2019 VOLVO S90 TWIN ENGINE brake sensor

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DRIVER SUPPORT
340

WARNING
The "City Safety in crossing traffic" func-tion is supplementary driver supportintended to improve driving safety – itcannot handle all situations in all traffic,weather and road conditions.
Warnings and brake interventions due toa collision risk with an oncoming vehicleoften come very late.
Never wait for a collision warning or forCity Safety to intervene.
City Safety is not a substitute for the driv-er's attention and judgment. The driver isalways responsible for ensuring the vehi-cle is driven in a safe manner, at theappropriate speed, with an appropriatedistance to other vehicles, and in accord-ance with current traffic rules and regula-tions.

Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
Limitations of City Safety incrossing traffic
In certain situations, it may be difficult for CitySafety to help the driver avoid a collision withcrossing traffic.
For example:
on slippery roads when Electronic StabilityControl (ESC) is actively operating
if an approaching vehicle is detected at a latestage
if the oncoming vehicle is partially obstructedby another vehicle or object
if the oncoming vehicle's headlights are off
if the oncoming vehicle is moving erraticallyand e.g. suddenly changes lanes at a latestage.
NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's combinedcamera and radar unit, which has certain gen-eral limitations; see sections "Camera limita-tions" and "Radar sensor limitations".

Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
City Safety limitations (p. 343)
City Safety in crossing traffic (p. 339)
Camera limitations (p. 330)
Radar sensor limitations (p. 325)

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City Safety and delayed evasivemaneuvers
City Safety can assist the driver by automaticallybraking the vehicle when it is not possible toavoid a collision by steering alone.
City Safety assists the driver by periodicallyattempting to predict possible "escape routes" tothe sides of the vehicle in the event a slow-mov-ing or stationary vehicle were to be detected at alate stage.
Your vehicle (1) cannot detect any potential escaperoutes for veering away from the vehicle ahead (2) andmay therefore apply the brakes at an earlier stage.
Own vehicle
Slow-moving/stationary vehicles
City Safety will not intervene to automaticallyapply the brakes if it is possible for the driver toavoid a collision by steering the vehicle.
However, if City Safety determines that an eva-sive maneuver would not be possible due to traf-fic in the adjacent lane(s), the function can assistthe driver by automatically starting to apply thebrakes at an earlier stage.

WARNING
The possibility of City Safety predicting acertain situation is supplementary driversupport intended to improve driving safety– it cannot handle all situations in all traf-fic, weather and road conditions.
City Safety is not a substitute for the driv-er's attention and judgment. The driver isalways responsible for ensuring the vehi-cle is driven in a safe manner, at theappropriate speed, with an appropriatedistance to other vehicles, and in accord-ance with current traffic rules and regula-tions.

Limitations of City Safety during evasive
maneuvers
NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's combinedcamera and radar unit, which has certain gen-eral limitations; see sections "Camera limita-tions" and "Radar sensor limitations".
Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
Camera limitations (p. 330)
Radar sensor limitations (p. 325)

DRIVER SUPPORT
342
City Safety braking for oncomingvehicles
City Safety can help you apply the brakes for anoncoming vehicle in your lane.
If an oncoming vehicle veers into your lane and acollision is unavoidable, City Safety can helpreduce your vehicle's speed to attempt to miti-gate the force of the collision.
Own vehicle
Oncoming vehicles
The following criteria must be met for the func-tion to work:
your vehicle's speed must be above 4 km/h(3 mph)
the road must be straight
your lane must have clear side lane markings
your vehicle must be positioned straight inyour lane
the oncoming vehicle must be positionedwithin your vehicle's lane markings
the oncoming vehicle's headlights must beon
the function can only handle “front-to-front”collisions
the function can only detect vehicles withfour wheels
the function requires functioning ElectricSeat Belt Tensioners (see section “Seatbelt tensioners”).

NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's combinedcamera and radar unit, which has certain gen-eral limitations; see sections "Camera limita-tions" and "Radar sensor limitations".
WARNING
The "City Safety braking for oncomingvehicles" function is supplementary driversupport intended to help improve drivingsafety – it cannot handle all situations inall traffic, weather and road conditions.
Warnings and brake interventions due toan imminent collision with an oncomingvehicle always come very late.
Never wait for a collision warning or forCity Safety to intervene. If you notice anyhazard or other potentially dangerous sit-uation, always fully apply the brakes.
City Safety is not a substitute for the driv-er's attention and judgment. The driver isalways responsible for ensuring the vehi-cle is driven in a safe manner, at theappropriate speed, with an appropriatedistance to other vehicles, and in accord-ance with current traffic rules and regula-tions.

Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
City Safety limitations (p. 343)
Camera limitations (p. 330)
Radar sensor limitations (p. 325)
Seat belt tensioners (p. 50)

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DRIVER SUPPORT
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Other limitations
WARNING
Warnings and brake interventions can betriggered late or not at all if the traffic sit-uation or external influences prevent thecamera and radar unit from properlydetecting pedestrians, cyclists, large ani-mals or vehicles ahead of the vehicle.
To be able to detect vehicles at night, itsfront and rear lights must work and illumi-nate clearly.
The camera and radar unit have a limitedrange for pedestrians and cyclists – thesystem can provide effective warningsand brake interventions if the relativespeed is lower than 50 km/h (30 mph).For stationary or slow-moving vehicles,warnings and brake interventions areeffective at vehicle speeds of up to70 km/h (43 mph). Speed reduction forlarge animals is less than 15 km/h(9 mph) and can be achieved at vehiclespeeds over 70 km/h (43 mph). At lowerspeeds, the warning and brake interven-tion for large animals is less effective.
Warnings for stationary or slow-movingvehicles and large animals can be disen-gaged due to darkness or poor visibility.
Warnings and brake interventions forpedestrians and cyclists are disengagedat vehicle speeds over 80 km/h(50 mph).
Do not place, affix or mount anything onthe inside or outside of the windshield, orin front of or around the camera andradar unit – this could disrupt camera-based functions.
Objects, snow, ice or dirt in the area ofthe camera sensor can reduce the func-tion, disengage it completely or give animproper function response.

NOTE
The function uses the vehicle's combinedcamera and radar unit, which has certain gen-eral limitations; see sections "Camera limita-tions" and "Radar sensor limitations".

Market limitations
City Safety is not available in all countries. If CitySafety is not shown in the center display'sSettings menu, your vehicle is not equipped withthis function.
In the center display's Top view, tap:
SettingsMy CarIntelliSafe
Related information
City Safety™ (p. 333)
Camera limitations (p. 330)
Radar sensor limitations (p. 325)

DRIVER SUPPORT
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383
Park Assist front, rear and sides
Park Assist has different parameters dependingon which part of the vehicle is approaching anobstacle.

Front camera
Continuous tone warning signal when the obstacle isless than approx. 30 cm (1 ft) from the vehicle 107.
Park Assist's front sensors are automatically acti-vated when the engine is started. They are activeat speeds below 10 km/h (6 mph).
The distance monitored extends approx. 80 cm(2.5 ft) in front of the vehicle.
NOTE
The Parking Assist system is deactivatedwhen the parking brake is applied or when Pis selected on vehicles with automatic trans-mission.

CAUTION
When installing auxiliary lights: Make surethese do not obscure the sensors – the auxili-ary lights could be perceived as an obstacle.

Back
Continuous tone warning signal when the obstacle isless than approx. 30 cm (1 ft) from the vehicle 107
The rear sensors will be activated if the vehiclebegins rolling backward or if reverse gear isengaged.
The distance monitored extendsapprox. 1.5 meters (5 ft) behind the vehicle.
The Parking Assist system's rear sensors will beautomatically deactivated if the vehicle is backingup with a trailer connected to the vehicle's elec-trical system.
NOTE
When reversing with e.g. a trailer or bike car-rier on the trailer hitch – without Volvo originaltrailer cables – the Parking Assist system mayhave to be turned off manually to prevent thesensors from reacting to these.
107The illustration is generic - details may vary according to vehicle model.

DRIVER SUPPORT
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Park Assist limitations
Park Assist may not be able to detect all condi-tions in all situations and functionality may there-fore be limited in certain cases.
The driver should be aware of the following limi-tations for Park Assist:

WARNING
Be extra cautious whenreversing if this symbol isshown when a trailer, bikecarrier or similar is attachedand electrically connectedto the vehicle.
The symbol indicates thatthe rear parking assist sensors are deacti-vated and will not warn of any obstacles.
CAUTION
Objects such as chains, thin and glossy polesor low obstacles may end up in the "signalshadow" and then go temporarily undetectedby the sensors – the pulsating tone may thenunexpectedly stop instead of becoming aconstant tone as expected.
The sensors cannot detect high objects, suchas protruding ramps.
In such situations, pay extra attention andmaneuver/drive the vehicle very slowly orstop the current parking maneuver –there may be a high risk of damage tothe vehicle or other objects since infor-mation from the sensors is not alwaysreliable in such situations.

CAUTION
In some circumstances, the Park Assist Sys-tem may produce false warnings due to exter-nal sound sources with the same ultrasonicfrequencies as those the system works with.
Examples of such sources are horns, wet tireson asphalt, pneumatic brakes, exhaust noisefrom motorcycles, etc.
NOTE
When a trailer hitch is configured with thevehicle electrical system, the trailer hitch pro-trusion is included when the function meas-ures the distance to objects behind the vehi-cle.

