2019 MERCEDES-BENZ SPRINTER heating

#
Neverrefuel using gasoline in diesel
engines. #
Neverm ixga soline wit hdiesel fuel. *
NO
TEDama gedue toincor rect fuel Even small amounts of
thew rong fuel could
re sult in damag etothe fuel sy stem, the
engine and emission cont rols yst em.
Ne verrefuel with:
R Gasoline
R Marine diesel
R Heating oil
R Purebio-diese lorvegetab le oil
R Paraffin or kerosene #
Do no tmix suc hfuels wit hdiesel fuel
and do no tuse an yspecial additives.
If yo uh ave accidentally refueled wit hthe
wrong fuel ,obser vethef ollowing: #
Do no tswitc hont he ignition. #
Consult aqualified specialis tworks hop. *
NO
TEMalfunctions du etocontaminated
fuel Fu
el contamination can lead tomalfunctions
in thef uel sy stem. #
Ifyo ua reusin gdrums or canis ters to
re fuel thev ehicle, yous houl dfilter the
fuel befor efilling. *
NO
TEDama gedue toincor rect fuel Incor
rect fue lcan lea dtoengine damage. #
Refuel only ULSD or diesel fuel wit ha
sulfur content of maximu m15ppm. Usually
youw illfind information abou tthe fuel
grade on thef uel pump. If ther eisnoi dentifica‐
tion on thef uel pump, consult agasstation
attendant.
The fuel grade recommended fory our vehicle is
fo und on thei nstruction label in thef uel filler
fl ap . Note
sonl owoutside temperatures &
WARNING Risk offire and explosion due
to fuel igniting
If yo uh eat fuel sy stem components, e.g. with
ah eat gun or open flame, these components
could be damaged.
Fu el ma yleak out and ignite. Depending on
th et ype of damage, fuel might no tescape
until thee ngine is running. #
Neverh eat fuel sy stem components. #
Consult aqualified specialis tworks hop
to have them alfunction rectified. Re
fill onl ywithc ommerciall yavailable ULTRA-
LO WS ULFUR DIESEL (ULSD, maximum sulfur
content 15ppm), whic hfulfills theA STMD 975
st andard.
The flow properties of diesel fuel ma ybeinade‐
qu ateatl owoutside temp eratures due toparaf fin
separation.
% Malfunctions
resulting from paraf fins epara‐
tion can only be rectified byheating the
entir efuel sy stem. Park thev ehicle in a
heated garage ,for example.
To prev ent malfunctions, diesel fuel with
impr oved flow ch aracteristic sisavailable in the
winter mon ths. Yo uc an obtain fur ther informa‐
tion on this at theg asstatio norf romy our fuel
supplier.
Yo ur vehicle is equipped wit hafuel preheating
sy stem. This additionall yimp rove st he flow char‐
acteristic softhe diesel fuel byabout 14.5 °F
(8 °C). ULTR A-LO WS ULFUR DIESEL can be used
without risk of malfunction down toan outside
te mp eratur eofapproximately 14.5 °F (-1 0°C).
* NO
TEDama gedue togasoline or paraf fin Gasolin
eorparaffinind iese lfue limpair sthe
lubricity of thef uel. This can result in damage
to thef uel injection sy stem, fore xamp le. #
Do no tadd an ygasoline or paraf finto
diesel fuel toimpr oveitsflow character‐
istics. B20 fuels wit
hbio-diesel content
* NO
TEDama gedue toincor rect fuel Continuous use of fuels wi
thbio-diesel con‐
te nt ove r5%( B20 fuels) can leadtof uelfilter 242
Tech nica ldata

&
WARNING ‑Riskoff irea nd injur yfrom
antifreeze
If antifreez ecomes int ocontact wi thhotc om‐
ponent parts in thee ngine compartment, it
ma yignite. #
Allo wthe engine tocool down before
adding antif reeze. #
Mak esuret hat no antifreeze spills out
next tothef iller opening. #
Thoroughl yclean of fany antifreeze from
componen tparts befor estartin gt he
ve hicle. *
NO
TEDama gecaused byincor rect cool‐
ant #
Only ad dcoolant that has been pre‐
mixed wit hthe requ ired antifreeze pro‐
te ction. Information on coolant is
available at thef ollow‐
ing locations:
R intheMBS pecification sfor operating fluids
31 0.1
- at http://be vo.mercedes-benz.com
- intheB eVoa pp
R ataq ualified specialis tworks hop
* NO
TEOverheating at high outsid etem‐
peratures If an inappropriat
ecoolant is used, thee ngine
cooling sy stem is no tsufficiently pr otected
agains toverheating and cor rosion at high out‐
side temp eratures. #
Alwaysu seac oolant appr ovedby
Mercedes-Benz. #
Obser vethei nstruction sinthe MB
Specifications foro perating fluids3 10.1 . *
NO
TEPaint wo rkdamag eduetocoolant #
Do no tspill coolant on painted sur faces. Ha
ve thec oolant regularly replaced at aqualified
specialis tworks hop.
