2019 AUDI A4 check engine

Tableofcontents

Additionalsettings..................
Supportedmediaandfileformats......
Troubleshootingwoz:« &seesseorsssee
Operating).«viewvswinewearsem«>mee¥ o
TrOUBLESHOOEIAGvcsivessverminoesuenetnrewwven
SYSTEMSECtINGS:.««casiswes sce
Settingthedateandtime.............
MMIsettings..............2-.02005-
Connectionmanager.................
System:updater+ «areneseeermeseonewes
Soundsettings.............-.-000005
NVOLUMESEELINGSwienx sgame< ¢cams5aoe
RestartingtheMMI..................
Softwarelicenseinformation..........
SafetyFIrst).«sscessssic42sree26ower
Drivingsafety....................
Correctpassengerseatingpositions.....
Driver'sandfrontpassenger'sfootwell..
Pedalarea.............000ceceeee
SefbyBetts«ess..vicseussmesses6oimaece
Generalinformation.................
SafetyDelts«swiss2seria= 2arena6nnn©
Belttensioners...............0000005
Airbagsystem....................
Importantinformation...............
FRONUSINDAQS: wacss&oana 4caesseree
MonitoringtheAdvancedAirbagSystem.
Kneeairbags....................000,
Sid@aifbagSas< =ses¢esasxoKGSed oe
Sidecurtainairbags...............0..
Childsafety.................0..0.
Importantinformation...............
Childsafetyseats............002.000.
Securingchildsafetyseats............
LATCHsystem(loweranchoragesand
tethersfor'children)6seve6aesaie6tar
Additionalinformation...............
MaintenanceandCare...........305
CheckingandFilling.............305
FUGlisves:2 2wom< 2somesvfwea&5aueoea 2oe305
Reftielingcrosseeccsnesewanesxeawisoneeere306
Catalyticconverter...............0005308
OnBoardDiagnosticSystem(OBD)......308
Enginecompartment..............00%309
Engineoil........2...eeeeeeeee312
CoolingSYStEM. < =seesscteesdeeeeswe315
BrakePluidiic.«+aessovworvaeoucoteooawe317
Electricalsystem.............0..000.317
Bateenysa« 5nasissoSRSA5Am GKBasezc318
Windshieldwashersystem............320
Serviceintervaldisplay...............320
Whe6US «sescseeeeoseeeeseee2a322
WheelsiandTires¢sccusiassccmaueeoanemone© 0322
Tirepressuremonitoringsystem.......339
Careandcleaning................342
Generalinformation.................342
GarWashes:«wacusseemsssewesReeet342
Cleaningandcareinformation.........343
Takingyourvehicleoutofservice.......347
DovltYourselfwisssgosssscessowes348
Emergencyassistance...........348
Generalinformation..............4.-348
Equipmenteccos«yer2&nwo9¢ewsee348
TitemmOBility:Kit.scsio¢seers© «eomeone= 6ot349
Changingatire................eee351
Space-savingsparetire...............355
Collapsiblesparetire...............0.355
Fusesandbulbs.........0...2006535/7
PUSOSscore2 xmeme2 xae2wanssEEEBoe357.
Bulbs...2.eeeeeeeeee361
Emergencysituations............362
Gemetial’sscisass1 0snesx mcnauene« 9rena©exettons362
Startingbypushingortowing.........-362
Startingwithjumpercables...........362
Usingthejumpstartcable............363
Towingwithatowtruck..............-364
Raisingthevehicle................0-.365

Quickaccess

Indicatorlightsoverview
Theindicatorlightsintheinstrumentcluster
blinkorturnon.Theyindicatefunctionsormal-
functions.
Messagesmayappearwithsomeindicatorlights.
Awarningsignalwillsoundatthesametime.
Theindicatorlightsandmessagesmaybecov-
ered byotherdisplays.Toshow themagain,se-
lectthesecondtabformessageswiththemulti-
functionsteeringwheel>page15or
=>page18.
Someindicatorlightsinthedisplaycandisplayin
severalcolors.

