2018 KIA OPTIMA PHEV brake fluid

819
Maintenance
Maintenance Under Severe Usage Conditions
Severe Driving Conditions
A - Repeatedly driving short distance of less than 5 miles (8 km) in normaltemperature or less than 10 miles (16 km) in freezing temperature
B - Extensive engine idling or low speed driving for long distances
C - Driving on rough, dusty, muddy, unpaved, graveled or salt- spread roads
D - Driving in areas using salt or other corrosive materials or in very cold weather
E - Driving in heavy dust condition. F - Driving in heavy traffic area.
G - Driving on uphill, downhill, or mountain roads repeatedly.
H - Towing a trailer or using a camper on roof rack.
I - Driving for patrol car, taxi, other commercial use of vehicle towing.
J - Driving over 106 mph (170 km/h).
K - Frequently driving in stop-and-go conditions.
The following items must be serviced more frequently on cars normally used under severe driving conditions. Refer
to the chart below for the appropriate maintenance intervals.
R : Replace I : Inspect and, after inspection, clean, adjust, repair or replace if neces\
sary
MAINTENANCE ITEMMAINTENANCE
OPERATIONMAINTENANCE INTERVALSDRIVING CONDITION
Engine oil and filter REvery 3,750 miles (6,000 km) or 6 monthsA, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K
Air cleaner filterRMore frequentlyC, E
Spark plugsRMore frequentlyB, H
Automatic transmission fluidREvery 60,000 miles (96,000 km)A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K
HSG (Hybrid Starter & Generator) beltREvery 30,000 miles (48,000 km) or 24 monthsC, D, E, K
IEvery 3,750 miles (6,000 km) or 6 monthsC, D, E, K
Front brake disc/pads, calipersIMore frequentlyC, D, G, H
Rear brake disc/padsIMore frequentlyC, D, G, F
Parking brakeIMore frequentlyC, D, G, H
Steering gear box, linkage & boots/lower arm ball joint,
upper arm ball jointIMore frequentlyC, D, E, F, G, H, I
Drive shafts and bootsIEvery 7,500 miles (12,000 km) or 6 monthsC, D, E, F, G, H, I, J
Climate control air filter (for evaporator and blower unit)RMore frequentlyC, E
Suspension mounting boltsIMore frequentlyC, D, E, F, G, H, I

821
Maintenance
Air cleaner filter
A Genuine Kia air cleaner filter is
recommended when the filter is
replaced.
Spark plugs
Make sure to install new spark plugs
of the correct heat range.
Cooling system
Check the cooling system compo-
nents, such as the radiator, coolant
reservoir, hoses and connections for
leakage and damage. Replace any
damaged parts.
Coolant (Engine / Inverter)
The coolant should be changed at
the intervals specified in the mainte-
nance schedule.
Automatic transaxle fluid
Automatic transaxle fluid should not
be checked under normal usage
conditions.
But in severe conditions, the fluid
should be changed at an authorized
Kia dealer in accordance to the
scheduled maintenance at the begin-
ning of this chapter.
✽ ✽NOTICE
Automatic transaxle fluid color is
basically red.
As the vehicle is driven, the auto-
matic transaxle fluid will begin to
look darker.
It is normal condition and you should
not judge the need to replace the fluid
based upon the changed color.
Brake hoses and lines
Visually check for proper installation,
chafing, cracks, deterioration and
any leakage. Replace any deteriorat-
ed or damaged parts immediately.
CAUTION
Use only specified automatic
transaxle fluid. The use of a non-specified fluid could result in atransaxle malfunction and fail-ure. (Refer to "Recommendedlubricants and capacities" inchapter 9.)

Maintenance
22
8
✽
✽
NOTICE - NHTSA Safety
Corrosion Alert
NHTSA has warned all vehicle own-
ers of all brands that they must main-
tain their vehicles in a manner which
will prevent brake hose and brake line
failures due to corrosion when such
vehicles are exposed to winter road
salt and related chemicals. While seri-
ous corrosion conditions typically only
manifest themselves as safety issues
after 7 years of vehicle use, the corro-
sion process starts immediately and
thus underbody cleaning maintenance
must commence from your vehicle's
first exposure to road salts and chem-
icals. NHTSA urges vehicle owners to
take the following steps to prevent
corrosion:
(Continued)(Continued)
1. Wash the undercarriage of your
vehicle regularly throughout the
winter and do a thorough washing
in the spring to remove road salt
and other de-icing chemicals.
2. Monitor the brake system for signs of corrosion by having regu-
lar professional inspections and
watching for signs of problems,
including loss of brake fluid,
unusual leaks and soft or spongy
feel in the brake pedal.
3. Replace the entire brake pipe assembly if you find severe corro-
sion that causes scaling or flaking
of brake components.
Brake fluid
Check the brake fluid level in the
brake fluid reservoir. The level should
be between “MIN” and “MAX” marks
on the side of the reservoir. Use only
hydraulic brake fluid conforming to
DOT 3 or DOT 4 specification.
Parking brake
Inspect the parking brake system
including the parking brake pedal
and cables.
Brake discs, pads, calipers
and rotors
Check the pads for excessive wear,
discs for run out and wear, and
calipers for fluid leakage.

