
Safe ty belts
during hard braking and in an accident. The be lt
may a lso lock when you drive up or down a steep
h ill or through a sharp curve. Dur ing normal driv
ing the belt lets you move freely .
Safety b elt pr ete nsione rs
The safety be lts are equ ipped with a belt preten
sioner that helps to tighten the safety belt and
remove slack when the pretensioner is activated
¢
page 224. The function of the pretensioner is
monitored by a warning light ¢
page 23.
Convertibl e loc king retra ctor
Every safety be lt except the one on the driver
seat is equipped with a convertible locking retrac
tor that
must be used when the safety belt is
used to attach a child seat. Be sure to read the
important information about this feature
¢page 258.
A WARNING
Improperly pos it ioned safety belts can cause
ser ious injury in an accident¢
page 222,
Safety belt position.
- Safety belts offer optimum protection only
when the seatback is upright and belts are
prope rly positioned on the body.
- Never attach the safety belt to the buckle
for another seat. Attaching the belt to the
wrong b uck le wi ll red uce safety belt effec
t iveness and can cause serious persona l in
jury.
- A passenger who is not p roper ly restrained
can be serio usly injured by the safety be lt it
self when it moves from the stronger parts
of the body into cr it ical areas like the abdo
men.
- Always lock the convertible lock ing retractor
when you are secur ing a child seat in the ve
hicle ¢
page 260.
@ Tips
For information on safety belt pretensioners,
refer to
¢ page 224.
222
Safety belt position
Correct belt position is the key to getting maxi
mum protection from safety belts.
Fig. 2 27 Safety belt posit ion
Use the height adjus tment to change the posit io n
of the shoulder belt of the front safety belts.
A WARNING
Improperly positioned sa fety belts can cause
serious personal injury in an accident.
- The shou lder belt should lie as close to the
center of the collar bone as possib le and
should fit well on the body. Hold the belt
above the latch tongue and pull it evenly
across the chest so that it s its as low as pos
sible on the pe lvis and there is no p ressure
on the abdome n. T he belt sho uld a lways fit
snug ly¢
fig. 22 7. P u ll on the bel t to tigh ten
if necess ary.
- A loose-fit ting safety belt can ca use serious
in ju ries by s hifting its posi tion on yo ur body
from the strong bones to mo re v ulnera ble,
so ft tissue and cause serious in jury.
- Always read and heed all WARNINGS an d
o ther impor tan t in formation¢
page 220 .

Safety belt s
A WARNING
Always read and heed all WARNINGS and oth
er important informat ion
c:> page 220 .
(D Tips
You can also adjust the height of the front
seats to change the position of the safety
belts.
Improperly worn safety belts
Incorrectly posit ioned safety belts can cause se
vere injuries.
Wearing safety belts imprope rly can cause seri
ous injury or death. Safety belts can on ly work
when they a re correctly positioned on the body.
Improper seating positions reduce the effect ive
ness of safety belts and wi ll even increase the
ris k of injury and deat h by mov ing the safety bel t
to cr it ica l areas of the body . Imp roper seating
posi tions a lso increase the risk of serio us in jury
an d deat h when an air bag deploys and strikes an
oc cupan t who is no t in the co rrect seating pos i
tion. A d river is responsib le for the safety of a ll
ve hicle occupants and especia lly for children.
Therefo re:
... Neve r permit anyone to ass ume an in co rrect
s itting position in the vehicle w hil e trave ling
c:> & .
A WARNING
Improperly worn safety belts increase t he risk
of se rious personal injury and deat h wheneve r
a vehicle is being used.
- Always make sure that all vehicle occupants
are correctly restra ined and stay in a correct
seat ing pos ition whenever the veh icle is be
ing used.
- Always read a nd heed all WARNINGS and
othe r important information
c:> pag e 220.
224
Belt tensioners
' How safety belt pretensioners work
In front, side and rear-end collisions above a
particular sev erity and in a rollover, safety b elts
are tensioned automatically.