MMeTeelemlis
Ifthewaorindicatorlightturnson,check
themessageintheinstrumentcluster.
OTA]
Someindicatorlightsturnonbrieflyasafunction
checkwhenyouswitchtheignitionon.Thesesys-
temsaremarkedwithaVinthefollowingtables.
Ifoneoftheseindicatorlightsdoesnotturnon,
thereisamalfunctioninthatsystem.
Yourvehiclehaseitheramonochromedisplayor
amulticoloreddisplay,dependingonvehicle
equipment.Someindicatorlightsappearwhite
onamonochromedisplay.TheBoWcentral
indicatorlightturnsonatthesametimetoindi-
catethepriorityoftheseindicatorlights.
Thefollowingindicatorlightsmaybeavailable,
dependingonthevehicleequipment:

Redindicatorlights
Centralindicatorlight
=>page10,
Audipresense
=>page112
Brakesystem¥
=>page21
Brakesystem¥
=>page21
10

Electromechanicalparkingbrake
=>page 22
Electromechanicalparkingbrake
=>page22
Coolingsystem
=>page 22
Engineoilpressure
>page312
Engineoillevel(MIN)
=>page312
Electricalsystem
>page317
Safetybelt
=>page23
Electromechanicalsteering
=>page142
Steeringlock
=>page23
Enginestartsystem
=>page23
Transmission(automatictransmis-
sion)
=>page90,
Clutch(manualtransmission)
=>page23
Hood
=>page24
Adaptivecruisecontrol/
=>page105
Trafficjamassist
=>page109
Drivesystem
=>page24


Yellowindicatorlights
Centralindicatorlight
=>page10
ElectronicStabilizationControl
(ESC)
=>page24
ElectronicStabilizationControl
(ESC)¥
=>page24

8W0012721BG
Instrumentcluster

maybehigherifthereisheavyengineloadand
hightemperaturesoutside.Thisisnotacausefor
concernaslongasthe|=>page312or=
=>page312indicatorlightsdonotturnon.
Boostindicator
Appliesto:vehicleswithAudivirtualcockpit
Theboostindicatorisonlydisplayedinthesport
view>page17.
Thecurrentengineload(meaningthecurrent
boostpressure)isindicatedbyabar.
Messages
BRAKE/@)/‘C:/®Brakesystem
Ifthisindicatorlightturnson,thereisamalfunc-
tioninthebrakesystem.
HiT)Brakes:stopvehicleandcheckbrake
fluid level
Stopthevehicleandcheckthebrakefluidlevel.
SeeanauthorizedAudidealerorauthorizedAudi
ServiceFacilityforassistance.
GGit@Brakes:malfunction!Stopvehicle
safely
Iftheindicatorlightturnsonandthismessage
appears,thereisamalfunctioninthebrake brake
system.
1fBES/GJandBialsoturnon,thereisamal-
functionintheABS,ESC,andbrakingdistribu-
tion.
Donotcontinuedriving.SeeanauthorizedAudi
dealerorauthorizedAudiServiceFacilityforas-
sistance>A\.
EG/@Parkingbrake:malfunction!Safely
stopvehicle.Seeowner'smanual
—Iftheindicatorlightandthemessageappear
whenthevehicleisstationary orafterswitch-
ingtheignitionon,checkifyoucanreleasethe
parkingbrake.Ifyoucannotreleasetheparking
brake,seeanauthorizedAudidealerorauthor-
izedAudiServiceFacility.Ifyoucanreleasethe
parkingbrakeandthemessagestillappears,
seeanauthorizedAudidealerorauthorizedAu-
diServiceFacilityimmediatelytohavethe mal-
functioncorrected.
—Iftheindicatorlightandmessageappearwhile
driving,thehillstartassistoremergencybrak-
ingfunctionmaybemalfunctioning.Itmaynot
bepossibletosettheparkingbrakeorrelease
itonceithasbeenset.Donotparkyourvehicle
onhills.SeeanauthorizedAudidealerorau-
thorizedAudiServiceFacilityforassistance.
fieifeBrakepads:wearlimitreached.You
cancontinuedriving.PleasecontactService
Thebrakepadsareworn.Drivetoanauthorized
AudidealerorauthorizedAudiServiceFacilityas
soonas possible tohavethemalfunctioncorrect-
ed.
©Brakesoverheating.PleaseshifttoD
@Brakesoverheating.Pleaseselectagearand
followgearrecommendation
Therewasaheavyloadonthebrakes.Engagea
suitablegear(manualtransmission)or placethe
selectorleverinthe"D/S"position(automatic
transmission)touse theenginebrakingeffect
andreduce theloadonthebrakes.
Brakebooster:limitedfunctionality.Youcan
continuedriving.PleasecontactService
Thereisamalfunctioninthebrakebooster.The
brakeboosterisavailable,butitseffectivenessis
reduced.Brakingbehaviormaybedifferentfrom
howitnormallyfunctionsandthebrakepedal
mayvibrate.DrivetoanauthorizedAudidealeror
authorizedAudiServiceFacilityimmediatelyto
havethemalfunctioncorrected.

