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332 Vehicle Care
Towing the Vehicle
Consult your dealer or a
professional towing service if the
disabled vehicle must be towed.
Proper equipment must be used to
prevent damage to vehicles during
any towing. State and local laws
which apply to vehicles in tow must
be followed. Vehicles should not be
towed at speeds in excess of
88 km/h (55 mph).
Connect to the main structural parts
of the vehicle. Do not attach to
bumpers, tow hooks or brackets.
Use only equipment designed for
this purpose. Follow the instructions
of the wrecker manufacturer.
A safety chain system must
be used.
The procedures below must be
followed when towing to prevent
possible damage.Front End Towing (Front Wheels
Off Ground)
To prepare a disabled vehicle for
front end towing with front wheels
raised off theground, the following
steps are necessary:
.
Block the rear wheels of the
disabled vehicle.
. For gasoline vehicles, move the
selector lever into "N" position,
vehicles can be towed at speeds
below 48 km/h (30 mph) and up
to distances less than
80 km (50 mi).
. Disconnect the driveshaft at the
rear axle. Secure the driveshaft
to the frame or crossmember.
When towing, disconnect the
driveshaft at the rear axle to ensure
the transmission is not damaged.
The rear end of the driveshaft must
be disconnected and safely secured
if the 80 km (50 mi) or 48 km/h
(30 mph) is exceeded. If there is damage or suspected
damage to the rear axle, remove the
axle shafts. Cover the hub openings
to prevent the loss of lubricant or
entry of dirt or foreign objects.
Place a 10 cm (4 in) wood beam
against the towing guide behind the
bumper. (If no 10 cm (4 in) is
available, then remove the bumper.)
Ensure towing chains do not come
into contact with the horns or the
bumper. (If towing chains contact
the bumper, then remove the
bumper.)
1. Horns
2. Bumper
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Vehicle Care 339
Cooling efficiency is compromised
when there is dirt or dust plugging
air passages in the radiator core
and charge air cooler core (diesel).
This can also cause corrosion of
these cores. Wash the radiator core
with tap water every 24 months.
Make sure to turn the engine off and
remove the key from the engine
control switch before cleaning
cores.
The engine, exhaust pipe, and
radiator will be hot immediately after
the vehicle is driven. Be careful
around these parts to prevent burns.
Clean the engine when it is cold.
Do not clean the radiator, charge air
cooler (diesel) and their surrounding
areas using water that is supplied
under high pressure. Doing so may
cause damage.
When cleaning the radiator core (1)
and charge air cooler core (2) , do
not crush or damage the fins (3).
The fins are very fragile so be
careful not to bend them out of
shape. If they become deformed,
their cooling efficiency will be
impaired. Before cleaning, take
steps to ensure that no water will
splash onto the surrounding
electrical components and wires.
If stubborn dirt still remains even
after the radiator core and charge
air cooler core (diesel) have been
cleaned, have the vehicle inspected
and serviced.
Corrosion Protection
Your vehicle has been designed and
built to resist corrosion. Special
materials and protective finishes
were used on most parts of your
vehicle when it was built to help
maintain good appearance,
strength, and reliable operation.
However, some parts which
normally are not visible (such as
those under the vehicle and under
the hood) are such that surface rust
will not affect their reliability. So
corrosion protection is not needed
or used on these parts.
Sheet Metal Damage
If your vehicle is damaged and
requires sheet metal repair or
replacement, make sure the body
repair shop applies anti-corrosion
material to the parts repaired or
replaced so that corrosion protection
is restored. (Also see "Finish
Damage" which follows.)
Foreign Material Deposits
Calcium chloride and other salts,
ice-melting agents, road oil and tar,
tree sap, bird droppings, chemicals
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340 Vehicle Care
from industrial chimneys and other
foreign matter may damage vehicle
finishes if left on painted surfaces.
Prompt washing may not completely
remove all of these deposits. Other
cleaners may be needed. When
using chemical cleaners, be sure
they are safe for use on painted
surfaces.
Finish Damage
Any stone chips, fractures or deep
scratches in the finish should be
repaired promptly. Bare metal will
corrode quickly and may develop
into major repair expense. Minor
chips and scratches can be repaired
with touch up materials available
from your authorized dealer or other
service outlets. Larger areas of
finish damage can be corrected in
your dealer's body and paint shop.
Underbody Maintenance
Corrosive materials used for ice and
snow removal, and dust control can
collect on the underbody. If these
materials are not removed,
accelerated corrosion (rust) can
occur on underbody parts such asfuel lines, frames, floor pan and
exhaust system even though they
have been provided with corrosion
protection.
