2017 VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE HYBRID tire size

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DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.372
1. Tap the Park out button in the center display'sFunction view.
2. Use the turn signal to indicate the direction inwhich the vehicle should leave the parking space.
3. Follow the instructions provided in the centerdisplay. The procedure is the same as when park-ing the vehicle.
The steering wheel may turn back slightly whenthe function is completed and the driver mayhave to turn the back before leaving the parkingspace.
If PAP determines that the driver can leave theparking space without assistance, the functionwill deactivate before the vehicle is completelyout of the space.

Related information
•Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* (p. 368)
•Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* limitations (p. 372)
•Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* symbols and mes-sages (p. 374)
Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* limitations
The PAP function may be limited in certain situa-tions.
The PAP parking sequence is cancelled
A parking sequence will be cancelled:
•if the vehicle is driven too fast: above approx.4 mph (7 km/h)
•if the driver taps Cancel in the center display
•if the driver moves the steering wheel withsufficient force.
•if the anti-lock brakes or Electronic StabilityControl are activated (e.g., if a wheel beginsto spin or lose traction)
In such cases, a text message will explain whythe parking sequence was cancelled.

NOTE
•PAP will not function correctly if its sen-sors are obstructed by dirt, snow, etc.
•In certain situations, PAP may not be ableto measure a parking space. This couldbe due to external sources of sound (e.g.,a vehicle's horn, tires on wet asphalt,pneumatic brakes, noise from a motorcy-cle's exhaust, etc.) emitting ultrasoundusing approximately the same frequen-cies as PAP.
Points to keep in mind
PAP is a parking aid only and the driver shouldalways be prepared to take control and cancel aparking sequence. This can be due to one ormore of the following factors:
•PAP's function is based on the way that thevehicles are parked behind and in front ofyour parking space. If they are, for example,parked too close to the curb, there is a riskthat your vehicle's tires or wheel rims couldbe damaged by the curb during the parkingprocedure.
•PAP is intended to provide parking assis-tance on straight streets, not sections ofstreet with curved or irregular curbs. Be surethat your vehicle is parallel to the curb whenPAP measures the parking space.
•PAP may not be able to provide parkingassistance on narrow streets due to lack ofspace to maneuver the vehicle. In situationslike this, it may help to drive between1.5-5.0 ft (0.5-1.5 m) from the side of theroad where the parking space is located.
•Use only approved tires with the correct infla-tion pressure because this affects PAP'scapacity to provide parking assistance.Changing to a different approved tire sizemay affect PAP's parameters. Consult atrained and qualified Volvo service technician.

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sidewall (see the illustration). A tire with e.g., visi-ble cracks or discoloration should be replacedimmediately.

Tire economy
•Maintain correct tire pressure.
•Avoid fast starts, hard braking and tirescreeching.
•Tire wear increases with speed.
•Correct front wheel alignment is very impor-tant.
•Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy anddriving comfort.
•Tires must maintain the same direction ofrotation throughout their lifetime.
•When replacing tires, the tires with the mosttread should be mounted on the rear wheelsto reduce the chance of oversteer duringhard braking.
•Hitting curbs or potholes can damage thetires and/or wheels permanently.

Tire rotation
Your vehicle has no required tire rotation. Tirewear is affected by a number of factors such astire inflation, ambient temperature, driving style,etc.
NOTE
•If the tires are rotated, they should onlybe moved from front to rear or vice versa.They should never be rotated left toright/right to left.
•Ideally, tire rotation should be done thefirst time after approximately 3,000 miles(5,000 km) and thereafter at 6,000-mile(10,000-km) intervals. Some customersfind that tire rotation may help to getextra mileage from tire life.
•Tire rotation should only be performed iffront/rear tire wear is fairly even andtread height is above 1/16" (1.6 mm).

Storing wheels and tires
When storing complete wheels (tires mounted onrims), they should be suspended off the floor orplaced on their sides on the floor.
Tires not mounted on rims should be stored ontheir sides or standing upright, but should not besuspended.

