everyday road conditions, the environment, damaging events such as
punctures, and other external factors.
WARNING!
Driving your vehicle in an overloaded condition is dangerous.
Ov
erloading causes excessive tire heat build-up and internal
structural damage. This can cause a tire failure, even at a later
date, which could lead to serious personal injury or death.
Consult the vehicle tire information placard, certification label,
and owner’s manual for the recommended vehicle load limits and
loading recommendations.
WARNING!
Driving on damaged tires is dangerous. A damaged tire can
su
ddenly fail causing serious personal injury or death. Have your
tires regularly inspected by a qualified tire service professional.
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57
You should visually inspect your tires on a regular basis throughout
their life, and you should have your tires periodically evaluated by a
qualified tire service professional when your vehicle is serviced such
as routine maintenance intervals, oil changes, and tire rotations. In
particular, note the following tips for spotting tire damage:
• After striking anything unusual in the roadway, have a qualified tire
s
ervice professional demount the tire and inspect it for damage. A
tire may not have visible signs of damage on the tire surface. Yet, the
tire may suddenly fail without warning, a day, a week, or even
months later.
• Inspect your tires for cuts, cracks, splits or bruises in the tread and
s
idewall areas. Bumps or bulges may indicate a separation within
the tire body. Have your tire inspected by a qualified tire service
professional. It may be necessary to have it removed from the wheel
for a complete inspection.
• Inspect your tires for adequate tread depth. When the tire is worn to
t
he built-in indicators at 2/32 inch (1.6 mm) or less tread groove
de
pth, or the tire cord or fabric is exposed, the tire is dangerously
worn and must be replaced immediately.
• Inspect your tires for uneven wear. Wear on one side of the tread or
f
lat spots in the tread may indicate a problem with the tire or vehicle.
Consult a qualified tire service professional.
• Inspect your wheels also. If you have a bent or cracked wheel, it
m
ust be replaced.
• Don’t forget to check the spare tire.
M
ake sure your tires, including the spare tire, continue to be regularly
in
spected after 5 years of service to determine if they can continue in
service. Even when your tires appear to be usable from their external
appearance or the tread depth may have not reached the minimum
wear out depth, it is recommended that all tires (including spare tires
and “temporary use” spares) more than 10 years old be replaced with
new tires.
The 10 year period after the date of production is not an indicator of
ac
tual service life for any individual tire. Some tires will need to be
replaced before 10 years due to conditions such as punctures, impact
damage, improper inflation, overloading, tread wear or other
conditions involving use or misuse of the tire. If a tire is worn out or
otherwise unserviceable from damage or conditions of use, it should
be replaced regardless of when it was produced or placed in service.
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59
TIRE REPAIRS
A complete inspection and repair of your tire in accordance with
Ru
bber Manufacturers Association (RMA) procedures should be
conducted by a qualified tire service professional. While the
comprehensive procedures and recommendations for tire repair are
beyond the scope of this manual, a proper tire repair includes the
following:
• The tire is demounted from the wheel for a complete inspection,
i
nside and out. Some damage to the tire may only be evident on the
interior of the tire.
• The puncture injury is 1/4
inch (6 mm) or less and must be within
th
e tread area as shown in the graphic. This helps ensure long-term
tire and repair durability.
• A patch is applied to the interior of the tire and the puncture hole
i
s filled with a suitable plug/stem filler. This helps ensure that the
interior of the tire is adequately sealed to prevent inflation pressure
loss and prevents contamination of the steel belts and other plies
from the elements (such as water) in the outside world.
WARNING!
Driving on an improperly repaired tire is dangerous. An improper
re
pair can be unreliable or permit further damage to the tire. The
tire may suddenly fail, causing serious personal injury or death.
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61
• Using only a plug/stem, or using only a patch, is not a safe or proper
repair. A patch must be applied to the interior of the tire and the
puncture hole must be filled with a suitable plug/stem filler to
prevent inflation pressure loss and contamination of the steel belts
and other plies.
• NEVER substitute a tube for a proper repair or to remedy an
i
mproper repair.
• Tubes, like tires, should only be repaired by a qualified tire service
p
rofessional.
• Some vehicle manufacturers do not recommend using repaired
t
ires. Consult your vehicle Owner’s Manual or contact the vehicle
manufacturer before operating a repaired tire on your vehicle.
ASK how your tire will be repaired. ALWAYS insist on a proper tire
re
pair.
Emergency/Temporary Sealant or Filler Repairs: A
n emergency/
temporary sealant or filler injected into the tire, such as by aerosol can
or injection/squeeze-tube, is not a proper repair and voids the tire
Limited Warranty. A tire injected with such sealant/filler must be
replaced by a qualified tire service professional as soon as possible.
Speed Rating: T
he tire’s speed rating is void if the tire is repaired,
retreaded, damaged, abused, or otherwise altered from its original
condition. Thereafter, it should be treated as a non-speed rated tire.
See “Tire Speed Ratings” in this manual.
Improper repair voids the tire Limited Warranty. S
ee “Limited
Warranty” in this manual.
RFT (Run-Flat Technology) Tires: I
n addition to the above, there are
recommendations specific to the repair of RFT tires; see “RFT Tires
with Run-Flat Technology” in this manual.
WARNING!
Tell the tire service professional if you have used an aerosol fixer
to
inflate/seal the tire. Aerosol fixers could contain a highly
volatile gas. Always remove the valve core outdoors, away from
sources of excessive heat, flame, or sparks and completely deflate
the tire before removing it from the wheel.
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62
TIRE MOUNTING AND OTHER SERVICING
This manual is not intended to provide proper training or service
pr
ocedures for tire mounting, demounting, balancing, rotation, or
repair. Please leave these tasks to qualified tire service
professionals. For your safety and that of others:
• Always stand well clear of any tire mounting operation. This is espe -
c
ially important when the service operator inflates the tire. If the tire
ha
s been improperly mounted, it may burst with explosive force
causing serious personal injury or death.
• Tires must match the width and diameter requirements of the
w
heels. For example, 16 inch diameter tires must only be mounted
to
16 inch diameter wheels. Radial tires must only be mounted to
wh
eels approved for radial tires.
• Wheels must be free of cracks, dents, chips, and rust. Tires must be
f
ree of bead damage, cuts, and punctures.
• Never inflate a tire beyond 40 psi (275 kPa) to seat the beads. Be
a
bsolutely certain beads are fully seated before adjusting inflation
pressure to the level recommended for vehicle operation.
• Never put flammable substances in tire/wheel assemblies at any
t
ime. Never put any flammable substance into a tire/wheel
assembly and attempt to ignite to seat the beads.
• Always stand well away from the work area when tires are being
s
pin balanced either on or off the vehicle.
WARNING!
Removing and replacing tires on wheels can be dangerous.
At
tempting to mount tires with improper tools or procedures may
result in a tire explosion causing serious personal injury or death.
This is only a job for a qualified tire service professional. Never
perform tire service procedures without proper training, tools,
and equipment.