
Driving
If the battery charge is low, the auxiliary heat-
er w i
l
l switch off automatically or will not
even switch on. This avoids problems when
starting the engine.
● The heater will switch on just once each
time. The timer wi
ll also have to be switched
back on every time it is required. Note
● Noise w i
ll be heard while the auxiliary
heater is running.
● When the air humidity is high and the out-
side temper
ature low, the heating system
may evaporate condensation from the auxili-
ary heater. In this case, steam may be re-
leased from underneath the vehicle. This is
completely normal and there is no need to
suspect a fault!
● If the auxiliary heater runs several times
over a pr
olonged period, the vehicle battery
may run flat. To re-charge the battery, drive
the vehicle for a long distance. As a general
rule, drive for as much time as the auxiliary
heating was working. Driving
Ad dr
e
ss
Introduction The power steering is not hydraulic but elec-
tromec
h
anical. The advantage of this steer-
ing system is that it disposes of hydraulic
tubes, hydraulic oil, the pump, filter and oth-
er components. The electromechanical sys-
tem saves fuel. While a hydraulic system re-
quires oil pressure to be maintained, electro-
mechanical steering only requires energy
when the steering wheel is turned.
With the power steering system, the assisted
steering function automatically adjusts ac-
cording to the vehicle speed, the steering tor-
que and the wheel turning angle. The power
steering only works when the engine is run-
ning. WARNING
If the power steering is not working then the
st eerin
g wheel is much more difficult to turn
and the vehicle more difficult to control.
● The power steering only works when the
engine is
running.
● Never allow the vehicle to move when the
engine is
switched off.
● Never remove the key from the ignition if
the vehic
le is in motion. The steering may lock and it will not be possible to turn the
st
eerin
g wheel. Control and warning lamps
It lights up red
Power steering faul-
ty.The steering system should be
checked by a specialised work-
shop as soon as possible.
It lights up yellow
Power steering op-
eration reduced.The steering system should be
checked by a specialised work-
shop as soon as possible.
If, after restarting the engine and
driving for a short distance, the
yellow warning lamp no longer
comes on, it will
not be necessa-
ry to take the vehicle to a speci-
alised workshop.
The vehicle battery
was disconnected
and has been recon-
nected.Drive for a short distance at
15-20 km/h (9-12 mph).
Flashes red
Fault in the steering
column electronic
lock.
Do not drive on!
Seek professional advice.» 181
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Operation
●
Do not p u
sh or tow start the engine. Un-
burnt fuel could damage the catalytic con-
verter. For the sake of the environment
Do not warm the engine at idle speed; start
driv ing immedi
ately if the visibility is OK.
This helps the engine reach operating tem-
perature faster and reduces emissions. Note
● For e x
ample, if the key battery is very worn
or flat, the engine cannot be started with the
starter button. In this case, remove the igni-
tion button from the lock and insert the key.
● Electrical devices with a high power con-
sumption are sw
itched off temporarily when
the engine starts.
● When the engine is started cold, there may
be stron
g vibrations for a few moments for
technical reasons. This is quite normal, and
no cause for concern.
● At temperatures below +5°C (+41°F),
smoke ma
y be given off below the vehicle
when the additional heater is connected. Stopping the engine
Complete operations only in the sequence
giv
en:
Vehicles without
Keyless AccessVehicles with
Keyless Access
1.Bring the vehicle to a full stop ››› .
2.Press and hold the brake pedal until the step 4 is
performed.
3.If the vehicle has an automatic gearbox, place theselector lever in position P.
4.Connect the electronic parking brake ››› page 187.
5.Turn the vehicle key in
the ignition lock to po-
sition ››› Fig. 198 1
.
Briefly press the start-
up button
››› Fig. 199. If
the engine fails to
switch off, perform an
emergency disconnect
››› page 184.
6.If the vehicle is equipped with a manual gearbox,
put it into 1st or reverse. WARNING
Never switch off the engine while the vehicle
is mo
ving. You may lose control of the vehicle
and there is a risk of serious accident.