Rever sible safety belt tensioners
The safety belts on the front seats a re equipped
with power revers ible tensione rs. The following
funct ions are available whe n the drive r's/front
passenger 's safety belts are faste ned:
- Automatic tens ione rs: at the start of a drive,
the safety belts automat ically adjust to t he
passe nger after a certain time period or ve hicle
speed. To switch t he automatic tensioners off,
select the follow ing in the MMI :
!CARI fu nction
but to n
> Car systems > Vehicle setting s >
Seats > Driver's seat or Passenger's seat > Au
tomatic belt tensioner
> Off .
-In ce rta in dr iving situ ations , the safe ty belts
may tighten w ith a reve rsib le tensioning func
t ion
c:> page 216 .
- Th e safety be lts may also tighten with this re -
vers ible te nsion ing f un ct ion in m ino r collisions.
Pyrotechnic safety belt pretensioners
The safety belts are eq uipped w ith safety bel t
p retens ione rs . The system is activa ted by sensors
i n front, side a nd rear-e nd coll is ions of grea t se
verity and in a ro llover. This tig htens the bel t and
t ak es up belt sla ck
c:> .&. in Service an d disposal of
safety belt pretensioner on page 225.
Taking up
the slack he lps to reduce forward occupant
movement during a collision.
A WARNING
- It is poss ible for the pretensioners to dep loy
incor rect ly.
- The pyrotechnic system can only p rovide
protection for one collision. If t he py rotech
nic pretens io ners deploy, the pretensioning
sys tem must be replaced .
(1) Tips
The pyrotechnic sa fety belt pretensioners can
on ly dep loy once . ..,_

Airbag syste m
Airbag system
Important information
Importance of wearing safety belts and
sitting properly
Airbags are only supplemental restraints . For
airbags to do their job, occupants must always
properly wear their safety belts and be in a prop
er seating position.
For your safety and the safety of your passen
ge rs , before driving off, always :
"' Adjust the driver's seat and steering wheel
properly ¢
page 208,
"'Adjust the front passenge r's seat properly
¢ page 54,
"'Wear safety belts p roperly ¢ page 220,
"' Always properly use the proper child restraint
to protect children ¢
page 248.
In a coll is io n, airbags mus t inflate within the
blink of an eye and wi th considerab le force . The
supp lemental airbags can cause injuries if the
driv er or th e front s eat passeng er is not s eated
properly. Therefore in order to he lp the airbag to
do its job, it is important, both as a dr iver and as
a passenger to sit properly at all t imes.
By keeping room between your body and the
steering whee l and the front of the passenger
compartment, the a irbag can inflate fully and
completely and provide supplemental protect ion
in certain frontal collisions¢
page 208, Correct
passenger seating positions .
For details on the
operation of the seat adjustment con trols
¢ page 54.
It's especially important that children are proper
ly restra ined
¢ page 248 .
There is a lot that the driver and the passengers
can and must do to help the ind iv idual safety fea
tures installed in your Audi work together as a
system .
Proper seating posit ion is important so that the
front airbag on the drive r side can do its job. If
you have a physical impairment or cond ition that
prevents you from s itting properly on the driver
seat with the safety be lt properly fastened and
226
reaching the peda ls, or if yo u have concerns w ith
regard to the function or operation of the Ad
vanced Airbag System, please contact your a u
thori zed Audi dea ler or qua lified workshop, or
ca ll Audi Customer Relations at 1-800-822-2834
for poss ib le modifications to your vehicle .
When the airbag system dep loys, a gas generator
will fill the airbags, break open the padded cov ers, and infla te between the steering wheel and
the driver and between the instrument panel and
t h e front passenger . The airbags w il l deflate im
med iate ly after deployment so that the front oc
cupants can see t hrou gh the windsh ie ld again
without i nterruption.
All of th is takes p lace in the b link of an eye, so
fast that many people don't even rea lize that the
a irbags have deployed. The airbags a lso infla te
with a g re at deal of force and nothing should be
i n the ir way when they deploy. Front airbags in
combination with properly worn safety belts slow
down and limit the occupant 's forward move
ment . Together they he lp to prevent the driver
and front seat passenger from hitting pa rts of
the ins ide of the vehicle while reduc ing the fo rces
acting on the occupant dur ing the cras h. In th is
way they help to reduce the risk of injury to the
head and uppe r body i n the crash . Airbags do not
protect the arms or the lower pa rts of the body.