Related information
Park Assist* (p. 382)

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DRIVER SUPPORT
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The parking sequence is cancelled
A parking sequence will be cancelled if:
the driver moves the steering wheel
the vehicle's speed exceeds 7 km/h (4 mph)
the driver taps Cancel in the center display
when the anti-lock brakes or the Electronicstability control are engaged - e.g. when awheel loses grip on a slippery road
when the power steering works at reducedpower - e.g. during cooling due to overheat-ing (see section "Speed-dependent steeringforce").
A message in the center display will explain whythe parking sequence was cancelled.

CAUTION
Under certain circumstances, PAP may not beable to find parking spaces – one reason maybe that the sensors are disrupted by externalsound sources that emit the same ultrasonicfrequencies that the system works with.
Examples of such sources include horns, wettires on asphalt, pneumatic brakes, exhaustnoise from motorcycles, etc.
NOTE
Dirt, ice and snow covering the sensorsreduce their function and can make measure-ment impossible.

Driver responsibility
The driver should keep in mind that PAP is aparking aid ‒ not an infallible fully automatic sys-tem. The driver must always be prepared to takecontrol and cancel a parking sequence if neces-sary.
There are a number of things to keep in mindwhen parking, including:
The driver is always responsible for determin-ing if the space suggested by PAP is suita-ble for parking.
Do not use PAP when using snow chains ora temporary spare tire.
Do not use PAP if there are any objects pro-truding from the vehicle.
Heavy rain or snowfall may inhibit PAP's abil-ity to accurately measure a parking space.
While searching and measuring the parkingspace, PAP may be unable to detect objectslocated far into the space.
PAP may not suggest parking spaces onnarrow streets if it does not detect sufficientspace for maneuvering the vehicle.
Use approved tires121 inflated to the correcttire pressure because this affects PAP's abil-ity to provide parking assistance.
PAP's function is based on the way the vehi-cles are parked behind and in front of yourparking space. If they are, for example,parked too close to the curb, there is a riskthat your vehicle's tires or wheel rims couldbe damaged by the curb during the parkingprocedure.
Perpendicular parking spaces may not bedetected or may be suggested unnecessarilyif a parked vehicle is sticking out more thanother parked vehicles.
PAP is intended to provide parking assis-tance on straight streets, not sections ofstreet with sharp curves or bends. Alwaysmake sure that your vehicle is parallel to rel-evant parking spaces when PAP is measur-ing the parking space.

CAUTION
Switching to another approved wheel and/ortire dimension could change the tire circum-ference, which would then require the PAPsystem to be updated. Consult a workshop –an authorized Volvo workshop is recom-mended.
121"Approved tires" refers to tires of the same type and make as the vehicle's original, factory-installed tires.

STARTING AND DRIVING
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Brakes
The brake pedal is used to apply the vehicle'sregular brakes, which are part of the brake sys-tem.
The vehicle is equipped with two brake circuits. Ifone brake circuit is damaged, the brake pedal willgo down further when depressed. More pressurewill then be required from the driver for normalbraking effect.

WARNING
The power brakes only work when the electricmotor or combustion engine is running.
If the brake pedal is used when the engine isswitched off, greater pressure must be applied tobrake the vehicle.
In very hilly areas or when driving with a heavyload, gear position B can be used to augment thebrakes with engine braking.

Anti-lock brakes
The vehicle is equipped with an Anti-lock BrakingSystem (ABS), which helps prevent the wheelsfrom locking and helps maintain steering controlwhen braking. Vibrations may be felt from thebrake pedal when ABS is operating, which is nor-mal.
After the vehicle is started, a brief test of theABS system is automatically performed when the
driver releases the brake pedal. An additionalautomatic test of the system may be performedwhen the vehicle is traveling at a low speed. Dur-ing the test, the brake pedal may feel as though itis pulsating.
Light braking charges the hybrid battery
When the brakes are applied lightly, the electricmotor braking function is used. This converts thevehicle's kinetic energy into electrical energy,which is used to charge the hybrid battery. Whenthe battery is being charged with the electricmotor braking function, this will be indicated inthe instrument panel.
When the battery is being charged with the electricmotor braking function, this will be indicated in theinstrument panel.
This function is active at speeds in the range of150-5 km/h (93-3 mph). When braking atspeeds outside of this range, or during harderbraking, the hydraulic braking system is used to
augment braking. This is indicated in the instru-ment panel with the pointer down in the red area.
Symbols in the instrument panel
Symbol Meaning
A
B
Check the brake fluid level. If thelevel is low, fill brake fluid andcheck to determine the reason forthe loss of brake fluid.
A
B
Fault in pedal sensor.