No tethep roportion of anti-cor rosion agent/anti‐
freeze in thee ngine cooling sy stem within thef ol‐
lowing temp eratur eranges:
R Atleas t50% (antifreeze pr otection up to
about -3 5°F(-37° C)) R
Maximum 55 %(antifreez eprotection up to
-49 °F (-45 °C))
Coolant capacities
Engine coolin gsystem Engine
Coolant
M2 74 approx.3 .0 gal
(1 1. 5l iters)
OM642 approx. 2.6 gal
(1 0l iters)
OM65 1a pprox.2 .5 gal
(9.5 liters) Wi
ndshield washer fluid Note
sonw indshield washer fluid
Obser vethen otes on operating fluids
(/ page240). &
WARNING ‑Riskoff irea nd injur yfrom
windshiel dwashe rconcentrate
Wi ndshield washer concentrat eishighlyflam‐
mable. It could ignit eifitcomes int ocontact
wi th hote ngine component parts or the
ex haus tsystem. #
Mak esuret hat no windshield washer
concentrat espills out next tothef iller
opening. *
NO
TEDama getothee xterio rlighting
due tounsuitable windshield washer fluid Uns
uitable windshield washer fluid ma ydam‐
ag et he plastic sur face of thee xterio rlighting. #
Onlyuse windshield washer fluid which
is also suitable foru se on plast ic surfa‐
ces, e.g. MB SummerFit or MB Winter‐
Fit. *
NO
TEBlocked spr aynozzle scaused by
mixing windshield washer fluids #
Do no tmix MB SummerFit and MB Win‐
te rFit wit hother windshield washer flu‐
ids. Do no
tuse distilled or de-ionize dwater .Other‐
wise, thel eve lsensor ma ygiveaf alse reading. Te
ch nica ldata 247

Displa
ymessages
Possible causes/consequences and 0050 0050Solutions
003B
Inoperative See Opera-
tor’s Manual *S
tationar yheating is temp orarily malfunctioning. #
When thev ehicle is at astandstill in ahorizontal position and
th ee ngine has cooled down: tr ytoswitchont hestationary
heating four times, leavin gagap of se veralm inutes between
eac hattem pt. #
Ifth es tationar yheating does no tswit ch on: visit aqualified spe‐
cialis tworks hop.
003B Inoperative Refuel Vehi-
cle *T
her eist oo little fuel in thef uel tank.The stationar yheating cannot
be swit ched on. #
Refuel thev ehicle.
003B
Inoperative Battery Low *T
he on-boar dvoltag eistoo lo w.
The stationar yheating has swit ched off. #
Driv eane xtende ddista nc eu ntil theb atter yhas been suf fi‐
ciently charge da gain.
00CC
Steering Malfunction
Increased Physical Effort
See Operator's Manual *T
hesteering po werassi stanc eism alfunctioning. &
WARNING Risk of an accident du etoaltered steering char‐
acteristics
If th ep owe rassi stanc eoft hesteering fails partiall yorcom‐
ple tely,y ou will need touse mor eforce tosteer. #
If saf esteering is possible, driv eoncarefully. #
Visit or consult aqualified specialis tworks hop immedi‐
atel y. #
If saf esteering is possible, driv eoncarefully. #
Visit or consult aqualified specialis tworks hop immediately.
00CC
Steering Malfunction
Stop Immediately See
Operator's Manual *T
hesteering is malfunctioning. Steerability is heavily impaired. &
WARNING Risk of accident if steering capability is impaired
If th es teering does no tfunction as intended, thev ehicle's oper‐
ating saf etyisj eopardized. #
Pull overand stop thev ehicle safely as soon as possible,
paying attention toroad and traf ficc onditions. Do no tcon‐
tinue driving under an ycircums tances. #
Consult aqualified specialis tworks hop. #
Stop in asafel ocation immediately .Donotcontinue driving. #
Consult aqualified specialis tworks hop.