Both front airbags will not inflate in all frontal
collisions . The t riggering of the a irbag system de
pends on the veh icle decelerat ion rate caused by
t h e coll is io n and regis tered by the ele ctroni c con
tro l unit . If this ra te is be low the refe rence value
programmed in to the contro l unit, the airbags
will not be trigge red, even tho ugh the car may be
badly damaged as a resu lt of the co llision. Vehi
cle damage, rep air costs or even the lack of vehi
cle damage is not necessarily an indication of
whether an a irbag should inflate or not .
Since the circumstances will vary cons iderab ly
between one co llision and another, it is not possi
ble to define a range of veh icle speeds that will
cover every poss ible kind and angle of impact
that w ill always t rigger t he a irbags . Important
factors i nclude, for examp le, the nat ure (hard or
soft) of the object which the ca r hits, the angle of
i mp act , vehicle speed , etc. The front airbags will .,.

0 co .... N ,..._
N .... 0 0 :c '
ro ll-overs.
A lwa ys rememb er: Airbags will deploy only o nce,
and on ly in certain kinds of coll is ions. Your safety
be lts are always there to offer protection in those
situations in which airbags are not supposed to
deploy, or when they have a lready deployed; for
examp le, when your vehicle str ikes or is struck by
another vehicle after the first collis ion.
This is just one of the reasons why an airbag is a
supp lementary restraint and is not a substitute
for a safety belt. The airbag system works most effect ively when used with the safety belts.
Therefore, always properly wear your safety belts
r:::;,page 218.
A WARNING
Sitting too close to the steer ing whee l or in
st rument panel will decrease the effect ive
ness of the airbags and will inc rease the risk
o f persona l injury in a co llision.
- Never sit closer than 10 inches (25 cm) to
the steering wheel or instrument panel.
- If you cannot sit mo re than 10 inches
( 2 5 cm) from the steering wheel, inves ti
gate whethe r adaptive equipment may be
available to help you reach the pedals and
increase your seating distance from the
steering wheel.
- If you are unrest rained, leaning forward, s it
ting s ideways or out of position in any way,
your risk of in jury is much h igher.
- Yo u will also receive serious injur ies and
cou ld even be killed if you are up against the
airbag or too close to it when it inf lates -
even with an Advanced Airbag.
- To reduce the risk of in jury when an airbag
inflates, a lways wear safety belts p roperly
i=> page 221, Safety belts .
-Always make certain that ch ildren age 12 or
younger always ride in the rear seat. If chil dren are not properly restra ined, they may
be severe ly injured o r kill ed when an airbag
inflates .
- Never let children ride unrestrained or im prope rly restrained in the veh icle. Adjust the
fro nt sea ts properly.
-
Airb ag sys tem
-Never ride with the back rest recl ined.
-Always sit as fa r as possible from the steer-
ing wheel o r the instrument panel
r:::;,page208.
- Always sit upright with your back against
the backrest of your seat.
- Never p lace your feet on the instrument
panel or on the seat. Always keep both feet
on the floor in front of the seat to help pre
vent ser ious injuries to the legs and hips if
the airbag inflates.
- Never recline the front passenger's seat to transpo rt objects. Items can also move into
the area of the s ide a irbag or the front air
bag during braking or in a sudden maneu
ver. Objects nea r the airbags can become
p roje ct il es and cause injury when an airbag
inflates.
A WARNING
A irbags tha t h ave deployed in a cr ash m ust be
r e p laced.
- Use o nly orig inal equipment airbags ap
p roved by A udi a nd insta lled by a trained
technici an who has the necessary tools and
diagnostic equipment to properly replace
any airbag in yo ur vehicle and assu re system
effect iveness in a crash.
- Never permit salvaged or recycled airbags to
be installed in you r vehicle .
Child restraints on the front seat - some
important things to know
.,. Be sure to read the important i nformat ion and
heed the WARNINGS for important deta ils
about ch ildren and Advanced A irbags
r:::;, page248 .