● The airbags and belt tensioners do not
work when the ignition i
s switched off.
● The brake servo does not work with the en-
gine off. T
o stop, the brake pedal must be
pressed with more force.
● As the power steering does not work if the
engine is
not running, you will need more
strength to steer than normally. ●
If the k ey
is removed from the ignition, the
steering may lock and it will not be possible
to steer the vehicle. CAUTION
● If the v
ehicle is stopped and the Start-Stop
system* switches off the engine, the ignition
remains switched on. Make sure that the igni-
tion is switched off before leaving the vehi-
cle, otherwise the battery could discharge.
● If the engine has been driven at high speed
for a pro
longed period of time, it may over-
heat when turned off. To avoid engine dam-
age, allow the engine to run for approximate-
ly two minutes in neutral before switching it
off. Note
● In v ehic
les with automatic gearbox, the key
can only be removed when the selector lever
is in position P.
● After stopping the engine, the engine com-
partment
fan may continue running for a few
minutes, even when the ignition has been
switched off or the key removed. The radiator
fan is automatically switched off. Electronic immobiliser
The gear lock prevents the engine from being
s
t
ar
ted with an unauthorised key and the ve-
hicle being moved.
186

Operation
WARNING
Wet, frozen or salt-covered brakes take lon-
ger t o en
gage and this increases braking dis-
tances.
● Test the brakes carefully.
● Dry the brakes, free them of ice and salt by
brakin
g gently several times, when weather,
road and traffic conditions permit. WARNING
Driving without the brake servo may signifi-
cantly inc
rease the braking distance and re-
sult in a severe accident.
● Never allow the vehicle to move forwards
when the engine is
switched off.
● If the brake servo does not operate or the
vehicl
e must be towed, then the brake pedal
will have to be pressed with more force given
that the braking distance will be increased
when the brake servo does not operate. CAUTION
● Never m ak
e the brakes “slip” by pressing
the pedal gently, if it is not really necessary
to brake. Continuously pressing on the brake
pedal will heat the brakes. This could signifi-
cantly reduce braking power, increase brak-
ing distance or even result in the total failure
of the brake system.
● Reduce speed or change down a gear when
faced w
ith steep and long slopes. This allows
you to use the engine braking effect and to reduce the strain on the brake system. Other-
wi
se, the br
akes may overheat and fail. Only
use the brakes to reduce speed or to stop. Note
When checking the front brake pads, take the
time t o al
so check the rear brake pads. The
thickness of the brake pads should be
checked visually and regularly, by looking
through the openings in the wheel rims or
from underneath the vehicle. If necessary, re-
move the wheels to check them thoroughly.
SEAT recommends taking your car in for tech-
nical service. Gearbox
Intr oduction When reverse gear is engaged and the igni-
tion i
s
sw
itched on the following takes place:
● Reverse lights light up.
● When reversing, the air conditioner auto-
matical
ly changes to air recirculation mode.
● The rear window heater switches on when
the winds
creen wiper is activated.
● Also, the parking sensor system, the opti-
cal p
arking sensor and the camera for the re-
verse assist system are connected. WARNING
Rapid acceleration can cause loss of traction
and skid din
g, especially on slippery ground.
This could cause loss of control of the vehicle
resulting in an accident and considerable
damage.
● Only use the kick-down function or rapid
accel
eration if visibility, weather, road and
traffic conditions so permit. WARNING
Do not allow the brakes to “rub” for a pro-
long ed period of
time, or brake frequently or
for long periods of time. Continuous braking
heats up the brakes. This could significantly
reduce braking power, increase braking dis-
tance or even result in the total failure of the
brake system. Control and warning lamps
It lights up red
Brake pedal not
pressed!Press brake pedal to the floor.
It lights up green
Brake pedal not
pressed.To select a range of gears, press
the brake pedal.
Please also see "Electronic park-
ing brake"
››› page 187. 192

Driving
accelerator. This eliminates the need for con-
s t
ant
braking and acceleration.