Shift to 'P' or 'N' to Start
Engine *
Yo uh ave attem pted tostar tt he engine in transmission position 005B
or 005E. #
Shif tthe transmission toposition 005Dor005C.
* Yo uh ave triedtos hiftfromp osition 005Bor005C toposition 005E. #
Press theb rake pedal. 270
Displaymessa gesa nd warning and indicator lamps

Displa
ymessages
Possible causes/consequences and 0050 0050Solutions
To Engage Transmiss.
Position RFirst Depress
the Brake #
Shif tthe transmission toposition 005E.
Air Conditioning Malfunc-
tion See Operator's Man-
ual *T
he climat econt rols yst em is functional, subject totemp orary
re strictions. The ai rquantity and fresh air suppl yarecontrolled
automaticall y. #
Have thec limat econt rols ystemc heckedataq ualified specialist
wo rkshop.
Auxiliary Battery Mal-
function *T
he bac kupb atter yfor thet ransmission is no tbeing charge d. #
Visit aq ualified specialis tworks hop. #
Until then, alw ayss hiftthe transmission toposition 005Dmanually
befor eyou switc hoffthee ngine. #
Befor eleaving thev ehicle, apply thep arking brake.
Reversing Not Possible
Servic eRequired *T
he transmission is malfunctioning. It is no longer possible toshift
to reve rseg ear. #
Visit aq ualified specialis tworks hop.
Transmission Malfunc-
tion Stop *T
he transmission is malfunctioning. The transmission automatically
shifts toposition 005C. #
Stop in asafel ocation immediately. #
Shif tthe transmission toposition 005D. #
Consult aqualified specialis tworks hop.
0072
Vehicle Operational
Switch the Ignition Off
Before Exiting *Y
ou ar eabout toexitth ev ehicle while it is ready tostart. #
When youe xit thev ehicle, switc hoffthei gnition and take the
ke yw ithy ou. #
Ifyo udon otexitth ev ehicle, switc hoffthee lectrical consum‐
ers, e.g. thes eat heating. Otherwise, the1 2‑Volt‑batter ymay
discha rgea nd thev ehicle can only be star tedu sing aboos ter
batter y(jum pstart).
Servic eRequire dDoN ot
Shift Gears Visit Dealer *T
he transmission is malfunctioning. The transmission position can
no longer be changed. #
Ifth et ransmission is in position 005B,visitaqualified specialist
wo rkshop, without changing thet ransmission position. #
Fora llot her transmission positions, par kthe vehicle in asafe
location. #
Infor maq ualified specialis tworks hop or theb reakdown service.
Only Shift to 'P' when
Vehicle is Stationary *
The transmission can onl ybebrought int oposition 005Difth ev ehicle
is at astandstill.
NP ermanently Active
Risk of Rollin gAway *W
hile thev ehicle is rolling or driving ,the transmission wasshifted
to position 005C. #
Tostop, press theb rake pedal and, when thev ehicle is at a
st andstill ,shif tthe transmission toposition 005D. #
Tocontinu edriving, shi ftthet ransmission toposition 005Bor005E. Displa
ymessages and warning and indicator lamps 271

Anti-thef
tprotection
see ATA( Anti -Thef tAlarms ystem)
Ashtr ays
In thew indshield stowagec om‐
partment ............................................ .74
ASR (accele ratio ns kidc ontrol) ........... 137
Assistance graphic (on-board com‐
puter) ..................................................... 161
ASS YSTP LUS ........................................ 180
Batter ydisconnection period s.......... 180
Displ aying thes ervice due dat e........ 180
Fu nction/no tes. ............................... 180
Re gular maintenance work ............... 180
Special service requirements .......... .180
ATA (Anti-Thef tAlarms ystem) .............. 56
Ac tivating/deactivating thei nterior
motion sensor .................................... 57
Fu nctio n............................................. 56
Interio rmotions ensor functio n.......... 57
St opping thea larm. ............................ 56
Switching thet ow -awa ya larm
on/of f............................................... .57
To w- aw ay alar mfunction .................... 56
At tachments .......................................... .19
AT TENTION ASSI ST............................... 14 6
Ac tivating/deactivating .................... 147
Fu nctio n........................................... 14 6
Sy stem limitations ............................1 46
Au dio settings
Balance and fader .............................1 68
Equalizer .......................................... .168
Playba ckoptions .............................. 17 0
Au thorized workshop
see Qualified specialis tworks hop
Au tomatic distanc econtrol
se eA ctiv eDista nce Assi stDISTRONIC
Au tomatic drivin glights ........................ 79
Au tomatic transmission
DIRECT SELEC Tleve r........................ 11 5
Engaging driv eposit ion. .................... 11 7
Engaging neutral ............................... 11 6
Engaging reve rseg ear ....................... 11 6
Kickdown .......................................... 11 8
Re stricting thes hiftrang e................. 11 7
Selecting pa rkposition .....................1 16
Tr ansmission position displa y........... 11 5
