2019 VOLVO S90 TWIN ENGINE service

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WHEELS AND TIRES
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imprinted on the sidewall of the tire. The last fourdigits in the series is the Department ofTransportation (DOT) stamp and indicates theweek and year the tire was manufactured. Thetire in the illustration has 0717 as the last fourdigits, which means it was manufactured week 7of 2017.

Tire age
Tires degrade over time, even when they are notbeing used. It is recommended that tires gener-ally be replaced after 6 years of normal service.Heat caused by hot climates, frequent high load-ing conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V.) exposure canaccelerate the aging process. The temporary
spare 2 should also be replaced at 6-year inter-vals, even if it has never been used. A tire withe.g., visible cracks or discoloration should bereplaced immediately.

Tire economy
Maintain correct tire pressure.
Avoid fast starts, hard braking and tirescreeching.
Tire wear increases with speed.
Correct front wheel alignment is very impor-tant.
Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy anddriving comfort.
Tires must maintain the same direction ofrotation throughout their lifetime.
When replacing tires, the tires with the mosttread should be mounted on the rear wheelsto reduce the chance of oversteer duringhard braking.
Hitting curbs or potholes can damage thetires and/or wheels permanently.
Tire rotation
Your vehicle has no required tire rotation. Drivingstyle, tire pressure, climate and road conditionsaffect how quickly the tires age and exhibit signsof wear. Maintaining the correct tire pressurehelps keep tread wear evenly distributed.
To help prevent differences in tread depth andwear patterns forming on the tires, the front andrear wheels should be rotated, i.e. the front tiresmoved to the rear and the rear tires moved to thefront. Ideally, tire rotation should be done the firsttime after approximately 5000 km (ca3100 miles) and thereafter at 10,000 km(approx. 6200 miles) intervals.
If you have any questions regarding tread depth,Volvo recommends consulting an authorizedVolvo workshop. If significant differences in wear(> 1 mm difference in tread depth) between thetires have already occurred, the least worn tiresshould always be mounted on the rear wheels. Afront-wheel skid (understeer) is usually easier to
control than a rear-wheel skid (oversteer). If thefront wheels skid, the vehicle will continue in astraight line instead of the rear wheels skiddingto the side, which could cause you to completelylose control of the vehicle. It is therefore impor-tant that the rear wheels never lose grip beforethe front wheels.
Storing wheels and tires
When storing complete wheels (tires mounted onrims), they should be suspended off the floor orplaced on their sides on the floor.
Tires not mounted on rims should be stored ontheir sides or standing upright, but should not besuspended.

CAUTION
Tires should preferably be stored in a cool,dry, dark place, and should never be stored inclose proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.
2Not available on all models.

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WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.544

WARNING
The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvoare specified to meet stringent stabilityand handling requirements. Unapprovedwheel/tire size combinations can nega-tively affect your vehicle's stability andhandling.
Any damage caused by installation ofunapproved wheel/tire size combinationswill not be covered by your new vehiclewarranty. Volvo assumes no responsibilityfor death, injury, or expenses that mayresult from such installations.

Related information
Checking tire pressure (p. 549)
Tire direction of rotation (p. 544)
Tread wear indicator (p. 545)
Tire pressure monitoring system* (p. 551)
Tire sealing system (p. 564)
Uniform Tire Quality Grading (p. 548)
Tire terminology (p. 545)
Tire sidewall designations (p. 546)
Loading recommendations (p. 580)
Tire direction of rotation
Tires with tread designed to roll in only onedirection are marked with an arrow on the side-wall.
The arrow shows the tire's direction of rotation.
The tire should maintain the same directionof rotation throughout its service life.
Tires should only be moved between thefront and back, never from right to left or viceversa.
Incorrectly mounted tires impair the vehicle'sbraking properties and ability to force asiderain, snow and slush.
The tires with the most tread should alwaysbe mounted on the rear wheels to helpreduce the risk of skidding.
NOTE
Use tires of the same type, dimensions andmake (manufacturer) on each axle.