Calm and steady driving
Constancy is more important than speed: The
more you drive at a constant speed, the lower
the fuel consumption.
When driving on the motorway, it is more effi-
cient to drive at a constant and more moder-
ate speed than to be continuously accelerat-
ing and braking. As a general rule, you will
reach your destination just as quickly when
you drive at a constant speed.
The cruise control function helps you to ach-
ieve a constant style of driving.
Moderate use of additional devices
It is important to travel in comfort, but con-
venience systems should be used ecological-
ly.
Some equipment, when connected, increase
fuel consumption considerably, for example:
● Air conditioning cooling system: If the air
conditioning sy
stem is required to cool to
significantly lower temperatures than the true
outside temperature, it will require a large
amount of energy from the engine. Therefore,
we recommend that the selected temperature
for the vehicle is not too different to the out-
side temperature. It is a good idea to air the
vehicle before starting your journey and to drive a short distance with all the windows
open. Only then shou
ld you close all the win-
dows and switch on the air conditioning.
Keep windows closed when travelling at high
speeds. Driving with the windows open in-
creases fuel consumption.
● Switch off the seat heating when the seats
have w
armed up.
● Switch off the heated rear window and the
winds
creen heating when the windows have
demisted and are free of ice.
● Do not leave the auxiliary heater switched
on when the vehic
le is moving ››› page 177.
Avoid short journeys
Fuel consumption is much higher when the
engine is cold, immediately after it has been
started. It takes a few kilometres of driving
for the engine to warm up and to normalise
consumption.
The engine and catalytic converter need to
reach their proper working temperature in or-
der to minimise fuel consumption and emis-
sions. The ambient temperature has a deci-
sive influence.
Therefore, unnecessary short journeys
should be avoided. Try to combine trips.
The vehicle uses more fuel in winter than in
summer, even when other conditions are the
same. The engine takes a long time to warm up
when it is
idling. Mechanical wear and pollu-
tant emissions are also especially high dur-
ing this initial warm-up phase. It is therefore
best to drive off immediately after starting
the engine. Avoid running the engine at high
speed.
Adjusting type pressures.
Having the correct pressure in your tyres
helps to reduce rolling resistance and, as a
result reduces fuel consumption. Increasing
the tyre pressure slightly (+0.2 bar
[2.9 psi/20 kPa]) can help to save fuel.
If you are prepared to accept a slight reduc-
tion in comfort, the tyres may be filled to the
pressures recommended for a fully-loaded
vehicle. This is also valid when driving alone
without luggage.
When you buy new tyres, make sure they are
optimised for minimum rolling resistance.
Avoid carrying unnecessary loads
The lighter the vehicle, the more economical
and ecological the driving style. For example,
an additional weight of 100 kg will increase
fuel consumption up to 0.3 l/100 km.
Remove any unnecessary objects or loads
from the vehicle. »
199
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Checking and refilling levels
Control lamps and fuel gauge Fig. 234
On the instrument panel: Fuel gauge
f or petr
o
l and diesel
It lights up
Gauge posi-
tion
››› Fig. 234Possible cause
››› Solution
Red mark (ar- row)
The fuel tank is al-
most empty.
The reserve tank is
being used
››› page 39.
Refuel as soon as
possible ››› .
It lights up
Fuel tank not
closed cor-
rectly.Stop the vehicle and close the tank
flap properly.
Several warning and control lamps light up
f
or a f
ew sec
onds when the ignition is switch-
ed on, signalling that the function is being verified. They will switch off after a few sec-
onds.
When the contr
ol lamp lights up or the
auxiliary heating and heater running off pet-
rol automatically switch off. WARNING
Driving with insufficient fuel reserve could re-
su lt
in the vehicle breaking down in traffic
and a serious accident.
● If the fuel level is too low then the fuel sup-
ply t
o the engine can become irregular espe-
cially on slopes.