Even though your veh icle is equipped wit h an Ad
vanced Airbag System, make certa in that a ll chil
dre n, espec ia lly those 1 2 yea rs and yo unger, al
ways r ide in the back se at prope rly res train ed fo r
their age and size. The ai rbag on t he p asse nger
s ide makes t he fron t seat a potentia lly dange rous
place for a child to ride. The front seat is not the
sa fest p lace for a child in a forward-facing child .,.
227

Airbag syste m
seat. It can be a very dangerous place fo r an
infant or a child in a rearward -facing seat.
The Advanced Airbag System i n your veh icle has
been ce rt ified to comp ly with the requirements
of United States Federa l Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard ( FMVSS)
208, as well as Canada Motor
Veh icle Safety Standard (CMVSS)
208 as applica
b le at the time your vehicle was manufactured.
According to requirements, the front Advanced
Airbag System on the passenger s ide has been
certified for "suppression " for infants of about
12 month old and younger and for "low risk de
p loyment " for children aged
3 to 6 years o ld (as
defined in the standard).
The
PA SSENGER AIR BAG OFF light in the instru
ment panel tells you when the front Advanced
Ai rbag on the passenger side has been tu rned off
by the ele ct roni c con trol unit.
Each t ime you sw itch on the ign it ion, the
PAS
SENGER AIR BAG OFF
li ght will come on fo r a
few seconds and:
- will stay on if the front passenger seat is not
occupied,
- will stay on if there is a small c hild or child re
straint on the front passenger seat,
- will go off if the front passenger seat is occu
pied by an adult as reg istered by the weight
sensing mat¢
page 236, Monitoring the Ad
vanced Airbag System .
The PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light comes on
when the control unit detects a tota l we ight on
the front passenger seat that requires the front
a ir bag to be turned off.
If the tota l weight on the front passenger seat is
more than that of a typical 1 year -old child but
less than the we ight of a small adult, the front
a ir bag on the passenger side can deploy (the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF ligh t does not come
on) .
If the PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light does
not come on, the front a irbag on the passenger
side has not been turned
off by the electronic
control unit and can deploy if the control unit
senses an impact that meets the condit ions stor
ed in its memory.
For e xample, the airbag may deploy if:
228
- a small ch ild that is heav ier than a typica l 1
year-o ld child is on the front passenger seat
(regard less of whether the child is in one of the
child seats listed
¢ page 250), or
- a child who has outgrown c hild restraints is on
the front passenger seat.
If the front passenger a irbag is t urned
off, the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light comes on in the
i nstrument cluster and stays on.
The fro nt airbag on the passenge r side m ay
not
deploy (the PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light does
not ill uminate and stay lit) even if a small adu lt
or teenager, or a passenger who is not sitting up
right with their back against a non-recl ined back
rest with the ir fee t on the vehicle floor in front of
the sea t is on the front passenger seat
<=> page 208 , Proper seating position for the driv
er .
If the front passenger a irbag deploys, the Feder
al Standard requires the airbag to meet the "low
risk" deployment cr iteria to reduce the r isk of in
j ury th rough interaction w ith the airbag . "low
risk" deployment occurs in th ose crashes that
take place at lowe r decele rations as defi ned in
the e lec tronic co ntro l unit ¢
page 23 7, PASSEN
GER AIR BAG O FF light.
Always remembe r, a ch ild seat or i nfant ca rr ie r
i nsta lled on the fron t seat may be s truck a nd
k nocked o ut of pos it ion by the rapid ly inflat ing
passenger 's airbag in a frontal co llision . The air
bag cou ld great ly reduce the effectiveness of the
c hi ld rest raint and even seriously injure the child
during in flat ion.
Fo r th is reason, and beca use the back seat is the
safest place for children - when proper ly restrain
ed according to their age and size -we strongly
recommend that children always sit in the back
seat
c> page 248, Child safety .
A WARNING
A child in a rearward-facing child seat instal
led on the front passenger seat will be seri
ously injured and can be killed if the front air
bag inflates - even with an Advanced Airbag
Sys tem.

