2017 GMC ACADIA LIMITED warning light

GMC Acadia Limited Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S.-10283134) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
258 Vehicle Care
load range, speed rating, and
construction (radial) as the
original tires.
Vehicles that have a tire
pressure monitoring system
could give an inaccurate
low-pressure warning if non-TPC
Spec rated tires are installed.
SeeTire Pressure Monitor
System 0250.
The Tire and Loading
Information label indicates the
original equipment tires on the
vehicle. See Vehicle Load
Limits 0167.
Different Size Tires and
Wheels
If wheels or tires are installed that
are a different size than the original
equipment wheels and tires, vehicle
performance, including its braking,
ride and handling characteristics,
stability, and resistance to rollover
may be affected. If the vehicle has
electronic systems such as antilock
brakes, rollover airbags, roll bars, traction control, electronic stability
control, or All-Wheel Drive, the
performance of these systems can
also be affected.
{Warning
If different sized wheels are used,
there may not be an acceptable
level of performance and safety if
tires not recommended for those
wheels are selected. This
increases the chance of a crash
and serious injury. Only use GM
specific wheel and tire systems
developed for the vehicle, and
have them properly installed by a
GM certified technician.
See Buying New Tires 0256 and
Accessories and
Modifications 0209.
Uniform Tire Quality
Grading
The following information relates
to the system developed by the
United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA), which grades tires by
treadwear, traction, and
temperature performance. This
applies only to vehicles sold in
the United States. The grades
are molded on the sidewalls of
most passenger car tires. The
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
(UTQG) system does not apply
to deep tread, winter tires,
compact spare tires, tires with
nominal rim diameters of
10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm),
or to some limited-production
tires.
While the tires available on
General Motors passenger cars
and light trucks may vary with
respect to these grades, they
must also conform to federal
safety requirements and
additional General Motors Tire
Performance Criteria (TPC)
standards.

GMC Acadia Limited Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S.-10283134) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
260 Vehicle Care
Wheel Alignment and Tire
Balance
The tires and wheels were aligned
and balanced at the factory to
provide the longest tire life and best
overall performance. Adjustments to
wheel alignment and tire balancing
are not necessary on a regular
basis. Consider an alignment check
if there is unusual tire wear or the
vehicle is significantly pulling to one
side or the other. Some slight pull to
the left or right, depending on the
crown of the road and/or other road
surface variations such as troughs
or ruts, is normal. If the vehicle is
vibrating when driving on a smooth
road, the tires and wheels may need
to be rebalanced. See your dealer
for proper diagnosis.
Wheel Replacement
Replace any wheel that is bent,
cracked, or badly rusted or
corroded. If wheel nuts keep coming
loose, the wheel, wheel bolts, and
wheel nuts should be replaced.
If the wheel leaks air, replace it.Some aluminum wheels can be
repaired. See your dealer if any of
these conditions exist.
Your dealer will know the kind of
wheel that is needed.
Each new wheel should have the
same load-carrying capacity,
diameter, width, offset, and be
mounted the same way as the one it
replaces.
Replace wheels, wheel bolts, wheel
nuts, or Tire Pressure Monitor
System (TPMS) sensors with new
GM original equipment parts.
{Warning
Using the wrong replacement
wheels, wheel bolts, or wheel
nuts can be dangerous. It could
affect the braking and handling of
the vehicle. Tires can lose air,
and cause loss of control, causing
a crash. Always use the correct
wheel, wheel bolts, and wheel
nuts for replacement.
Caution
The wrong wheel can also cause
problems with bearing life, brake
cooling, speedometer or
odometer calibration, headlamp
aim, bumper height, vehicle
ground clearance, and tire or tire
chain clearance to the body and
chassis.
Used Replacement Wheels
{Warning
Replacing a wheel with a used
one is dangerous. How it has
been used or how far it has been
driven may be unknown. It could
fail suddenly and cause a crash.
When replacing wheels, use a
new GM original equipment
wheel.

GMC Acadia Limited Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S.-10283134) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
272 Vehicle Care
Caution
Ignoring these steps could result
in costly damage to the vehicle
that would not be covered by the
vehicle warranty. Trying to start
the vehicle by pushing or pulling it
will not work, and it could damage
the vehicle.
1. Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery
with a negative ground system.
Caution
If the other vehicle does not have
a 12-volt system with a negative
ground, both vehicles can be
damaged. Only use a vehicle that
has a 12-volt system with a
negative ground for jump starting.
2. Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can
reach, but be sure the vehicles
are not touching each other.
If they are, it could cause a ground connection you do not
want. You would not be able to
start your vehicle, and the bad
grounding could damage the
electrical systems.
To avoid the possibility of the
vehicles rolling, set the parking
brake firmly on both vehicles
involved in the jump start
procedure. Put an automatic
transmission in P (Park) or a
manual transmission in Neutral
before setting the parking
brake. If one of the vehicles is
a four-wheel-drive vehicle, be
sure the transfer case is not in
Neutral.
Caution
If any accessories are left on or
plugged in during the jump
starting procedure, they could be
damaged. The repairs would not
be covered by the vehicle
warranty. Whenever possible, turn
off or unplug all accessories on
either vehicle when jump starting.
3. Turn off the ignition on both
vehicles. Unplug unnecessary
accessories plugged into the
cigarette lighter or the
accessory power outlets. Turn
off the radio and all lamps that
are not needed. This will avoid
sparks and help save both
batteries. And it could save the
radio!
4. Open the hoods and locate the positive (+) and negative (−)
terminal locations on the other
vehicle. Your vehicle has a
remote positive (+) and a
remote negative (−) jump
starting terminal. See Engine
Compartment Overview 0212
for the terminal locations.{Warning
Using a match near a battery can
cause battery gas to explode.
People have been hurt doing this,
and some have been blinded.
Use a flashlight if you need more
light.
(Continued)

