2020 VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE ESP

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WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.
548
WARNING
The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stabilityand handling requirements. Unap-proved wheel/tire size combinationscan negatively affect your vehicle's sta-bility and handling.
Any damage caused by installation ofunapproved wheel/tire size combina-tions will not be covered by your newvehicle warranty. Volvo assumes noresponsibility for death, injury, orexpenses that may result from suchinstallations.
Related information
Checking tire pressure (p. 553)
Tire direction of rotation (p. 548)
Tread wear indicator (p. 549)
Tire pressure monitoring system
*
(p. 555)
Tire sealing system (p. 568)
Uniform Tire Quality Grading (p. 552)
Tire terminology (p. 549)
Tire sidewall designations (p. 550)
Loading recommendations (p. 585)
Tire direction of rotation Tires with tread designed to roll in only one direction are marked with an arrow on thesidewall.
The arrow shows the tire's direction of rotation.
The tire should maintain the same direc- tion of rotation throughout its service life.
Tires should only be moved between thefront and back, never from right to left orvice versa.
Incorrectly mounted tires impair the vehi-cle's braking properties and ability to forceaside rain, snow and slush.
The tires with the most tread shouldalways be mounted on the rear wheels tohelp reduce the risk of skidding.
NOTE
Use tires of the same type, dimensions and make (manufacturer) on each axle.
Related information
Tires (p. 546)

WHEELS AND TIRES
551
NOTE
The tire's load index and speed rating may not appear on the sidewall because theyare not required by law.
7.M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All
Terrain, AS = All Season
8. U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN) : This begins with the letters "DOT"
and indicates that the tire meets all federalstandards. The next two numbers are thefactory code where the tire was manufac-tured, the next two are the tire size codeand the last four numbers represent theweek and year the tire was made. Forexample, 0717 means that the tire wasmanufactured during week 7 of 2017. Thenumbers in between are marketing codesused at the manufacturer's discretion. Thisinformation helps a tire manufactureridentify a tire for safety recall purposes.
9. Tire Ply Composition and Material Used :
Indicates the number of plies indicates orthe number of layers of rubber-coated fab-ric in the tire tread and sidewall. Tire man-ufacturers also must indicate the plymaterials in the tire and the sidewall,which include steel, nylon, polyester, andothers.
10. Maximum Load : Indicates the maximum
load in pounds and kilograms that can be carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle'stire information placard located on the B-Pillar for the correct tire pressure for yourvehicle.
11. Treadwear, Traction, and Temperaturegrades .
12. Maximum permissible inflationpressure: the greatest amount of air pres-
sure that should ever be put in the tire.This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.
Speed SymbolA tire's Speed Symbol (SS) indicates the maxi-mum speed for which the tire has been certi-fied and should be at least equivalent to thevehicle's top speed. Winter tires, with or without studs, are excep- tions and may use a lower SS. When wintertires are installed, the vehicle may not bedriven faster than the tires' SS. The vehicle's speed should always be deter- mined by the posted speed limit and trafficand road conditions, not the tire's SS. The following table indicates the maximum permissible speed for each SS.
M 130 km/h (81 mph)
Q 160 km/h (100 mph)
T 190 km/h (118 mph)
H 210 km/h (130 mph)
V 240 km/h (149 mph)
W 270 km/h (168 mph)
Y 300 km/h (186 mph)
WARNING
The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stabilityand handling requirements. Unap-proved wheel/tire size combinationscan negatively affect your vehicle's sta-bility and handling.
Any damage caused by installation ofunapproved wheel/tire size combina-tions will not be covered by your newvehicle warranty. Volvo assumes noresponsibility for death, injury, orexpenses that may result from suchinstallations.
Related information
Tires (p. 546)

WHEELS AND TIRES
552
Uniform Tire Quality GradingALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETYREQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESEGRADES .
Quality grades can be found, where applica- ble, on the tire sidewall between the treadshoulder and maximum section width. Forexample: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEARThe treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when testedunder controlled conditions on a specifiedgovernment test course. For example, a tiregraded 150 would wear one and one half (1 ½)times as well on the government course as atire graded 100. The relative performance oftires depends upon the actual conditions oftheir use, however, and many depart signifi-cantly from the norm due to variation in drivinghabits, maintenance practices and differencesin road characteristics and climate.
TRACTIONThe traction grades, from highest to lowest,are AA, A, B, and C, as measured under con-trolled conditions on specified governmenttest surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tiremarked C may have poor traction perform-ance.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) tractiontests and is not a measure of cornering(turning) traction.
TEMPERATUREThe temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to thegeneration of heat and its ability to dissipateheat when tested under controlled conditionson a specified indoor laboratory test wheel.Sustained high temperature can cause thematerial of the tire to degenerate and reducetire life, and excessive temperature can lead tosudden tire failure. The grade C correspondsto a minimum level of performance that allpassenger vehicle tires must meet under theFederal Motor Safety Standard No. 109.Grades B and A represent higher levels of per-formance on the laboratory test wheel thanthe minimum required by law.
WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated andnot overloaded. Excessive speed, under-inflation, or excessive loading, either sepa-rately or in combination, can cause heatbuildup and tire failure.
Related information
Tires (p. 546)
Tire sidewall designations (p. 550)

WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.553
Checking tire pressure
Correct inflation pressure helps improve driv- ing stability, save fuel and increase the serv-ice life of the tires.
Tire pressure decreases over time, which is normal. Tire pressure also varies depending onthe ambient temperature. Driving on under-inflated tires could cause the vehicle to over-heat and lead to damage. Tire pressure affectstraveling comfort, road noise and driving cha-racteristics. Check the pressure in the tires every month. Use the recommended inflation pressure forcold tires to help maintain good tire perform-ance. Under-inflated or over-inflated tirescould cause uneven tread wear. Use an air pressure gauge and check the infla- tion pressure on all the tires, including the spare tire 4
, at least once a month and before
long trips. Volvo recommends buying a relia- ble air pressure gauge, as the automaticgauges provided at service stations may beinaccurate.
WARNING
Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result insevere tire cracking, tread separation,or "blow-out," with unexpected loss ofvehicle control and increased risk ofinjury.
Under-inflated tires reduce the loadcarrying capacity of your vehicle.
Cold tiresInflation pressure should be checked when thetires are cold. The tires are considered to becold when they have the same temperature asthe surrounding (ambient) air. This tempera-ture is normally reached after the vehicle hasbeen parked for at least 3 hours. After driving for approximately 1.6 km (1 mile), the tires are considered to be warm. If youneed to drive longer than that to inflate thetires, check and record the inflation pressureof the tires first and inflate accordingly whenyou arrive at the pump. When the ambient temperature changes, so does the inflation pressure. A 10-degree tem-perature drop causes a corresponding drop ininflation pressure of 1 psi (7 kPa). Check theinflation pressure of the tires regularly andadjust to the correct pressure, which can be found on the vehicle's tire information decal orcertification label. If you check inflation pressure when the tires are warm, you should never release air. Thetires become warm after driving and it is nor-mal for warm tires to have an inflation pres-sure above the recommended pressure forcold tires. A warm tire with an inflation pres-sure equal to or under the recommended pres-sure for cold tires could be significantly under-inflated.Related information

Adjusting tire pressure (p. 554)
Recommended tire pressure (p. 555)
Tire pressure monitoring system
*
(p. 555)
Tires (p. 546)
4
Not available in all models.

WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
* Option/accessory.555
Recommended tire pressure
The tire pressure placard on the driver's side B pillar (between the front and the rear door)indicates tire pressure for different loads andspeed conditions.
The decal specifies the designation for the fac- tory-mounted tires on the vehicle, as well asload limits and inflation pressures.
Related information
Checking tire pressure (p. 553)
Approved tire pressure (p. 672)
Tire pressure monitoring system
*
The tire pressure monitoring system 6
pro-
vides a warning symbol in the instrument panel if pressure is too low in one or moretires.
This symbol illuminates to indicate low inflation pressure. If there is a system malfunction, the inflation pressure warning symbol
will flash for approximately one minute andthen glow steadily.
System descriptionThe tire pressure monitoring system measures differences in rotational speed between thewheels through the ABS system to determineif the tires are properly inflated. If inflationpressure in a tire is too low, its diameter (andconsequently its rotational speed) changes. Bycomparing the tires with each other, the sys-tem can determine if the pressure in one ormore tires is too low.
General information about the tire pressure monitoring system
In the following description, the tire monitor- ing system is generally referred to as TPMS. Each tire, including the spare (if provided) 7
should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recom- mended by the vehicle manufacturer on thevehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label.(If your vehicle has tires of a different size thanthe size indicated on the vehicle placard or tireinflation pressure label, you should determinethe proper tire inflation pressure for thosetires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoringsystem (TPMS) that illuminates a low tirepressure telltale when one or more of yourtires is significantly under-inflated. Accord-ingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illumi-nates, you should stop and check your tires assoon as possible, and inflate them to theproper pressure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tirefailure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel effi-ciency and tire tread life, and may affect thevehicle's handling and stopping ability. Pleasenote that the TPMS is not a substitute forproper tire maintenance, and it is the driver'sresponsibility to maintain correct tire pressure,even if under-inflation has not reached thelevel to trigger illumination of the TPMS lowtire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when
6
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
7 Not available on all models.