At least every spring, flush these
materials from the underbody with
plain water. Take care to clean well
any areas where mud and other
debris can collect. Sediment packed
in closed areas of the frame should
be loosened before being flushed.
If desired, your authorized dealer
can do this for you.
Interior Care
General
Remove dust and dirt from the
interior of the cab using an
automotive cleaner or vacuum
cleaner, and gently wipe surfaces
clean using a cloth wet with warm or
cold water.
{Warning
Water should never be sprayed
directly into the interior of the cab
when cleaning. Failure to observe
this precaution can lead to vehicle
malfunction and possibly to fire if
water should enter the audio
system or other electrical
components located underneath
the floor carpet.
Petroleum ether, gasoline and
other organic solvents should not
be used to clean safety belts. In
addition, safety belt webbing
should be neither bleached nor
redyed. Failure to observe these
precautions can lead to the
performance or strength of the
safety belts being impaired. In the
case of a collision, therefore, the
safety belts could be insufficiently
effective, and serious
life-threatening injuries could
result. When cleaning, use warm
water in which a small amount of
(Continued)
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Service and Maintenance 345
Service and
Maintenance
Maintenance Schedule
Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . 345
Owner Checks and Services
Owner Checks andServices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Additional Maintenance
and Care
Additional Maintenanceand Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Recommended Fluids,
Lubricants, and Parts
Recommended Fluids andLubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Maintenance Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Maintenance
Schedule
Make sure the vehicle is inspected
at regular intervals. Inspections and
maintenance enable you to use the
vehicle with peace of mind. They
also extend the vehicle's
service life.
For safe and economical driving, we
recommend that you have your
vehicle inspected and serviced
regularly according to the schedule
indicated in this chapter.
To drive your vehicle safely and at
minimum cost, it is essential to have
your vehicle regularly inspected and
serviced at your dealer as per the
specified maintenance schedule.
Contact your dealer for inspection
that requires disassembly and/or
special equipment.
The Maintenance Schedule in this
manual and a Warranty Information
Booklet are supplied with your
vehicle. Read all publications for a
full understanding of your vehicle's
maintenance needs. The quality of maintenance your
new vehicle receives is as important
as the regularity with which it is
serviced. Authorized dealers provide
nationwide quality in customer
service. The program includes the
training of dealer technicians
throughout the country and is
supported with a continuous
follow-up of publications and other
service information. The use of
genuine parts and accessories,
which have the same high quality
standards as original equipment
parts, and the use of factory
approved tools developed and
tested for use by the authorized
dealer also contribute to the high
quality of service.
If you have any questions on how to
keep your truck or chassis in good
condition, see your authorized
dealer, the place many truck owners
choose to have their maintenance
work done. Your authorized dealer
can be relied upon to use proper
parts and practices.
Some of these services can be
complex, so unless you are
technically qualified and have the
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346 Service and Maintenance
necessary equipment, you should
let your authorized dealer's service
department or another qualified
service center do these jobs.
The schedule includes general
maintenance which you or a
qualified technician should perform
periodically.
Explanation of Vehicle
Maintenance and Log
The following is a brief explanation
of normal vehicle use.
NORMAL VEHICLE USE—The
maintenance instructions contained
in this section are based on the
assumption that your vehicle will be
used as designed:
.To carry passengers and cargo
with the limitations indicated on
the vehicle VIN and GVW plate.
. On reasonable road surfaces
within legal operating limits.
. On a daily basis, as a general
rule, for at least several miles/
kilometers. Unusual operating conditions, such
as driving in dusty areas (sweeper,
agricultural or off-road vehicles),
extended idling (refrigeration
vehicles), or vehicles operated for
frequent short trips, will require
more frequent vehicle maintenance.
The log groups items according to
mile/kilometer service intervals. Use
the item codes (letter and number)
to find the description of the
maintenance and the time intervals.
Follow whichever interval comes
first, time or miles/kilometers.
After the maintenance services are
performed, insert the month, day
and mileage/ kilometers in the area
provided next to the serviced item.
The services shown up to
176 000 km (110,000 miles) are to
be repeated after the initial
176 000 km (110,000 miles) at the
same intervals.
Severe Driving Conditions
A vehicle operated under severe
conditions (see list below) requires
more frequent maintenance. .
Frequent short trips of less than
6 kilometers (4 miles) in
moderate temperatures
. Frequent short trips of less than
16 kilometers (10 miles) in sub-
freezing temperatures
. Frequent and extended low-
speed engine operation (door-
to- door deliveries, stop- and- go
traffic, etc.)