● If the engine “is choked” or stalls due to
lack
of or irregularity of the fuel supply, the
power steering as well as all of the driver as-
sistance systems including braking assis-
tance will stop working.
● Always refuel when there is only one quar-
ter of the f
uel tank left to avoid running out of
fuel. CAUTION
● Alw a
ys pay attention to any lit control
lamps and to the corresponding descriptions
and instructions to avoid damage to the vehi-
cle.
● Never run the fuel tank completely dry. An
irregu
lar fuel supply may lead to ignition
faults and unburnt fuel could enter the ex-
haust system. This could damage the catalyt-
ic converter filter or the diesel particulate fil-
ter! Note
The arrow next to the fuel pump symbol on
the ins trument
panel ››› Fig. 234 indicates the
side of the vehicle on which the fuel tank flap
is located. Refuelling
Fig. 235
Open fuel tank flap with tank cap in
the ho l
der Read the additional information carefully
› ›
›
page 39
Refuelling
The correct petrol type for the vehicle is loca-
ted on a sticker inside the fuel tank flap
››› page 264.
● If the automatic filler nozzle is operated
correctly
, it will switch itself off as soon as
the tank is full ››› .
»
263
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Advice
●
If it i
s necessary to work on the fuel system
or the electrical system, please follow the in-
structions below:
–Always disconnect the vehicle battery.
When disconnecting the battery, ensure
that the vehicle is unlocked otherwise
the anti-theft alarm will be triggered.
– Never work close to heaters, heat sources
or places exposed to flames or sparks.
● Always keep a recently serviced and per-
fectly w
orking fire extinguisher close by.
● Never cover the engine with additional in-
sul
ating materials such as a blanket. Risk of
fire! CAUTION
When refilling or changing service liquids,
ens ur
e that you put the liquids into the right
tank. Making a mistake when refilling could
cause serious malfunctions and damage the
engine! For the sake of the environment
Service fluids leaks are harmful to the envi-
ronment . F
or this reason you should make
regular checks on the ground underneath
your vehicle. Take the vehicle to a specialised
workshop to be checked if you see stains, oil
or other fluids on the ground. Collect any
spilt service fluids and allow a professional to
dispose of them. Opening and closing the bonnet
Fig. 238
In the footwell on the driver side:
L ev
er f
or unlocking the bonnet Fig. 239
Release lever to open the bonnet in
the r a
di
ator grille Opening the bonnet
The l
ev
er t
o open the bonnet can only be
used if the driver door is open. ●
Befor
e opening the bonnet, make sure that
the windscreen wiper arms are in place
against the windscreen ››› .
● Open the driver door.
● Pull the release lever ››
›
Fig. 238 in the di-
rection of the arrow. The bonnet is released
from the lock carrier by a spring mechanism
››› .
● Lift the bonnet using the release lever
› ›
›
Fig. 239 (arrow) and open the bonnet fully.
The bonnet is held open thanks to the gas
strut.
Closing the bonnet
● To close the bonnet, pull it down to over-
come the ga
s strut pressure ››› .
● Allow the bonnet to fall into the lock carrier.
Do not pr
e
ss down.
If the bonnet is not correctly closed, open it
once again and close it correctly.
The bonnet is correctly closed when it is flush
with the corresponding parts on the body-
work. WARNING
If the bonnet is not correctly closed, it could
sud den
ly open while driving leaving the driv-
er without visibility. This could result in a se-
rious accident. 270

Checking and refilling levels
and they must be charged in a controlled en-
v ir
onment
››› . SEAT recommends taking
y our c
ar in f
or technical service.
Replacing a vehicle battery
The battery has been developed to suit the
conditions of its location and has special
safety features. If the battery must be re-
placed, consult a technical service for infor-
mation on electromagnetic compatibility, the
size and maintenance, performance and
safety requirements of the new battery in
your vehicle before you purchase one. SEAT
recommends you have the battery replaced
by a technical service.
Use only maintenance-free genuine batteries
conforming to TL 825 06 and VW 7 50 73
Standards. These standards must be dated
April 2008 or later.