CAUTION
Tires should preferably be stored in a cool,dry, dark place, and should never be stored inclose proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.
WARNING
•The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvoare specified to meet stringent stabilityand handling requirements. Unapprovedwheel/tire size combinations can nega-tively affect your vehicle's stability andhandling.
•Any damage caused by installation ofunapproved wheel/tire size combinationswill not be covered by your new vehiclewarranty. Volvo assumes no responsibilityfor death, injury, or expenses that mayresult from such installations.

Related information
•Checking tire inflation pressure (p. 486)
•Tread wear indicator (p. 483)

WHEELS AND TIRES
480
Tire sidewall designations
The following information can be found on atire's sidewall.
Federal law mandates that tire manufacturersplace standardized information on the sidewall ofall tires (see the illustration).
The vehicle has been certified with certain combi-nations of wheels and tires.
The following information is listed on the tiresidewall:
The tire designation:

NOTE
Please be aware that the following tire desig-nation is an example only and that this par-ticular tire may not be available on your vehi-cle.
1.215: the width of the tire (in millimeters)from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. Thelarger the number, the wider the tire.
2.65: The ratio of the tire's height to its widthin percent.
3.R: Radial tire (the designation RF and the
symbol indicate that the vehicle isequipped with optional self-supporting run
flat tires3.
4.15: The diameter of the wheel rim (ininches).
5.95: The tire's load index. In this example, aload index of 95 equals a maximum load of1521 lbs (690 kg).
6.H: The tire's speed rating, or the maximumspeed at which the tire is designed to bedriven for extended periods of time, carryinga permissible load for the vehicle, and withcorrect inflation pressure. For example, Hindicates a speed rating of 130 mph(210 km/h).
NOTE
The tire's load index and speed rating maynot appear on the sidewall because they arenot required by law.
7.M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All Ter-rain, AS = All Season
8.U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number(TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" andindicates that the tire meets all federalstandards. The next two numbers or lettersare the plant code where it was manufac-tured, the next two are the tire size code andthe last four numbers represent the weekand year the tire was built. For example,1510 means that the tire was manufacturedduring week 15 of 2010. The numbers inbetween are marketing codes used at themanufacturer's discretion. This informationhelps a tire manufacturer identify a tire forsafety recall purposes.
9.Tire Ply Composition and MaterialUsed: Indicates the number of plies indi-cates or the number of layers of rubber-coated fabric in the tire tread and sidewall.Tire manufacturers also must indicate the plymaterials in the tire and the sidewall, whichinclude steel, nylon, polyester, and others.
3Self-supporting run flat tires may not be available on all models

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10.Maximum Load: Indicates the maximumload in pounds and kilograms that can becarried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tireinformation placard located on the B-Pillarfor the correct tire pressure for your vehicle.
11.Treadwear, Traction, and Temperaturegrades.
12.Maximum permissible inflationpressure: the greatest amount of air pres-sure that should ever be put in the tire. Thislimit is set by the tire manufacturer.

Speed Symbol
A tire's Speed Symbol (SS) indicates the maxi-mum speed for which the tire has been certifiedand should be at least equivalent to the vehicle'stop speed.
Winter tires, with our without studs, are excep-tions and may use a lower SS. When winter tiresare installed, the vehicle may not be driven fasterthan the tires' SS.
The vehicle's speed should always be determinedby the posted speed limit and traffic and roadconditions, not the tire's SS.
The following table indicates the maximum per-missible speed for each SS.
Speed Symbol
M81 mph (130 km/h)
Q100 mph (160 km/h)
T118 mph (190 km/h)
H130 mph (210 km/h)
V149 mph (240 km/h)
W168 mph (270 km/h)
Y186 mph (300 km/h)