Z\WARNING
—Readandfollowthewarningsin
=page309,Workingintheenginecom-
partmentbeforeopeningthehood and
checkingthebrakefluidlevel.
—Ifthebrakesystemindicatorlightdoesnot
turnofforitturnsonwhiledriving,the
brakefluid levelinthereservoiristoolow,
andthisincreasestheriskofanaccident.
Stopthevehicleanddonotcontinuedriv-
ing.SeeanauthorizedAudidealeror

21

Instrumentcluster


authorizedAudiServiceFacilityforassis-
tance.
—Ifthebrakesystemindicatorlightturnson
togetherwiththeABSandESCindicator
lights,theABS/ESCregulatingfunctionmay
bemalfunctioning.Functionsthatstabilize
thevehiclearenolongeravailable.This
couldcausethevehicletoswerve,whichin-
creasestheriskthatthevehiclewillslide.
Donotcontinuedriving.Seeanauthorized
AudidealerorauthorizedAudiServiceFacili-
tyforassistance.

NOK
Tr

(®Electromechanicalparking
IftheZi7,oaindicatorlightturnson,the
parkingbrakewasset.
Ifthe[MM/[indicatorlightflashes,thebrak-
ingforcehasnotbuiltupenoughorithasde-
creased.
Securethevehiclealsobyshifting into
1stgear(manualtransmission)orselectingthe
"P"selectorleverposition(automatictransmis-
sion).Makesuretheindicatorlightisoffbefore
youstartdriving.
wwParkingbrake:malfunction!Pleasecontact
Service
Thereisamalfunctionintheparkingbrake.Drive
toanauthorizedAudidealerorauthorizedAudi
ServiceFacilityimmediatelytohavethemalfunc-
tioncorrected.Donotparkthevehicleonhills,
becauseitcouldroll.
a/{Q)Parkingbrake:warning!Vehicleparked
toosteep
Thereisnotenoughbrakingforce toholdtheve-
hicleinplace.Thebrakeshaveoverheated.The
vehiclecouldrollaway,evenonasmallincline.
&iParkingbrake:applied
Ifthismessageappears,pressthebrakepedal
firstandthenreleasetheparkingbrakeifneces-
sary.
a/Parkingbrake:emergencybraking
Theemergencybrakingfunctionwastriggered.
22
G)Tips
Foradditionalinformationontheparking
brake,see>page82.
erCe
||Turnoffengineandcheckcoolantlevel.See
owner'smanual
Thecoolantlevelistoolow.
Stopdrivingandswitchtheengineoff.Checkthe
coolantlevel>page315.
—Ifthecoolantlevelistoolow,addcoolant
=page316. Onlycontinuedrivingoncethein-
dicatorlightturnsoff.
/_E|Coolanttemperature:toohigh.Letengine
runwhilevehicleisstationary
Lettheenginerunatidleforafewminutesto
cooloff,untiltheindicatorlightturnsoff.
—Iftheindicatorlightdoesnotturnoff,donot
continuedrivingthevehicle.Seeanauthorized
AudidealerorauthorizedAudiServiceFacility
forassistance.

ZAWARNING
—Neveropenthehoodifyoucan seeorhear
steamorcoolantescapingfromtheengine
compartment.Thisincreasestheriskof
burns.Whenyounolongerseeorhear
steamorcoolantescaping,youmayopen
theenginecompartmentwithcaution.
— Theenginecompartmentinanyvehiclecan
beadangerousarea.Stoptheengineandal-
lowitto coolbeforeworkingintheengine
compartment.Alwaysfollowtheinforma-
tionfoundin>page309,Workinginthe
enginecompartment.
C)Note
Donotcontinuedrivingifthegindicator
lightturnsonasthisincreasestheriskofen-
ginedamage.