823
Maintenance
Exhaust pipe and muffler
Visually inspect the exhaust pipes,
muffler and hangers for cracks, dete-
rioration, or damage. Start the
engine and listen carefully for any
exhaust gas leakage. Tighten con-
nections or replace parts as neces-
sary.
Suspension mounting bolts
Check the suspension connections
for looseness or damage. Retighten
to the specified torque.
Steering gear box, linkage &
boots/lower arm ball joint
With the vehicle stopped and engine
off, check for excessive free-play in
the steering wheel.
Check the linkage for bends or dam-
age. Check the dust boots and ball
joints for deterioration, cracks, or
damage. Replace any damaged
parts.
Drive shafts and boots
Check the drive shafts, boots and
clamps for cracks, deterioration, or
damage. Replace any damaged
parts and, if necessary, repack the
grease.
Air conditioning refrigerant
Check the air conditioning lines and
connections for leakage and dam-
age.When checking engine oil, engine
coolant, brake fluid, and washer fluid,
always be sure to clean the area
around any filler plug, drain plug, or
dipstick before checking or draining
any lubricant or fluid. This is espe-
cially important in dusty or sandy
areas and when the vehicle is used
on unpaved roads. Cleaning the plug
and dipstick areas will prevent dirt
and grit from entering the engine and
other mechanisms that could be
damaged.
CHECKING FLUID LEVELS

831
Maintenance
BRAKE FLUID
Checking the brake fluid level
Check the fluid level in the reservoir
periodically. The fluid level should be
between MAX (Maximum) and MIN
(Minimum) marks on the side of the
reservoir.
Before removing the reservoir cap
and adding brake fluid, clean the
area around the reservoir cap thor-
oughly to prevent brake fluid contam-
ination.If the level is low, add fluid to the
MAX (Maximum) level. The level will
fall with accumulated mileage. This is
a normal condition associated with
the wear of brake linings. If the fluid
level is excessively low, have the
brake system checked by an author-
ized Kia dealer.
Use only the specified brake fluid.
(Refer to “Recommended lubricantsand capacities” in chapter 9.)
Never mix different types of fluid.
In the event the brake system
requires frequent additions of fluid,
the vehicle should be inspected by
an authorized Kia dealer.
When changing and adding brake
fluid, handle it carefully. Do not let it
come in contact with your eyes. If
brake fluid should come in contact
with your eyes, immediately flush
them with a large quantity of fresh
tap water. Have your eyes examined
by a doctor as soon as possible.
Brake fluid, which has been exposed
to open air for an extended time
should never be used as its quality
cannot be guaranteed. It should be
disposed of properly.
OJFH075166CAUTION - Brake fluid
Do not allow brake fluid to con-tact the vehicle's body paint, aspaint damage will result.
CAUTION - Proper fluid
Only use brake fluid in brakesystem. Small amounts ofimproper fluids (such as engineoil) can cause damage to thebrake system.