WARNING
•The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvoare specified to meet stringent stabilityand handling requirements. Unapprovedwheel/tire size combinations can nega-tively affect your vehicle's stability andhandling.
•Any damage caused by installation ofunapproved wheel/tire size combinationswill not be covered by your new vehiclewarranty. Volvo assumes no responsibilityfor death, injury, or expenses that mayresult from such installations.
Wheel (rim) designations
Wheel and rim dimensions are shown in the fol-lowing table.
The vehicle has been certified with certain combi-nations of wheels and tires.
The following table shows an example of wheeldimensions: 8Jx18x42.5. This particular wheelmay not be available on your vehicle.
8Wheel width in inches
JRim flange profile
18Wheel diameter in inches
42.5Offset in mm (distance from the centerof the wheel to the wheel's contact sur-face on the hub)

Related information
•Tire sidewall designations (p. 480)

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Tire terminology
The following is a glossary of tire-related terms.
The tire suppliers may have additional markings,notes or warnings such as standard load, radialtubeless, etc.
•Tire information placard: A placard show-ing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes,recommended inflation pressure, and themaximum weight the vehicle can carry.
•Tire Identification Number (TIN): A numberon the sidewall of each tire providing infor-mation about the tire brand and manufactur-ing plant, tire size and date of manufacturer.
•Inflation pressure: A measure of theamount of air in a tire.
•Standard load: A class of P-metric or Metrictires designed to carry a maximum load at35 psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires].Increasing the inflation pressure beyond thispressure will not increase the tires load car-rying capability.
•Extra load: A class of P-metric or Metrictires designed to carry a heavier maximumload at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metrictires]. Increasing the inflation pressurebeyond this pressure will not increase thetire's load carrying capability.
•kPa: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pressure.
•PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard unitof air pressure.
•B-pillar: The structural member at the sideof the vehicle behind the front door.
•Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire nextto the rim.
•Sidewall of the tire: Area between the beadarea and the tread.
•Tread area of the tire: Area of the perime-ter of the tire that contacts the road whenmounted on the vehicle.
•Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or atire and tube assembly upon which the tirebeads are seated.
•Maximum load rating: a figure indicatingthe maximum load in pounds and kilogramsthat can be carried by the tire. This rating isestablished by the tire manufacturer.
•Maximum permissible inflation pressure:the greatest amount of air pressure thatshould ever be put in the tire. This limit is setby the tire manufacturer.
•Recommended tire inflation pressure:inflation pressure, established by Volvo,which is based on the type of tires that aremounted on a vehicle at the factory. Thisinformation can be found on the tire inflationplacard(s) located on the driver's side B-pillarand in the tire inflation table in this chapter.
•Cold tires: The tires are considered to becold when they have the same temperatureas the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem-
perature is normally reached after the vehiclehas been parked for at least 3 hours.

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Tire direction of rotation
Incorrectly mounted tires impair the car's brakingproperties and ability to force aside rain, snowand slush.
The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire
•The tires with the most tread should alwaysbe on the rear axle (to help reduce the risk ofskidding).
•When switching between summer and wintertires, mark the tires to indicate where theywere mounted on the car, e.g., LF = left front,RR = right rear
•Tires with tread designed to roll in only onedirection are marked with an arrow on thesidewall.
•Contact a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician if you are unsure about the treaddepth.

Related information
•Tires (p. 478)Tread wear indicator
The tires have wear indicator strips runningacross or parallel to the tread.
The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire.When approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left onthe tread, these strips become visible and indi-cate that the tire should be replaced. Tires withless than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread offer very poortraction.
When replacing worn tires, it is recommendedthat the tire be identical in type (radial) and sizeas the one being replaced. Using a tire of thesame make (manufacturer) will help preventalteration of the driving characteristics of thevehicle.

Related information
•Tire direction of rotation (p. 483)
•Checking tire inflation pressure (p. 486)

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485
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUSTCONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIRE-MENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES.
Quality grades can be found, where applica-ble, on the tire sidewall between the treadshoulder and maximum section width. Forexample:
Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A

TREADWEAR
The treadwear grade is a comparative ratingbased on the wear rate of the tire when testedunder controlled conditions on a specified gov-ernment test course. For example, a tire graded150 would wear one and one half (1 ½) times aswell on the government course as a tire graded100. The relative performance of tires dependsupon the actual conditions of their use, however,and many depart significantly from the norm dueto variation in driving habits, maintenance practi-ces and differences in road characteristics andclimate.