0 co .... N ,..... N .... 0 0 :c '
infant carrier w ith great force and will
smash the ch ild seat and child against the
backrest, center armrest, door or roof .
- Always install rear-facing child seats on the
rear seat.
- If you must install a rearward fac ing ch ild
seat on the front passenger seat because of
exceptional c ircumstances and the
PA SSEN
GER AIR BAG OFF
light does not come on
and stay on, immediately insta ll the rear
facing child seat in a rea r seat ing position
and have the airbag system inspected by
yo ur Audi dealer.
- Forward-fac ing ch ild seats insta lled on the
front passenge r's seat may in terfere with
the deployment of the airbag and cause se
rious persona l injury to the child.
,&. WARNING
I=
If, in exceptional circumstances, you must i;-
stall a forward-facing chi ld restraint on the
front passenger's seat:
- Always ma ke sure the forward -facing seat
has been designed and certified by its man
ufact urer for use on a front seat with a pas
senger front and side a irbag.
- Never put the forward-facing child restraint
up against or very near the instrument pan
el.
-Always move the front passenger seat to
the highest position in the up and down ad
justment range and move it back to the
rearmost position in the seat's fore and aft
adjus tment range, as fa r away from the air
bag as possib le, before insta lling the for
wa rd-facing child restra int.
- Always make sure tha t the safety belt upper
anchorage is beh ind the child restrain t and
not next to or in front of the chi ld res train t
so that the safety belt will be properly pos i
tioned.
- Make sure tha t the
PASSENGER AIR BAG
OFF
light comes on and stays on all the time
whenever the ignition is switched on .
Airbag sys tem
,&. WARNING
To reduce the risk of serious injury, make sure
that the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light will
be d isplayed whenever a child restraint is in
stalled on the front passenger seat and the
i gnition is switched on .
-If the PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light does
not stay on , perform t he checks described
~ page 236, Monitoring the Advanced Air
bag System.
- Take the child restra int off t he front passen
ge r seat an d install it prope rly at one of the
rear sea t positions i f the
PASSENGER AIR
BAG OFF
light does not stay on .
- Have the air bag system inspec ted by your
Aud i dealer immediately.
- Always c are fully follow ins tructions from
child restrain t manufacture rs when instal
ling child restraints .
If, in exceptional c ircumstances, you must in
stall a forward or rearward-facing child re
stra int on the front passenger's seat:
- Imp roper installation of child restraints can
reduce their effectiveness or even prevent
them f rom providing any protect ion.
- An improperly installed child restra int can
interfere with the airbag as it deploys and
serious ly injure or even kill the chi ld -even
with an Advanced A irbag System.
- Always care fully follow the manufacturer 's
instr uctions provided with the child seat or
car rier.
- Never p lace add itiona l items on the seat
that can increase the total weight registered by the weight -sensing mat and can cause in
jury in a crash.
229

Airbag system
Front airbags
Description of front airbags
The airbag system can provide supplemental
protection to properly restrained front seat occu
pants.
Fig. 230 Location of dr iver airbag: in steering whee l
Fig. 231 Location of front passenger's airbag: in th e in
strument panel
Your veh icle is equipped with an "Advanced Air
bag System " in compliance with Un ited States
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
(FMVSS) 208, as well as Canada Motor Vehicle
Safety Standard (CMVSS) 208 as applicable at
the time your vehicle was manufactured. he safe
ty belts for the seats have "pretensioners" that help to take s lack out of the belt system. The pre
tensioners are also activated by the electronic
control unit for the airbag system.
The front safety be lts also have load limiters to
help reduce the forces applied to the body in a
crash.
The airbag for the driver is in the steering wheel
hub~
fig . 230 and the airbag for the front pas
senger is in the instrument panel~
fig. 231. The
general location of the airbags is marked "AIR
BAG".
230
There is a lot you need to know about the airbags
in your vehicle . We urge you to read the detai led
i nformation about airbags, safety belts and ch ild
safety in this and the other chapters that make
up the owner's literature. Please be sure to heed
the WARNINGS -they are extremely important
for your safety and the safety of your passengers,
especially infants and small children .