Maintenance
96
8
Finish damage repair
Deep scratches or stone chips in the
painted surface must be repaired
promptly. Exposed metal will quickly
rust and may develop into a major
repair expense.
If your vehicle is damaged and
requires any metal repair or replace-
ment, be sure the body shop applies
anti-corrosion materials to the parts
repaired or replaced.
Bright-metal maintenance
To remove road tar and insects,
use a tar remover, not a scraper or
other sharp object.
To protect the surfaces of bright- metal parts from corrosion, apply a
coating of wax or chrome preser-
vative and rub to a high luster.
During winter weather or in coastal areas, cover the bright metal parts
with a heavier coating of wax or
preservative. If necessary, coat the
parts with non-corrosive petroleum
jelly or other protective compound.
Underbody maintenance
Road salt and other corrosive chemi-
cals are used in cold weather states to
melt snow and prevent ice accumula-
tion. If these chemicals are not regu-
larly removed, they will corrode the
vehicle underbody and over time dam-
age fuel lines, the fuel tank retention
system, the vehicle suspension, the
exhaust system, and even the body
frame. The National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration has warned all
vehicle owners of all brands of the
need to take the following steps:
Wash the undercarriage of yourvehicle regularly during the winter
and whenever your vehicle has
been exposed to such salts or
chemicals.
Do a thorough washing of the undercarriage at the end of the
winter.
Use professional service techni- cians or governmental inspection
stations to annually inspect for cor-
rosion. Immediately seek an inspection of
your vehicle if you become visually
aware of corrosion flaking or scal-
ing or if you become aware of a
change in vehicle performance,
such as soft or spongey brakes,
fluids leaking, impairment of direc-
tional control, suspension noises
or rattling metal straps.
Aluminum wheel maintenance
The aluminum wheels are coated
with a clear protective finish.
Do not use any abrasive cleaner,polishing compound, solvent, or
wire brushes on aluminum wheels.
They may scratch the finish.
Clean the wheel when it has cooled.
Use only a mild soap or neutral detergent, and rinse thoroughly with
water. Also, be sure to clean the
wheels after driving on salted roads.
This helps prevent corrosion.

Specifications, Consumer information, Reporting safety defects
69
RECOMMENDED LUBRICANTS AND CAPACITIES
To help achieve proper engine and powertrain performance and durability, use only lubricants of the proper quality.
The correct lubricants also help promote engine efficiency that results in improved fuel economy.
These lubricants and fluids are recommended for use in your vehicle.
*1Refer to the recommended SAE viscosity numbers on the next page.
*2Engine oils labeled Energy Conserving Oil are now available. Along with other additional benefits, they contribute to fuel econo my by reducing
the amount of fuel necessary to overcome engine friction. Often, these improvements are difficult to measure in everyday driving, but in a year’s
time, they can offer significant cost and energy savings.
*
3If the API SM engine oil is not available, you can use API SN or above.
*4If the ILSAC GF-4 engine oil is not available, you can use ILSAC GF-5 or above.
Lubricant VolumeClassification
Engine oil *1*2
(drain and refill)
Recommends
4.33 US qt. (4.1 l)API SM or above*3, ILSAC GF-4 or above*4,
ACEA-A5 or above
Automatic transaxle fluid6.34 US qt. (6.0 l)
- ATF SP-IV
(Recommended SK ATF SP-IV,
MICHANG ATF SP-IV, NOCA ATF SP-IV)
Coolant7.12 US qt. (6.74 l)Mixture of antifreeze and water
(Ethylene glycol base coolant for aluminum radiator)
Inverter coolant3.30 US qt. (3.13 l)Mixture of antifreeze and water
(Ethylene glycol base coolant for aluminum radiator)
Brake0.52 ± 0.02 US qt. (0.49 ± 0.02 L)DOT 3 or DOT 4
FuelHybrid17.17 US gal. (65 l)Refer to Fuel requirements in chapter 1.Plug-in hybrid14.52 US gal. (55 l)

I3
Index
Automatic turn off function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-110
Automatic ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-124
Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41System setting and activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41
AEB warning message and system control . . . . . . . 6-44
Brake operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-45
Sensor to detect the distance from the vehicle infront (front radar) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46
System malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-47
Limitation of the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-48
Recognizing pedestrians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-51
Back-up lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-89
Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. . 8-42 For best battery service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-42
Recharging the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43
Reset items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44
Battery saver function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-100
Before driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Blind Spot Detection System(BSD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-77 BSD (Blind Spot Detection) /LCA (Lane Change Assist) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-78
RCTA (Rear cross traffic alert) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-81
Limitations condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-83
Bonnet see the hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27 Brake system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Power brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Electric parking brake (EPB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
AUTO HOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Anti-lock brake system (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32
Electronic stability control (ESC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34
Vehicle stability management (VSM) . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38
Hill-start assist control (HAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39
Brakes fluid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31\
Checking the brake fluid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-80
Bulb replacement precaution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-80
Bulb wattage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Button start/stop, see engine start/stop button . . . . . . . . 6-6
California Perchlorate notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-105
Camera (Rear view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-99
Capacities (Lubricants) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Care Care of seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
SRS Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-69
Tire care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45\
Exterior care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-94
Interior care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-99
Care of seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
B
C