TRACTION
The traction grades, from highest to lowest, areAA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlledconditions on specified government test surfacesof asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C mayhave poor traction performance. The tractiongrade assigned to this tire is based on braking
(straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a meas-ure of cornering (turning) traction.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire isbased on braking (straight-ahead) tractiontests and is not a measure of cornering (turn-ing) traction.

TEMPERATURE
The temperature grades are A (the highest), B,and C, representing the tire's resistance to thegeneration of heat and its ability to dissipate heatwhen tested under controlled conditions on aspecified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustainedhigh temperature can cause the material of thetire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and exces-sive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure.The grade C corresponds to a minimum level ofperformance that all passenger vehicle tires mustmeet under the Federal Motor Safety StandardNo. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levelsof performance on the laboratory test wheel thanthe minimum required by law.

WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab-lished for a tire that is properly inflated andnot overloaded. Excessive speed, under-infla-tion, or excessive loading, either separately orin combination, can cause heat buildup andtire failure.
Snow tires and chains
The use of snow chains and/or winter tires canhelp improve traction in winter driving conditions.
Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with thefollowing restrictions:
•Snow chains should be installed on frontwheels only. Use only Volvo approved snowchains.
•If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tiresand wheels are installed and are of a size dif-ferent than the original tires and wheels,chains in some cases CANNOT be used.Sufficient clearances between chains andbrakes, suspension and body componentsmust be maintained.
•Some strap-on type chains will interfere withbrake components and therefore CANNOTbe used.
•All Wheel Drive models: Snow chainsshould only be installed on the front wheels.
•Certain size tires may not allow the assemblyof snow chains/traction devices.
Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snowchain information.

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the inflation pressure recommended by the vehi-cle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tireinflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tiresof a different size than the size indicated on thevehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, youshould determine the proper tire inflation pres-sure for those tires.)
As an added safety feature, your vehicle hasbeen equipped with a tire pressure monitoringsystem (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pres-sure telltale when one or more of your tires issignificantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when thelow tire pressure telltale illuminates, you shouldstop and check your tires as soon as possible,and inflate them to the proper pressure.
Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire cau-ses the tire to overheat and can lead to tire fail-ure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiencyand tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle'shandling and stopping ability. Please note thatthe TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire main-tenance, and it is the driver's responsibility tomaintain correct tire pressure, even if under-infla-tion has not reached the level to trigger illumina-tion of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale.
Your vehicle has also been equipped with aTPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when thesystem is not operating properly. The TPMS mal-function indicator is combined with the low tirepressure telltale.
When the system detects a malfunction, the tell-tale will flash for approximately one minute andthen remain continuously illuminated. Thissequence will continue upon subsequent vehiclestart-ups as long as the malfunction exists. Whenthe malfunction indicator is illuminated, the sys-tem may not be able to detect or signal low tirepressure as intended.
TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety ofreasons, including the installation of replacementor alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle thatprevent the TPMS from functioning properly.Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale afterreplacing one or more tires or wheels on yourvehicle to ensure that the replacement or alter-nate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to con-tinue to function properly.

Messages in the instrument panel
When the TPMS symbol illuminates, the followingtext messages may also be displayed:
•Tire pressure low
•Tire pressure system Temporarilyunavailable
•Tire pressure system Service required
If TPMS cannot determine which tire(s) have lowinflation pressure:
•All four tires will be shown as affected in thecenter display
After changing wheels, always calibrate the sys-tem to avoid false warnings.
TPMS does not replace the need for regular tireinspection and maintenance.
NOTE
If you change to tires with a different dimen-sion than the factory-installed ones, theTPMS system must be calibrated for thesetires.
TPMS cannot be turned off.

WARNING
Incorrect inflation pressure could lead to tirefailure, resulting in a loss of control of thevehicle.

Related information
•Checking tire inflation pressure (p. 493)
•Reinflating tires equipped with the TirePressure Monitoring System (TPMS)(p. 494)
•Ignition modes (p. 400)