Openingandclosing

Childsafetylock
Thechildsafetylockpreventsthereardoors
frombeingopenedfromtheinsideandtherear
powerwindowsfrombeingoperated.
B8U-0321

B8W-0085

Fig.35
-Appliesto:vehicleswithmanualchildsafetylocks:-Rear
door:manualchildsafetylock
Vehicleswithbutton#
Appliesto:vehicleswithpowerchildsafetylocks
>Toactivateanddeactivatethechildsafetylock
(doorhandleandpowerwindowswitch)forthe
areardoor,presstheleftorright#buttonin
thedriver'sdoor(@)thatcorrespondstothat
reardoor>fig.34.Theindicatorlightinthe
buttonturnson/blinks.
>Makesurethechildsafetylockisworkingby
checkingthefunctionontherearpowerwin-
dowswitchanddoorhandle.
Vehicleswithbutton
Appliesto:vehicleswithmanualchildsafetylock
>
Toactivateordeactivatethechildsafetylock
forthepowerwindowswitchinthereardoors,
pressthe&buttoninthedriver'sdoor(2)
>fig.34.Theindicatorlightinthe buttonturns
on/blinks.
40

>Toactivateordeactivatethemanualchildsafe-
ty lockforthereardoorhandle,openthere-
spectivereardoorandturnthekeyswitchwith
themechanicalkeyinthedirectionofthearrow
oroppositethedirectionofthearrow>fig.35.
Thiswilldisablethefunctionofthereardoor
handle.
> Makesurethechildsafetylockisworkingby
checkingthefunctionontherearpowerwin-
dowswitchanddoorhandle.
Itisnotpossibletooperate therearclimatecon-
trolsystem*whenthechildsafetylockisswitch-
edon.TheSETREARfunctionallowsyoutoapply
allsettingstotherearusingtheclimatecontrol
systemcontrolsinthecockpit>page73.
Messageintheinstrumentclusterdisplay
Childproofcatch:malfunction!Pleasecon-
tactService
Thereisamalfunctioninthechildsafetylock.
Pressthe#/Gbuttonagain.
Ifthemessagestayson,driveimmediatelytoan
authorizedAudidealerorauthorizedAudiService
Facilitytohavethemalfunctionrepaired.

ZAWARNING
—Ifyouleavethevehicle,switchtheignition
offandtakethevehiclekeywithyou.This
appliesparticularlywhenchildrenremainin
thevehicle.Otherwisechildrencouldstart
theengineoroperateelectricalequipment
(suchaspowerwindows),whichincreases
theriskofanaccident.
—Amalfunctioninthechildsafetylockcould
allow
thereardoorstobeopenedfromthe
inside,whichincreasestheriskofanacci-
dent.

8W0012721BG
Driving

—Theignitionwillturnoffifyoupressthe
STARTENGINESTOP]buttonduringaStop


phase.
—Appliesto:automatictransmission:Youcan
controliftheenginewillstopornot byre-
ducingorincreasingtheamountofforce
youusetopressthebrakepedal.Forexam-
ple,ifyouonlylightlypressonthebrake
pedalinstop-and-gotrafficorwhenturn-
ing,theenginewillnotswitchoffwhenthe
vehicleisstationary.Ifyoupressthebrake
pedal
harder,theenginewillswitchoff.
Startingandstoppingtheengineautomat-
rel,
Appliesto:vehicleswith Start/Stopsystem
Thesystemchecksifcertainconditionsaremet
beforeandduringtheStopphase,anddeter-
minesiftheenginestopsandhowlongitre-
mainsstopped.Forexample,ifpowerusageis
high,theenginewillnot bestopped.Alongwith
otherconditions,thefollowingfactors influence
theautomaticenginestartorstop:
—Environmentalconditions(slopes,inclines,ele-
vation,temperature)
—Battery(chargestatus,temperature,powerus-
age)
—Enginetemperature
—Assistsystems
—Drivingbehavior
Dependingontheengine,the@yindicatorlight
mayappeariftheengineisnotstopped.
SeteMimLeleiace100
Appliesto:vehicleswith Start/Stopsystem
IfyouleavethevehicleduringaStopphase,the
enginecanberestartedwithinapproximately30
secondsifthedoorsareclosed,thedriver'ssafe-
tybeltisfastened,andthebrakepedalispress-
ed.
Ifyouleavethevehiclelongerthan30seconds,
theignitionwillswitchoffautomaticallytopre-
vent thevehiclebatteryfromdraining.Ifthisis
thecase,themessageStart/stopsystem:igni-
tionwillbeswitchedoffin30swillappearinthe
instrumentclusterand,ifthelowbeamhead-
lightsareswitchedon,theparkinglightswill
switchoninstead.Theparkinglightswillswitch
offafterapproximately30minutesorwhenyou
lockthevehicle.
Theignitionalsoswitchesoffwhenyoulockthe
vehiclefromtheoutsideduringaStopphase.
IftheStart/Stopsystemhasnot turnedoffthe
engineorifyouhave switchedtheStart/Stopsys-
temoffmanually, theenginewillcontinuetorun
andtheignitionwillnotswitchoffautomatically.