GMC Acadia Limited Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S.-10283134) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
328 Index
IndexA
Accessories andModifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . 207
Additional Information OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Additional Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Adjustments
Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . . . 217
Air Filter, Passenger Compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Airbag System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
How Does an AirbagRestrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Passenger Sensing System . . . . 68
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
What Will You See after an Airbag Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . . . 63 Airbags
Adding Equipment to the
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Passenger Status Indicator . . . 108
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Alarm Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Alert
Side Blind Zone (SBZA) . . . . . . 193
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . 182, 228
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . 182 Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Appearance Care Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Armrest Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Automatic Dimming Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . 216

GMC Acadia Limited Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S.-10283134) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
Index 329
Automatic TransmissionManual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Shift Lock Control Function
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
B
BatteryLoad Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Voltage and ChargingMessages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Battery - North America . . . . 227, 271
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . . . 229
Brake
System Warning Light . . . . . . . . . 111
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . 171
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
High Intensity Discharge(HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Bulb Replacement (cont'd)
License Plate Lamps . . . . . . . . . 231
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
C
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
California Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
California Proposition
65 Warning . . . . . . . . . .209, 227, 271
Camera
Rear Vision (RVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . 2
Capacities and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Carbon Monoxide
Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Liftgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Cargo Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Management System . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Tie-Downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Caution, Danger, and Warning . . . . 2
Center Console Storage . . . . . . . . . 93
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . 109
Check
Ignition Transmission Lock . . . 229
Malfunction IndicatorEngine Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Child Restraints Infants and Young Children . . . . . 75
Lower Anchors and Tethers
for Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 89
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Cleaning Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Climate Control Systems Dual Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156, 157
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Cluster, Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Collision Damage Repair . . . . . . . 311
Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Compartments Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Connections OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

GMC Acadia Limited Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S.-10283134) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
330 Index
ControlTraction and Electronic
Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Convenience Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Convex Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Coolant Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Engine Temperature Gauge . . 106
Engine TemperatureWarning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Engine Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Courtesy Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Courtesy Transportation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Cover Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Cupholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Customer Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Text Telephone (TTY)
Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Customer Information
Service Publications
Ordering Information . . . . . . . . 313
Customer Satisfaction Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
D
Damage Repair, Collision . . . . . . . 311
Danger, Warning, and Caution . . . . 2
Data CollectionInfotainment System . . . . . . . . . . 317
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Data Recorders, Event . . . . . . . . . 316
Daytime Running Lamps/ Automatic Headlamp
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Delayed Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . 148
Delayed Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Delayed Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Diagnostics
OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Distracted Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Dome Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Door Ajar Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Door (cont'd)
Power Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Drive Belt Routing, Engine . . . . . . 303
Drive Systems All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . 182, 228
Driver Information Center (DIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Driving Characteristics and
Towing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Defensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Drunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
For Better Fuel Economy . . . . . . . 22
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . 165
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . . 167
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Dual Automatic Climate Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
E
Electrical Equipment,Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Electrical System Engine Compartment Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

GMC Acadia Limited Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S.-10283134) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
Index 331
Electrical System (cont'd)Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . 233
Instrument Panel Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Emergency OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Check and Service Engine
Soon Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . 212
Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Coolant Temperature Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Cooling System Messages . . . 125
Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Oil Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Oil Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Overheated Protection Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Engine (cont'd)
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . 178
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Event Data Recorders . . . . . . . . . . 316
Extender, Safety Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . 143
F
Features Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Filter, Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . 144
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Fluid Automatic Transmission . . . . . . 216
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Forward Collision Alert
(FCA) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Frequency Statement Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Front Fog Lamp Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Front Seats
Heated and Cooled . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Economy Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Filling a Portable FuelContainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Requirements, California . . . . . 197
System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Fuses Engine Compartment FuseBlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . 233
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

GMC Acadia Limited Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S.-10283134) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
332 Index
G
Garage Door Opener . . . . . . . . . . . 139Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Gauges Engine Coolant
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Warning Lights and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
General Information
Service and Maintenance . . . . . 288
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
GM Mobility Reimbursement Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
H
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . 144
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Head-up Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
HeadlampsAiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Headlamps (cont'd)
Daytime Running Lamps/
Automatic Headlamp
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Delayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . .115
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . 143
Heated and Cooled Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Heater Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
High Voltage Devices and Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . 165
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . . 184
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
How to Wear Safety Belts
Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
I
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Ignition Transmission LockCheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Indicator
Vehicle Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Infants and Young Children, Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Infotainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Instrument Panel Storage Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Interior Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . 38
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
J
Jump Starting - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
K
Key and Lock Messages . . . . . . . . 127
Keyless EntryRemote (RKE) System . . . . . . . . . 25
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23