Related information
Tires (p. 542)

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Checking tire pressure
Correct inflation pressure helps improve drivingstability, save fuel and increase the service life ofthe tires.
Tire pressure decreases over time, which is nor-mal. Tire pressure also varies depending on theambient temperature. Driving on under-inflatedtires could cause the vehicle to overheat and leadto damage. Tire pressure affects traveling com-fort, road noise and driving characteristics.
Check the pressure in the tires every month. Usethe recommended inflation pressure for cold tiresfor optimal tire performance and wear. Under-inflated or over-inflated tires could cause uneventread wear.
Use an air pressure gauge and check the infla-tion pressure on all the tires, including the spare
tire4, at least once a month and before long trips.Volvo strongly recommends buying a reliable airpressure gauge, as the automatic gauges provi-ded at service stations may be inaccurate.

WARNING
Under-inflation is the most commoncause of tire failure and may result insevere tire cracking, tread separation, or"blow-out," with unexpected loss of vehi-cle control and increased risk of injury.
Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-rying capacity of your vehicle.

Cold tires
Inflation pressure should be checked when thetires are cold.
The tires are considered to be cold when theyhave the same temperature as the surrounding(ambient) air.
This temperature is normally reached after thevehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours.
After driving for approximately 1.6 km (1 mile),the tires are considered to be warm. If you needto drive longer than that to inflate the tires, checkand record the inflation pressure of the tires firstand inflate accordingly when you arrive at thepump.
When the ambient temperature changes, so doesthe inflation pressure. A 10-degree temperaturedrop causes a corresponding drop in inflationpressure of 1 psi (7 kPa). Check the inflationpressure of the tires regularly and adjust to the
correct pressure, which can be found on the vehi-cle's tire information placard or certification label.
If you check inflation pressure when the tires arewarm, you should never release air. The tiresbecome warm after driving and it is normal forwarm tires to have an inflation pressure abovethe recommended pressure for cold tires. A warmtire with an inflation pressure equal to or underthe recommended pressure for cold tires couldbe significantly under-inflated.

Related information
Adjusting tire pressure (p. 550)
Recommended tire pressure (p. 551)
Tire pressure monitoring system* (p. 551)
Tires (p. 542)
4Not available in all models.

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pressure telltale. When the system detects a mal-function, the telltale will flash for approximatelyone minute and then remain continuously illumi-nated. This sequence will continue upon subse-quent vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunc-tion exists. When the malfunction indicator is illu-minated, the system may not be able to detect orsignal low tire pressure as intended.
TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety ofreasons, including the installation of replacementor alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle thatprevent the TPMS from functioning properly.
Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale afterreplacing one or more tires or wheels on yourvehicle to ensure that the replacement or alter-nate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to con-tinue to function properly.

Messages in the instrument panel
If tire pressure is too low, the low tire pressurewarning symbol is shown in the instrument panelalong with a message.
Tire pressure low Check tires, calibrateafter fill
Tire pressure system Temporarilyunavailable
Tire pressure system Service required
To keep in mind
Always calibrate the system after changingwheels or adjusting tire pressure. See the tirepressure placard on the driver's side B pillarfor Volvo-recommended tire pressures.
If you switch to a tire of another size than thefactory-mounted tires, the system must becalibrated for these tires to avoid false warn-ings.
If a spare wheel8 is used, it is possible thatthe tire pressure monitoring system will notwork correctly due to the differencesbetween the wheels.
The system does not replace the need forregular tire inspection and maintenance.
It is not possible to deactivate the tire pres-sure monitoring system.

WARNING
Incorrect inflation pressure could lead totire failure, which could cause the driverto lose control of the vehicle.
The system cannot predict sudden tiredamage.
Related information
Recommended tire pressure (p. 551)
Viewing tire pressure status in the centerdisplay* (p. 554)
Action when warned of low tire pressure(p. 555)
Calibrating the tire pressure monitoring sys-tem* (p. 553)
8Not available on all models.