Tr ansmission position s..................... .115
Au xiliar yheating .................................... 99
Fu nctio n............................................. 99
Axle load ............................................... 238 B
Bac ksuppo rt
see Lumbar suppor t(4-w ay)
BA S(Brak eAssis tSystem) .................. 137
Battery Charging ........................................... 197
Chargin gavehicle batter y................1 97
Disconnecting thea uxiliar ybattery
in thee ngine compartmen t.............. 201
Disconnecting thes tarter batter y.... 200
Jump -sta rting (vehicle )..................... .197
Ke y. .................................................... 42
No tes( vehicle) ................................. 19 6
Re moving or ins talling thes tarter
batter y............................................. 200
St arterb atter y.................................. 19 9
Batter ymain switch
No tes. ............................................... 11 4
Switching thep ower supply on/o ff... 11 4
Belt see Sea tbelt
Blind Spo tAssist .................................. 147
Ac tivating/deactivating .................... 14 8
Fu nctio n........................................... 147
Re ar Cross Traf ficA lert. ................... 14 8
Sy stem limitations ............................1 47
Blue tooth ®
audio equipment
St artin gplaybac k............................. 16 9
Bottle holder .......................................... .74
Brake ABS (Anti-lo ckBraking Sy stem) ........ 137
Ac tiveB rake Assi st........................... 13 9
BA S(Brak eAssistSystem) ............... 137
Braking wi thparkin gbrake :. ............ .108
Breaking-i nnotes ............................. 105
Downhil lgradien t............................. 108
Driving tip s....................................... 105
EBD (electroni cbrake forc ed istri‐
bution) ..............................................1 39
Heavy and light loads ....................... 108
HOLD functio n.................................. 14 5
Ne wb rake discs and brak epads/
linings ............................................... 108
Re stricted braking ef fect (salt-trea‐
te dr oads) .........................................1 05
We troad sur faces ............................ 108
Brak eAssis tSystem
see BAS(Brak eAssistSystem)
Brak eAssistance
see BAS(Brak eAssistSystem) 284
Index

front-passenger sea
t(rear wa rd-
fa cing/for ward-facing) ....................... 38
LA TC H-type (ISOFIX )(ins talling) ........ .36
LA TC H-type (ISOFIX )(no tes) ............... 36
No tesont he saf etranspor tatio nof
ch ildren .............................................. 34
Re arwa rd-facing child restra int sys‐
te m( Information) .............................. .38
To pT ether ...........................................37
Child ren
No tesons afet ranspor tatio n. ............. 34
Specia lsea tb eltr etra ctor .................. 35
Ci ga rettel ighter ..................................... 75
Cleaning see Care
Cleaning waterd rain valveoft he air
intak ebox ............................................ .186
Climat econtrol
Ac tivating/deactivating ...................... 95
Ad justing rear-compartment heat‐
ing ...................................................... 96
Air distribution setting s..................... .97
automaticall ycontrollin g(rear
passenger compartment )................... 97
Au xilia ryheating ................................. 99
Cargo compartment ventilation ........ 102
Clearing fogged up windo ws............... 97
Control panel for3 -zone auto matic
clima tecontrol ................................... 95
Control panel ford ual-zone auto‐
matic clima tecontrol .......................... 94
Controllin gautomaticall y................... .96
Hot- wate rauxiliary heater ................1 00
Re frigerant ....................................... 24 8
Setting thea ir distribution .................. 97
Switching ai r-re circulation mode
on/of f................................................ 98
Switching synchronization function
on/of f(control panel) ......................... 97
Switching theA /C function on/of f....96
Switching ther ear window
defros tero n/of f................................. 98
Switching thew indshield heater
on/of f................................................ 98
Ve ntilating thev ehicle (con veni‐
ence opening) ..................................... 54
Ve ntilation nozzles at front ................. 98
Ve ntilation nozzles in ther oof ............ 99
Ve ntilation nozzles, rear passenger
compartment .................................... .99
Cockpit (o verview) .................................. .6
Combination switch see High beam see High-beam
flasher
see Indicator
Compu ter
see On-boar dcomputer
Con venience closing .............................. 54
Con venience opening ............................. 54
Con versions ............................................ 19