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WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.
566
WARNING
The vehicle must never be driven with more than one "Temporary Spare" tiremounted.
Driving with a spare wheel may alterthe driving characteristics of the vehi-cle. Replace the spare wheel with anormal wheel as soon as possible.
The spare wheel is smaller than thenormal wheel, which affects the vehi-cle's ground clearance. Watch for highcurbs and do not wash the vehicle inan automatic car wash when a sparewheel is mounted.
Follow the manufacturer's recom-mended tire inflation pressure for thespare wheel.
On all-wheel drive vehicles, the driveon the rear axle can be disconnected.
If the spare wheel is mounted on thefront axle, snow chains must not beused.
The spare wheel must not be repaired.
CAUTION
The vehicle must not be driven with wheels of different dimensions or with a spare tireother than the one that came with the vehi-cle. The use of different size wheels canseriously damage your vehicle's transmis-sion.
Related information
When changing wheels (p. 560)
Recommended tire pressure (p. 555)
Handling spare tires Follow these instructions regarding handling the spare wheel.
This illustration is generic and appearance may vary.
The spare wheel is stored in a bag and should be secured with two straps onto the floor ofthe trunk/cargo compartment when the vehi- cle is being driven 14
. The straps should be
strapped down crosswise over the wheel, attached to the load anchoring eyelets andpulled taut. Wheel changing tools are located under the cargo compartment floor.
Related information
Spare wheel (p. 565)
Tool kit (p. 560)
Removing a wheel (p. 562)
14
The backrest in the third row of seats * must be folded down.

WHEELS AND TIRES
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567
Snow tires
Snow tires are designed for winter driving conditions.
Volvo recommends snow tires with specific dimensions. The tire dimensions vary depend-ing on engine type. When driving with snowtires, the correct type of tires must be moun-ted on all four wheels.
NOTE
Contact a Volvo dealer for advice on the best choice of rims and tires.
Tips for changing snow tiresWhen switching between regular tires and snow tires, mark the tires according to whichside they were mounted on, e.g. L for left and
R for right.
Studded tiresStudded tires should be broken in by driving500–1000 km (300–600 miles) slowly andgently to help the studs settle properly in thetires. This gives the tire, and especially thestuds, a longer service life.
NOTE
Regulations regarding the use of studded tires vary from country to country.
Tread depthRoad conditions with ice, slush and low tem- peratures place considerably higher demandson tires than summer conditions. Volvo there-fore recommends not driving on snow tiresthat have a tread depth of less than 4 mm(0.15 inch).
Related information
When changing wheels (p. 560)
Winter driving (p. 450)
Tread wear indicator (p. 549)
Snow chains
Using snow chains and/or snow tires can help improve traction in winter driving condi-tions.
Volvo does not recommend use of snow chains on wheel dimensions larger than19 inches.
WARNING
Use Volvo genuine snow chains or equiva- lent snow chains that are suitable for thevehicle model and the tire and wheel sizes.Only one-sided snow chains are permit-
ted. If uncertain about snow chains, Volvo rec- ommends contacting an authorized Volvoworkshop. Use of the wrong snow chainscould cause serious damage to the vehicleand result in an accident.

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WHEELS AND TIRES
570
Sealing compound bottle
Switch
Connecting
NOTE
Do not break the seal of the bottle before use. The seal is broken automatically whenthe bottle is screwed into place.
WARNING
Please keep the following points in mind when using the tire sealing system: The sealing compound bottle (no. 8 in the illustration) contains 1) rubber latex,natural and 2) ethanediol. These sub-stances are harmful if swallowed.
The contents of this bottle may causeallergic skin reactions or otherwise bepotentially harmful to the respiratorytract, the skin, the central nervous sys-tem, and the eyes.
Precautions:
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not ingest the contents.
Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with the skin. Remove any clothing that has come into contact with seal-ant.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
First aid:
Skin: Wash affected areas of the skinwith soap and water. Get medicalattention if symptoms occur.
Eyes: Flush with plenty of water forleast 15 minutes, occasionally lifting
the upper and lower eyelids. Get medi- cal attention if symptoms occur.
Inhalation: Move the exposed personto fresh air. If irritation persists, getmedical attention.
Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomitingunless directed to do so by medicalpersonnel. Get medical attention.
Disposal: Dispose of this material andits container at a hazardous or specialwaste collection point.
WARNING
Do not remove the bottle while the tire sealing system is being used.
Do not remove the hose while the tiresealing system is being used.
1. Turn on the vehicle's hazard warning flashers if the tire sealing system is to beused in an area with traffic. If the puncture was caused by a nail or similar object, do not remove it. It will helpseal the hole.
17Temporary Mobility Kit