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All tires gray:
Calibration in progress.
Status unknown.
The vehicle may need to be driven for a fewminutes at a speed above 35 km/h (22 mph) toactivate the system.
All tires gray and a message:
Tire pressure system Temporarilyunavailable. The indicator symbol will flashfor about 1 minute and then glow steadily.The system is temporarily unavailable and willbe activated momentarily.
Tire pressure system Service required.The indicator symbol will flash for about 1minute and then glow steadily. If the systemis not working properly, contact a work-
shop12.

Related information
Calibrating the tire pressure monitoring sys-tem* (p. 553)
Action when warned of low tire pressure(p. 555)
Tire pressure monitoring system* (p. 551)
Vehicle status (p. 588)
Action when warned of low tirepressure
When the system for monitoring inflation pres-
sure 13 detects low inflation pressure in a tire,immediate action is required.
If the system's indicator symbol illumi-nates and the message Tire pressurelow is displayed, check the tire pres-sure and inflate if necessary.
1. Switch off the ignition.
2. Check the inflation pressure on all four tiresusing a tire pressure gauge.
3.Inflate the tire to the correct inflation pres-sure; see the tire pressure placard on thedriver's side B pillar for recommended pres-sures for factory-mounted tires.
4. Through calibration of the system via thecenter display after the tire pressure hasbeen adjusted.
Please be aware that the indicator symbolwill not go out until the low tire pressure hasbeen corrected and the system has beenrecalibrated.
NOTE
To help prevent incorrect inflation pressure,pressure should be checked when the tiresare cold. The tires are considered to be coldwhen they have reached the same tempera-ture as the ambient temperature (about 3hours after the vehicle was last driven). Afterdriving for a few kilometers, the tires will warmup and the pressure will increase.

NOTE
After inflating a tire, always replace thevalve cap to help prevent valve damagecaused by gravel, dirt, etc.
Use plastic valve caps only. Metal capscould corrode and become difficult toremove.

WARNING
Incorrect inflation pressure could lead totire failure, which could cause the driverto lose control of the vehicle.
The system cannot predict sudden tiredamage.
11The illustration is generic. Layout may vary depending on vehicle model or software version.12An authorized Volvo workshop is recommended.13Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

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Snow tires
Snow tires are designed for winter driving.
Volvo recommends snow tires with specificdimensions. The tire dimensions vary dependingon engine type. When driving with snow tires, thecorrect type of tires must be mounted on all fourwheels.

NOTE
Contact a Volvo dealer for advice on the bestchoice of rims and tires.

Tips for changing snow tires
When switching between regular tires and snowtires, mark the tires according to which side theywere mounted on, e.g. L for left and R for right.

Studded tires
Studded tires should be broken in by driving500–1000 km (300–600 miles) slowly and gen-tly to help the studs settle properly in the tires.This gives the tire, and especially the studs, alonger service life.

NOTE
Regulations regarding the use of studdedtires vary from country to country.
Tread depth
Road conditions with ice, slush and low tempera-tures place considerably higher demands on tiresthan summer conditions. Volvo therefore recom-mends not driving on snow tires that have a treaddepth of less than 4 mm (0.15 inch).

Related information
When changing wheels (p. 556)
Winter driving (p. 458)
Tread wear indicator (p. 545)
Snow chains
Using snow chains and/or snow tires can helpimprove traction in winter driving conditions.
WARNING
Use Volvo genuine snow chains or equivalentsnow chains that are suitable for the vehiclemodel and the tire and wheel sizes. Only one-sided snow chains are permitted.
If uncertain about snow chains, Volvo recom-mends contacting an authorized Volvo work-shop. Use of the wrong snow chains couldcause serious damage to the vehicle andresult in an accident.