2017 VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE HYBRID brake

DRIVER SUPPORT
}}
355
Run-off Mitigation
Run-off Mitigation is designed to assist thedriver by helping return the vehicle to its trafficlane if it is about to go off the road.
Run-off Mitigation is active at speeds between
40–87 mph (65–140 km/h)10 on roads withclearly marked edges or side marker lines.
Run-off Mitigation uses a camera to monitor theedges of a road and its side marker lines. If thevehicle is about to cross the edge of the road orside marker line, Run-off Mitigation will attemptto actively steer the vehicle back onto the road. Ifthe attempt to steer the vehicle is not sufficient,the brakes will also be applied.
Run-off Mitigation does not provide steering orbraking assistance if a turn signal is being used.If the function detects that the vehicle is beingdriven actively, Run-off Mitigation activation maybe delayed for a short time.
The function has two activation levels:
•Steering assistance only
•Steering assistance and braking

Run-off Mitigation with steering assistance
only
Run-off Mitigation provides steering assistance
Run-off Mitigation with steering assistance
and braking
Run-off Mitigation provides steering assistance andbraking
Braking is triggered in situations where steeringassistance may not be sufficient. Braking effect ismodulated automatically depending on the situa-tion when the vehicle begins to run off the road.

Settings
Run-off Mitigation can be activated/deactivatedby pulling down the center display's Top view andnavigating to:
SettingsMy CarIntelliSafeLaneAssistance
To activate Run-off Mitigation:
•Select (tap) the box for Run-off Mitigation,Assistance in case of road departure.
10Always observe posted speed limits.

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.359

Side park assist
The system's side sensors are activated automat-ically when the engine is started and are active atspeeds below approximately 6 mph (10 km/h).
The distance monitored along the sides of thevehicle is approximately 1 ft (30 cm). The audiblesignal comes from the side speakers.
Front park assist
The system's front sensors are activated auto-matically when the engine is started and areactive at speeds below approximately 6 mph(10 km/h).
The distance monitored in front of the vehicle isapproximately 2.5 ft (80 cm). The audible signalcomes from the front speakers.
Front Park Assist is deactivated if the parkingbrake is applied or if the gear selector is put in P.
When installing auxiliary headlights, be sure thatthey do not obstruct the front sensors. Otherwise,these lights could trigger a Park Assist warning.

Related information
•Activating/deactivating Park Assist (p. 359)
•Park Assist limitations (p. 360)
•Park assist symbols and messages (p. 361)
Activating/deactivating Park Assist
The Park Assist system can be turned on or off.
On/Off
Park Assist's front and side sensors are activatedautomatically when the engine is started. Therear sensors activate if the vehicle rolls rearwardin N or if R is selected.
This function can be activated/deactivated in the center dis-play's Function view.
–Tap the Park Assist button.
>Green indicator: the function is active.Gray indicator: the function is deactivated.

Related information
•Park Assist* (p. 358)
•Park Assist limitations (p. 360)
•Park assist symbols and messages (p. 361)

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.360
Park Assist limitations
The Park Assist system has certain limitations.

NOTE
A trailer hitch whose wiring is integrated withthe vehicle's electrical system will be takeninto account when measuring the availablespace behind the vehicle.
NOTE
•The system will not detect high objects,such as a loading dock, etc.
•Certain materials or fabrics may not bedetected by the sensors. Objects made ofthese materials or people wearing cloth-ing made of these fabrics may not bedetected.
•Children or animals near the vehicle maynot always be detected.
•Objects such as chains, thin shiny polesor low objects may temporarily not bedetected by the system. This may resultin the pulsing tone unexpectedly stoppinginstead of changing to a constant tone asthe vehicle approaches the object. Insuch cases, use caution when backing upor stop the vehicle to help avoid damage.
•In certain circumstances, the park assistsystem may give unexpected warning sig-nals that can be caused by externalsound sources that use the same ultra-sound frequencies as the system. Thismay include such things as the horns ofother vehicles, wet tires on asphalt, pneu-matic brakes, motorcycle exhaust pipes,other vehicles with similar ultrasound sys-tems, etc. This does not indicate a fault inthe system.
Cleaning the sensors
Location of the Park Assist sensors
The sensors must be cleaned regularly to ensurethat they work properly. Clean them with waterand a suitable car washing detergent.

NOTE
If the sensors are obstructed by e.g., dirt,snow, or ice, this could result in false warningsignals from the park assist system or thesystem may not function at all.

Related information
•Park Assist* (p. 358)
•Activating/deactivating Park Assist (p. 359)
•Park assist symbols and messages (p. 361)

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.368
Park Assist Pilot (PAP)*
Park Assist Pilot (PAP) helps the driver drive intoparallel or perpendicular parking spaces andleave parallel parking spaces.
Park Assist Pilot provides assistance when park-ing by measuring the parking space and turningthe steering wheel to guide the vehicle into thespace.
Information about the actions required by thedriver is provided in the center display in the formof symbols, images and text.