Start-Stop systems ( ››› page 207) are equip-
ped with a special battery. Therefore, it must
only be replaced with a battery of the same
specifications.
Disconnecting the vehicle's battery
If you must disconnect the battery from the
electrical system, please note the following:
● Switch off the ignition and all electrical
equipment. ●
The vehic le must be unlocked before dis-
connecting the battery, otherwise the alarm
will be triggered.
● First disconnect the negative cable and
then the positiv
e ››› .
C onnectin
g the
vehicle's battery
● Before reconnecting the battery, switch off
the engine and all
electrical devices.
● First reconnect the positive cable and then
the negativ
e ››› .
Diff er
ent
control lamps may light up after
connecting the battery and switching the ig-
nition on. They will be turned off after a short
trip at a speed of between 15-20 km/h
(10-12 mph). If the warning indicators remain
lit, please visit a specialised workshop to
have the vehicle checked.
If the battery has been disconnected for a
long time, it is possible that the next service
date is not displayed or calculated correctly
››› page 100. Respect the maximum service
intervals permitted ››› Booklet Maintenance
Programme.
Vehicles with Keyless Access (››› page 115):
if, after connecting the battery, the ignition
cannot be switched on, lock and unlock the
vehicle from outside. Then try to switch on
the ignition again. If the ignition does not
work, seek professional assistance. Automatically disconnecting devices
The intellig
ent vehicle electrical system auto-
matically implements a range of measures to
prevent the battery from discharging when
high demands are made on it:
● the idling speed is increased so that the al-
ternat
or provides more electricity.
● where necessary, the power of the most
power
ful devices is reduced or even com-
pletely disconnected.
● On starting the engine, the power supply
from the 12-v
olt power sockets and the ciga-
rette lighter may be interrupted for a short
time.
The on-board management program cannot
always prevent the battery from running flat.
For example, if the ignition is left on for a
long period with the engine off or if the side
lights or parking lights are left on while the
vehicle is stationary.
Why does the battery run flat?
● When stationary for a long time without
star
ting the engine, particularly if the ignition
is switched on.
● Use of electrical devices with the engine
switc
hed off.
● If the auxiliary heater is running
›››
page 177. »
283
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Index
Index
A
Abr o
a
d
extended stay abroad with your vehicle . . . . . 260
sale of vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
ABS see Anti-lock brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Acoustic alarm control and warning lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
seatbelt unfastened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Adaptive headlights dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
AdBlue control and warning lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
minimum quantity for a refill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
refilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
tank filling capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Additional heater see "Auxiliary heater" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Adjusting folding the backrest of the front passengerseat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
front seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
rear head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 142
seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
seat with position memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Adjusting the head restraint rear head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Adjusting the head restraints rear head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Adjusting the seats
front se ats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
AFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Air-conditioning malfunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Airbag covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Airbags see Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 68 activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
cleaning dash panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 71
functioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
head-protection airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
knee airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
locking the vehicle after deployment . . . . . . . 113
repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
side airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
use of child seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 73
vehicle care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 air recirculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
air vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
climatronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 173, 174
controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 174
electronic manual air conditioning . . . . . . . . . 174
indirect ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
special features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
user instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Air recirculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Air vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Alcantara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 All-wheel drive
snow c hains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
winter tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Ambient lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Anodized surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246, 260
Anti-freeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Anti-lock brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Anti-lock system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Anti-puncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 85
Anti-puncture kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 85
Anti-puncture set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Anti-theft alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 false alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Anti-theft alarm system anti-tow system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
vehicle interior monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Anti-theft security system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Anti-tow system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Anti-trap function panoramic sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
sun blind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Antifreeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 276
Armrests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Ashtray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
ASR see Brake assist systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
see Braking assist systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
switching on and off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
see also Traction control system . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Assistance call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Assistance systems electronic differential lock system (EDS) . . . . 204
electronic drive torque management (XDS) . . 204
launch-Control programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
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