ZAWARNING
To reducetheriskofasphyxiation,never allow
theenginetoruninconfinedspaces.
G)Tips
Appliesto:vehicleswithautomatictransmission
Ifyouleavethevehiclewiththe"D/S"or"R"
selectorleverpositionengaged,theparking
brakeisautomaticallyset.
ManuallyswitchingtheStart/Stopsystem
offandon
Appliesto:vehicleswithStart/Stopsystem

The(A)oFbuttonislocatedabovetheselectorlev-
erinthecenterconsole.
>Press(A)oFtoswitchonoroff.TheLEDinthe
buttonturnsonwhenthefunctionisswitched
off.
@Tips
IfyouswitchthesystemoffduringaStop
phase, theenginewillstartagainautomati-
cally.
Appliesto:vehicleswithStart/Stopsystem
Start/stopsystem:deactivated.Pleasestart
enginemanually
Thismessageappearswhenspecificconditions
arenotmetduringaStopphase.TheStart/Stop
systemwillnot beabletorestarttheengine.The
enginemustbestartedwiththe
STARTENGINESTOP]button.


81

8W0012721BG
Driving

backtoengagethe"S"sportmode.Youcanonly
selectthe"S"selectorleverpositionwhenthe"D"
or"E"positionisselected.Toselectthe"D"or"E"
positionagainwhen"S"isengaged,movethese-
lectorleverback>A\.Toshiftfrom"N"to"D"
when
travelingatspeedsbelow1mph(2km/h),
pressthebrakepedalandshiftintothe"D"posi-
tion>A.
Inthenormalmode"D",thetransmissionauto-
maticallyselectsthecorrectgear.Itdependson
engineload,vehiclespeedanddrivingstyle.
Selectthesportmode"S"forsportydriving.The
vehiclemakesfulluseoftheengine'spower.
Shiftingmaybecomenoticeablewhenaccelerat-
ing.
The"S"selectorleverpositionengagesautomati-
callywhenyouselectthedynamicmodeindrive
select*.

ZAWARNING
ReadandfollowallWARNINGS.
—Beforestartingtodrive,checkifthedesired
selectorleverpositionisdisplayednextto
theselectorlever.
—Thevehiclecanrolleveniftheignitionis
switchedoff.
—Powerisstilltransmittedtothewheels
whentheengineisrunningatidle.Topre-
vent thevehiclefrom“creeping”,youmust
keep yourfootonthebrakeinallselector
leverpositions(except"P"and"N")when
theengineisrunning.
—Beforeopeningthehood,selectthe"P"se-
lector
leverpositionandsettheparking
brake.Thisreducestheriskofanaccident.
Alwaysreadandfollowtheapplicablewarn-
ings>page309,Workingintheengine

compartment.