Coolant Fillin gcapacitie s............................... 247
Coolant (engine) Checkin glevel .................................. 184
No tes. ............................................... 24 6
Copyright Licens e............................................... 27
Tr ademar ks......................................... 27
Cornering light ...................................... .80
Crosswind Assist Function/no tes. ............................... 13 8
Cruise control ...................................... .141
Ac tivating ......................................... 14 2
Buttons ............................................. 14 2
Callin gupas peed........................... .142
Deactivating ..................................... 14 2
Fu nctio n............................................ 141
Re quirements .................................. .142
Selecting .......................................... 14 2
Setting thes peed ............................. 14 2
St oring aspeed ................................ 14 2
Sy stem limitations ............................1 41
Cus tomer Assi stance Center (C AC)...... 24
Cus tomer Relations Department ..........24 D
DA Ba nnouncements
Ad justing .......................................... 16 9
Dashboa rd
see Cockpit (o verview)
Dashboa rdlighting
see Instrument lighting
Data recordin g(vehicle) ........................ 25
Dealership see Qualified specialis tworks hop
Declaration of conformity Vehicle componentsw hichreceive
and/or transmit radio wav es .............. 22
DEF .................................................1 27,243
Ad ditiv e................................... .127,243
Displ aying thef ill le vel. .................... .128
Filling capacity ................................. 24 4286
Index

Head
restra int
Ad justing mechanically ....................... 70
Headline r(ca re) .................................... 19 2
Heating sy stem (control panel) ............ 93
High beam .............................................. .80
Ac tivating/deactivating ...................... 80
Ad aptiv eHighbeam Assis t................. .81
Changin gbulbs .................................. 84
High-beam flasher .................................. 80
Hill star ta ssi st ..................................... 14 5
HOLD function ...................................... 14 5
Hot-water auxiliar yheater .................. 100
Fu nctio n........................................... 100
Problems .......................................... 101
switching on/of fwitht he button ...... 100
Switching on/of fwitht he on-
boar dcomputer ................................ 101
Hydroplaning ........................................ 109I
Identification pla te
Engine .............................................. 238
Re frigerant ....................................... 24 8
Ve hicle ............................................. 238
Ignition key
see Key
Immobilizer ............................................ .55
Implie dwarra nty (vehicle) ..................... 24
Indicator .................................................. 80
Ac tivating/deactivating ...................... 80
Changing bulb s(front) ........................ 84
Changin gbulbs (rear) (Cargo Van
and Passenger Van) ............................ 86
Changing bulb s(rear)( ch assis) .......... 87
Insid erearvi ewmirrord isplay
Fu nctions .......................................... 14 5
Installations ............................................ 19
Instrument Display Function/no tes. ............................... 15 8
Overvie w...................................... 7, 15 8
Setting thel ighting ............................1 61
Instrument Display see Warning/indicator lamp
Instrument lighting ...............................161
Intelligent ligh tsystem
Ad aptiv eHighbeam Assis t................. .81
Corne ring light ................................... 80 In
te rior lamps (rear compa rtment)
(replacin gthe light bulbs) ..................... 88
In te rior lighting
Cargo compartment .......................... .83
Re ar compartment ............................ .83
Setting ................................................ 81
Interior motion sensor Functio n............................................. 57
Switching on/of f................................ 57
Interior roof car rier sy stem ................ .177
iPod ®
St artin gplaybac k............................. 16 9 J
Jack ........................................................ 227
Hydraulic .......................................... 208
Re moving theh ydraulic jac kfrom
th es towa ge compartment .............. .208
St orag elocation of hydraulic jac k....2 08
Jump-star tconnection .........................1 97
Jump-starting see Jump-s tart connection K
Key ........................................................... 41
Batter y............................................... 42
Electrica lconsu mption. ..................... .42