NOTE
While PAP is active, the driver's task is to:
•carefully monitor the area around thevehicle
•follow the instructions provided in thecenter display
•select a gear (D or R) when prompted
•regulate the vehicle's speed
•apply the brakes when necessary andstop the vehicle
Types of parking
Parallel parking
Procedure for parallel parking
PAP helps park the vehicle as follows:
1.The system searches for and measures apossible parking space. While this is beingdone, the vehicle's speed may not exceedapprox. 20 mph ( 30 km/h). When backinginto a space, the speed may not exceedapprox. 4 mph ( 7 km/h).
2. The vehicle is steered while it is backing intothe parking space. The driver controls thevehicle's speed.
3. The vehicle's position in the parking space isadjusted by prompting the driver to move for-ward and rearward while the system steers.
Perpendicular parking
Procedure for perpendicular parking
PAP helps park the vehicle as follows:
1.The system searches for and measures apossible parking space. While this is beingdone, the vehicle's speed may not exceedapprox. 4 mph ( 7 km/h).
2. The vehicle is steered while it is backing intothe parking space and its position in thespace is adjusted by prompting the driver toselect D or R while the system steers. Thedriver has to control the vehicle's speed.

NOTE
PAP's Park out function cannot be used tohelp a vehicle leave a parking space if thePerpendicular parking function was usedto park the vehicle.

DRIVER SUPPORT
}}
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.369

WARNING
•PAP does not function in all situationsand is only intended to assist the driverduring parallel or perpendicular parking.
•As the driver, you have full responsibilityfor parking the vehicle in a safe manner.

Related information
•Using Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* (p. 369)
•Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* limitations (p. 372)
•Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* symbols and mes-sages (p. 374)
Using Park Assist Pilot (PAP)*
Park Assist Pilot (PAP) gives the driver instruc-tions during the parking procedure. The functioncan also assist when leaving a parking space.
NOTE
While PAP is active, the driver's task is to:
•carefully monitor the area around thevehicle
•follow the instructions provided in thecenter display
•select a gear (D or R) when prompted
•regulate the vehicle's speed
•apply the brakes when necessary andstop the vehicle
Symbols, images and text in the center displayindicate when the various steps in the parkingprocedure will be carried out.
PAP can be activated if the following conditionsare met after the engine has started:
•The vehicle may not be towing a trailer.
•The vehicle's speed must be below approx.20 mph (30 km/h).
•The distance between the vehicle and aparking space must be between 1.6-5.0 ft(0.5-1.5 m)
NOTE
If a trailer hitch is configured in the vehicle'selectrical system, PAP will take the trailerhitch into consideration when determining thenecessary size of a parking space.

Parking
Procedure for parking:
1. The system searches for and measures apossible parking space.
2. The vehicle is steered while it is backing intothe parking space.
3. The vehicle's position is adjusted in the park-ing space by moving forward and rearward.

||
DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.372
1. Tap the Park out button in the center display'sFunction view.
2. Use the turn signal to indicate the direction inwhich the vehicle should leave the parking space.
3. Follow the instructions provided in the centerdisplay. The procedure is the same as when park-ing the vehicle.
The steering wheel may turn back slightly whenthe function is completed and the driver mayhave to turn the back before leaving the parkingspace.
If PAP determines that the driver can leave theparking space without assistance, the functionwill deactivate before the vehicle is completelyout of the space.

Related information
•Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* (p. 368)
•Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* limitations (p. 372)
•Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* symbols and mes-sages (p. 374)
Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* limitations
The PAP function may be limited in certain situa-tions.
The PAP parking sequence is cancelled
A parking sequence will be cancelled:
•if the vehicle is driven too fast: above approx.4 mph (7 km/h)
•if the driver taps Cancel in the center display
•if the driver moves the steering wheel withsufficient force.
•if the anti-lock brakes or Electronic StabilityControl are activated (e.g., if a wheel beginsto spin or lose traction)
In such cases, a text message will explain whythe parking sequence was cancelled.

NOTE
•PAP will not function correctly if its sen-sors are obstructed by dirt, snow, etc.
•In certain situations, PAP may not be ableto measure a parking space. This couldbe due to external sources of sound (e.g.,a vehicle's horn, tires on wet asphalt,pneumatic brakes, noise from a motorcy-cle's exhaust, etc.) emitting ultrasoundusing approximately the same frequen-cies as PAP.
Points to keep in mind
PAP is a parking aid only and the driver shouldalways be prepared to take control and cancel aparking sequence. This can be due to one ormore of the following factors:
•PAP's function is based on the way that thevehicles are parked behind and in front ofyour parking space. If they are, for example,parked too close to the curb, there is a riskthat your vehicle's tires or wheel rims couldbe damaged by the curb during the parkingprocedure.
•PAP is intended to provide parking assis-tance on straight streets, not sections ofstreet with curved or irregular curbs. Be surethat your vehicle is parallel to the curb whenPAP measures the parking space.
•PAP may not be able to provide parkingassistance on narrow streets due to lack ofspace to maneuver the vehicle. In situationslike this, it may help to drive between1.5-5.0 ft (0.5-1.5 m) from the side of theroad where the parking space is located.
•Use only approved tires with the correct infla-tion pressure because this affects PAP'scapacity to provide parking assistance.Changing to a different approved tire sizemay affect PAP's parameters. Consult atrained and qualified Volvo service technician.

STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.376
Starting and driving
The vehicle is equipped with an automatic trans-mission that also makes it possible to shift gearsmanually.
Certain functions can also be used when theengine is not running, depending on the ignitionmode being used.

Related information
•Starting the engine (p. 402)
•Ignition modes (p. 400)
•Automatic transmission (p. 424)
•Opening/closing the fuel filler door (p. 393)
•Parking brake (p. 382)
Brakes
The brake system is a hydraulic system consist-ing of two separate brake circuits. If a problemshould occur in one of these circuits, it is stillpossible to stop the vehicle with the other brakecircuit.
Brake system
If one of the brake circuits is not functioning,more pressure will be needed on the brake pedal(and the pedal will go down farther) for normalbraking effect.
If the brake pedal must be depressed fartherthan normal and requires greater foot pressure,the stopping distance will be longer.
Pressure on the brake pedal is enhanced by thepower braking function.

WARNING
If the vehicle does not have electrical currentand both the electric motor and gasolineengine are switched off, the brakes cannot beused to stop the vehicle.
When the Hill Start Assist function is being used,it will take slightly longer for the brake pedal toreturn to its normal position if the vehicle isparked on an incline or uneven surface.
When driving in very hilly areas or if the vehicle iscarrying a heavy load, using brake mode B toaugment the brakes or the Off Road* drive
mode can also be used on steep downgrades toincrease the engine braking effect at low speeds.
Anti-lock Braking System ABS
The ABS system helps to improve vehicle control(stopping and steering) during severe brakingconditions by limiting brake lockup.
When ABS is operating, there may be somevibration in the brake pedal, which is normal.
The system performs a brief self-diagnostic testwhen the engine has been started and driverreleases the brake pedal. Another automatic testmay be performed when the vehicle first reachesa speed of approximately 6 mph (10 km/h). Thebrake pedal will pulsate several times and asound may be audible from the ABS controlmodule, which is normal.

Function check when the engine is
started
A Plug-in Hybrid is equipped with a "brake bywire" brake system. A function check is per-formed each time the engine is started and thedriver depresses the brake pedal to move thegear selector from P.
In certain cases, a message may appear in theinstrument panel saying that pressure on thebrake pedal is too low. Press harder on the pedal.

Light braking charges the hybrid battery
When the brakes are applied lightly, the electricmotor's braking function is used, which converts

STARTING AND DRIVING
}}
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.377
kinetic energy into electricity that is used tocharge the hybrid battery. This is indicated in theinstrument panel, see also the article "Generalinformation about the XC90 T8 Twin EnginePlug-in Hybrid".
Battery charging gauge in the instrument panel
This function is active at speeds from approx.90 mph (150 km/h) down to 3 mph (5 km/h).When braking at speeds outside of this range orduring harder braking, the hydraulic brake systemis used.

Cleaning the brake discs
Coatings of dirt and water on the brake discsmay result in delayed brake function. This delay isminimized by cleaning the brake linings.
Cleaning the brake pads is advisable in wetweather, prior to long-term parking, and after thevehicle has been washed. Do this by braking gen-tly for a short period while the vehicle is moving.
Driving on wet or salted roads
Prolonged driving on wet or salted roads canaffect brake function and increase stopping dis-tance. Be sure to keep a safe distance to thevehicle ahead when driving under these condi-tions.

Brake pad inspection
On vehicles equipped with a jack*, the conditionof the brake pads can be checked by raising thevehicle and performing a visual inspection of thebrake pads.

WARNING
•If the vehicle has been driven immediatelyprior to a brake pad inspection, the wheelhub, brake components, etc., will be veryhot. Allow time for these components tocool before carrying out the inspection.
•Apply the parking brake and put the gearselector in the Park (P) position.
•Block the wheels standing on the ground,use rigid wooden blocks or large stones.
WARNING
•Use the jack intended for the vehiclewhen changing a tire. For any other job,use stands to support the vehicle.
•The jack should be kept well-greased andclean, and should not be damaged.
•Be sure the jack is on a firm, level, non-slippery surface.
•No objects should be placed between thebase of jack and the ground, or betweenthe jack and the attachment bar on thevehicle.
•The jack must correctly engage the jackattachment.
•Never allow any part of your body to beextended under a vehicle supported by ajack.