@®Tips
Ifyouaccidentallyselect"N"whiledriving,
takeyourfootofftheacceleratorpedaland
waitfortheenginetoslowdowntoidlebe-
fore
selecting"D"or"S".
Drivingtips
Appliesto:vehicleswithautomatictransmission
Startingtheengine
>The"P"or"N"positionmustbeselected.
Startingfromastop
>Pressandholdthebrakepedal.
>»Starttheengine>page78.
>Pressthelockingbutton@ontheselectorlev-
erandselectthe"D","E","S"or"R"position
=>page85.
>Waitamomentuntilthetransmissionshifts.
Youwillnoticeaslightmovementwhenthe
gear
engages.
>Releasethebrake pedalandpresstheaccelera-
torpedal>A\.
Variousconveniencefunctionsareavailablefor
startingonhills>page83.
Stoppingtemporarily
>Pressthebrakepedaltostopthevehicle,for
exampleatatrafficlight.Donotpresstheac-
celeratorpedalwhendoingthis.
>Topreventthevehiclefromrollingwhenyou
startdriving,settheparkingbrakewhenstop-
pingonsteephills>/\.
>»Theparkingbrakewillreleaseautomatically
andyourvehiclewillbegintomove whenthe
doorsareclosed,thedriver'ssafetybeltisfas-
tened,and youaccelerateasusual.
Stoppingorparking
Iftheselectorleverisnotinthe"P"position
whenyouopenthedriver’sdoor,thevehicle
couldroll.
>Pressandholdthebrakepedal>A\.
>Set theparkingbrake.
>Toselectthe"P"selectorleverposition,press
the"P"button(2)ontheselectorlever
=>page85,fig.90.
Undercertainconditions,suchasdrivinginthe
mountains,itmaybehelpful toswitchtomanual
modetemporarilytoadapttothedrivingcondi-
tionsmanually>page88.
Onhills,settheparkingbrakefirstandthenshift
intothe"P"position>page82.Thispreventstoo>
87

8W0012721BG
Trailertowing

Trailertowing
Drivingwithatrailer
Generalinformation
Yourvehicleisprimarilyintendedfortransport-
ingpeopleandluggage.However,ifyoudrive
withatrailer,followthetechnicalrequirements,
the operationanddrivingtips,andthelegalreg-
ulations.
Drivingwithatraileraffectsthevehicle'sfuel
consumption,performanceandwear.Italsore-
quireshigherconcentrationfromthedriver.

Z\WARNING
Donottransportanypeopleinatrailerdueto
theriskoffatalinjury.
Technicalrequirements
Certainrequirementsmustbemetwhentowing
atrailer.

Trailerhitch
Only useatrailerhitchwitharemovableball
hitchmountandballhitch.Thetrailerhitchmust
bepermittedforthevehicle,thetrailerandthe
permittedtotalweightofthetrailerbeing
pulled.Aboveall,itmustbesecurelyandsafely
attachedtothevehicletrailer.
Nevermountatrailerhitchonthebumper.The
trailerhitchmustbemountedinawaythatdoes
not impair thefunctionofthebumper.Donot
makeanychangestotheexhaustsystemandthe
brakesystem.
Checkregularlyifthetrailerhitchissecurely
mounted.Alwaysfollowtheinstructionsgivenby
thetrailerhitchmanufacturer.
Trailerbrakes
Ifthetrailerhasitsownbrakesystem,thenfol-
lowthemanufacturerspecifications.However,
thebrakesystemonthetrailermustneverbe
connectedtothevehiclebrakesystem.
Enginecoolingsystem
Drivingwithatrailermeansahigherloadonthe
engineandthecoolingsystem.Thecoolingsys-
temmustbedesignedforadditionalloadand
containenoughcoolant>@.
()Note
Longerinclinescannotbedrivenwithouta
suitablecoolingsystem,especiallyiftheout-
sidetemperaturesarehigh.Otherwise,this
increasestheriskofenginedamage.
Operatinginstructions
Severalthingsmustbenotedwhentowinga
trailer.
Towingcapacity
Yourvehiclecanonlybeoperatedwithclass1or
class2trailers.
Loaddistribution
Poorcargoloadanddistributioncannegatively
impactvehiclehandling.Loadthetrailerbased
onthefollowingcriteriaasmuchaspossible:
—Storeobjectsinthevehicleluggagecompart-
ment,ifpossible.Thevehicleshouldalways
carrytheheaviest possibleloadandthetrailer
shouldhavethelightestpossibleload.
—Distributetheloadinthetrailerso thatthe
heavyobjectsareasclosetotheaxleaspossi-
ble.
—Secureobjectsso thattheydonotslide.
—Utilizethemaximumpermittedtongueweight
ifpossible.
Tires
Setthetirepressureonyourvehiclefora“full
load”;seethetirepressuresticker>page332.If
necessary,alsoadjustthetirepressureonthe
traileraccordingtothemanufacturer'sspecifica-
tions.
Thetrailerandthevehicleshould beequipped
withwintertireswhendrivinginwintertempera-
tures.
93
>