Fu nctions ............................................ 41
Ke yr ing at tach ment ........................... 42
Mechanica lkey .................................. .42
Overvie w............................................. 41
Problem ..............................................43
Ra dio connection ................................ 41
Un lockin gsetting .............................. .42 L
Labelin g(tires)
see Tire labeling
Lane de tection (au tomatic)
se eA ctiv eLaneK eeping Assist
Lane Keeping Assist ............................ .149
Fu nctio n........................................... 14 9
Sy stem limitations ............................1 49
Tr ailer operatio n............................... 14 9
Lane Keeping Assist
see ActiveL aneK eeping Assist
see Lane Keeping Assist
LA TC H-type (ISOFIX) child seat
securing sy stem
In stallin g............................................. 36
No tes. ................................................36 292
Index

Pa
int code ............................................ .238
Pa rk position
Engaging ........................................... 11 6
Engaging au tomatically .................... .116
Pa rking brak e(electrical)
see Electric parkin gbrake
Pa rking brak e(manual)
see Manual parkin gbrake
Pa rking forane xtended period ...........13 6
Pa rking light .......................................... .79
Pa rtition sliding door
Fr om thec argo compartmen t.............51
Fr om thed rive r's compartmen t..........51
Pe rm issible gross mass ...................... 238
Pe rm issible towing me thods .............. 202
Pe ts in the vehicle .................................. 40
Phone book Downloading mobile phone con‐
tacts ................................................. 172
Sea rching forac ontact .................... 172
Placing aload on thew heel ar ch........ 17 9
Plastic trim (care) ................................. 19 2
Po we rsupp ly
Batter ymains witc h.......................... 11 4
Switching on (s tart/s topb utton) ...... 103
Po we rw asher (care) ........................... .188
Po we rw indo ws
see Side window Q
QR code (rescue card) ...........................24
Qualified specialis tworks hop .............. 23 R
Ra ck systems (information) .................176
Ra dar senso rs....................................... 13 6
Ra dio ..................................................... 16 8
DA Ba nnouncements ........................ 16 9
Program pr eview( EPG) .................... .169
Selecting thef requ ency band ........... 16 8
Setting astatio n. .............................. 16 8
St oring radio stations ...................... .168
Switching traf fica nnouncements
on/of f.............................................. 16 9
Ra dio connection
Ke y. .................................................... 41
Re alwo od (care) .................................. .192 Re
ar
Motion de tector .................................. 83
Re ar ben chseat
see Seats
Re ar Cross Traf ficA lert ...................... .148
Re ar fogl ight .......................................... 79
Re ar vie wcamera
Care ................................................. 19 0
Fu nctions .......................................... 14 5
Wi th rear-vie wmirro rd ispla y............ 14 6
Re ar windo wwiper
Re placing ...........................................90
Switching on/of f................................ 89
Re ar-co mpartment heating ................... 96
Re ar-end doors
Opening and closing (from inside) ...... 51
Opening and closing (from outside) ....50
Re ar-vie wmirro rd isplay
Displ aying/hiding ............................ .146
Re ducing agent
see DEF
Re frigerant (air conditioning)
No tes. ............................................... 24 8
Re fueling
Displaying theD EFfill le vel. .............. 12 8
Displ aying theD EFrang e. ................. 12 8
Re fueling thev ehicle ........................ 12 5
To pping up DEF. .............................. .129
Re generation
No tes. ............................................... 11 4
Re gistration
Ve hicle ............................................... 23
Re moving the vehicl etool kit .............207
Re placing awheel
Ins talling anew wheel ...................... 230
Re placing light bulbs
Indicator s(rear)( Ca rgo Vana nd
Pa ssenger Van) ................................... 86
Re versing light s(Cargo Vana nd
Pa ssenger Van) ................................... 86
Re porting saf etyd efects ....................... 24
Re scue card ............................................ 24
Re stra int sy stem .................................... 28
Children, no tesons afet ranspor ta‐
tio n. .................................................... 34
Fu nctio ninana ccident ...................... 29
Fu nctionality ....................................... 28
Malfunctio n........................................ 28
Pr otection ...........................................28 Index
295