. Driving on unpaved roads with
heavy dust
. Towing a trailer
Preventive Maintenance
As any mechanical device operates,
a certain amount of wear occurs.
The amount of wear depends on
certain variables –type and method
of operation and the schedule of
maintenance. These variables may
be emphasized as critical to
malfunction but each is dependent
upon the other. For example, if a
vehicle is repeatedly overloaded,
driven at excessive speed or
improperly shifted, no schedule of
maintenance can prevent
malfunction. Also, if a preventive
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Service and Maintenance 347
maintenance schedule is not
followed, or is improperly carried
out, no amount of correct vehicle
operation will prevent malfunction.
If vehicle application, operation and
preventive maintenance schedules
and procedures are followed and
properly carried out, the life of the
vehicle will be greatly extended.
For example, regular attention to the
engine oil is essential. The oil level
must be periodically checked and oil
added whenever needed. Also, the
oil should be changed at the
intervals specified with the proper
quality and viscosity of oil. If your
engine should run excessively low
on oil or if the oil has lost its
lubricating qualities because of old
age, serious engine damage could
occur.
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348 Service and Maintenance
Maintenance Schedule Table (Gasoline Vehicles)
Letters Used to Indicate Maintenance Service Types
I :Inspect then clean, repair or replace as necessary
R : Replace
T : Tighten to the specified torque
L : Lubricate
No. Service Interval
12 000 km/7,500 mi
24 000 km/15,000 mi
36 000 km/22,500 mi
48 000 km/30,000 mi
60 000 km/37,500 mi
72 000 km/45,000 mi
84 000 km/52,500 mi
96 000 km/60,000 mi
108 000 km/67,500 mi
120 000 km/75,000 mi
132 000 km/82,500 mi
144 000 km/90,000 mi
156 000 km/97,500 mi
168 000 km/105,000 mi
180 000 km/112,500 mi
192 000 km/120,000 mi
Service
intervals
months or
kilometers
(miles)
whichever
occurs
first (1)
1 Engine oil (2) (4) See Explanation of Complete Vehicle Maintenance Schedule or every 12 months
2 Engine oil filter (2) (4) See Explanation of Complete Vehicle Maintenance Schedule or every 12 months
3 Cooling System Service - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I or every 24 months
4 Engine Coolant (2) Every 80 000 km (50,000 mi): R
5 Air Cleaner Filter (2) Every 48 000 km (30,000 mi): R
6 PCV System (2) - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - -
7 Spark Plugs (2) Every 160 000 km (100,000 mi): R
8 Spark Plug Wires (2) Every 160,000 km (100,000 mi): R
9 Fuel Tank, Cap, and Lines (2) (6) - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - -
10 Engine Accessory Drive Belt(s) (2) Every 60 000 km (37,500 mi): I
Every 160 000 km (100,000 mi): R
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Service and Maintenance 349
No. Service Interval
12 000 km/7,500 mi
24 000 km/15,000 mi
36 000 km/22,500 mi
48 000 km/30,000 mi
60 000 km/37,500 mi
72 000 km/45,000 mi
84 000 km/52,500 mi
96 000 km/60,000 mi
108 000 km/67,500 mi
120 000 km/75,000 mi
132 000 km/82,500 mi
144 000 km/90,000 mi
156 000 km/97,500 mi
168 000 km/105,000 mi
180 000 km/112,500 mi
192 000 km/120,000 mi
Service
intervals
months or
kilometers
(miles)
whichever
occurs
first (1)
11 Evaporative Control System (2) (6) - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - -
12 Shields and Underhood Insulation (5) - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I
13 Air Intake System (5) - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I
14 Thermostatically Controlled Engine
Cooling Fan (5) - I - I - I - I - I - I - I - I or every 12 months
15 Automatic Transmission Fluid I I I I I I R I I I I I I R I I
16 Rotate Tires Every 12 000 km (7,500 mi)
17 Brake Lining and Pad for Wear I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
18 Brake drum and rotor for wear and
damage
- - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I or every 12 months
19 Brake Electric Vacuum Pump (4500
Series)
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I or every 12 months
20 Brake Fluid I I I R I I I R I I I R I I I R or every 24 months
21 Brake Line and Hoses - - - I - - - I - - - I - - - I or every 12 months
22 Hydraulic Unit Every 10 Years: R
23 Differential Gear Oil I I I R I I I R I I I R I I I R or every 24 months
24 Power Steering Fluid - - - - R - - - - R - - - - R - or every 24 months
25 Steering Wheel Free Play (3) Every 10 400 km (6,500 mi): I
26 Steering Gear Box Torque - - - T - - - T - - - T - - - T or every 12 months