.&_ WARNING -
Never rely on airbags alone for protection.
- Even when they deploy, airbags provide only
supp lemental protection.
- Airbag work most effectively when used
with properly worn safety belts .
- Therefore, always wear your safety belts and make sure that everybody in your vehicle is
properly restrained .
.&_ WARNING
A person on the front passenger seat, espe
cially infants and small ch ildren, wi ll receive
serious injuries and can even be killed by be
ing too close to the airbag when it inf lates.
- Although the Advanced Airbag System in
-
your vehicle is designed to turn off the front
passenger airbag if an infant or a small child
is on the front passenger seat, nobody can
absolutely guarantee that deployment un
der these special conditions is impossible in
all conceivable situations that may happen
during the useful life of your vehicle.
- The Advanced Airbag System can deploy in
accordance with the "low risk" option under
the U.S. Federal Standard if a child that is
heav ier than the typical one-year old ch ild is
on the front passenger seat and the other
conditions fo r airbag deployment are met.
- Accident statistics have shown that children
are generally safer in the rear seat area than
in the front seating pos ition.
- For their own safety, all children, especially
12 years and younger, should always ride in
the back proper ly restrained for their age
and size.

0 co .... N ,..... N .... 0 0 :c '
Your vehicle is equipped with a front Advanced
Airbag System in compliance with Un ited States
F edera l Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208, as
well as Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
(CMVSS) 208 as applicable at the time your vehi
cle was manufactured .
The front Advanced Airbag System supp lements
the safety belts to provide additional protection
for the driver 's and front passenger's heads and
upper bodies in frontal crashes . The airbags in
f late only in frontal impacts when the veh icle de
cele ration is high enough.
The front Advanced Airbag System for the front
seat occupants is not a substitute for your safety be lts . Rather, it is part of the overall occupant re
s tra int system in your vehicle. Always remember
that the airbag system can on ly help to protect
you, if you are sitting upr ight, wear ing your safe
ty belt and wear ing it prope rly . This is why you
and your passengers must always be prope rly re
stra ined, not just beca use the law req uires yo u to
be .
The Advanced Airbag System in your veh icle has
been ce rtified to meet the "low r is k" requi re
ments fo r 3 and 6 ye ar-old children o n the pas
senger side and very sma ll adults on the drive r
side . The low risk dep loyment criteria are intend
ed to help reduce the risk of injury through inter
action with the front a irbag that can occur, for
examp le, by being too close to the steering wheel
and instrument panel when the airbag inflates .
In addition , the system has been certified to
comp ly with the "suppression" requi rements of
the Safety Standard, to turn off the front a irbag
for i nfants 12 months old and younger who are
restrained on the front passenger seat in child re
stra ints that are listed in the Standa rd
¢ page 250, Child restraints and Advanced Air
bags.
"Suppress ion" requ ires the front a irbag on the
passenger side to be turned off if:
- a ch ild up to about one year of age is restra ined
on the front passenger seat in one of the rear
facing or forward -fac ing infant restra ints listed
Airb ag sys tem
in Federal Motor Veh icle Safety Standard 208
with which the Advanced Airbag System in your
veh icle was certif ied. For a List ing of the child
restraints that were used to certify your vehi
cle's compliance with the US Safety Standard
¢ page 250,
-weight less than a threshold level stored in the
con trol un it is detected on the front passenger
seat .
When a person is detected on the front passen ger seat, weighing more than the total weight of
a chi ld that is about
1 year old restra ined in one
of the rear-facing or forward -fac ing infant re
straints (listed in Federal Motor Veh icle Safety
Standard 208 with w hich the Advanced A irbag
System in your veh icle was certified), the front
airbag on the passenge r side may o r may not de
ploy .
T he
PAS SENGER AIR BAG OFF lig ht comes o n
whe n the elect ronic control uni t detects a tota l
weight on the fron t passenger sea t th at req uires
the front airbag to be turned off . If the
PASSEN
GER AIR BAG OFF
light does not come on, the
front airbag on the passenger side has not been
turned off by the control unit and can dep loy if
the control unit senses an impact that meets the
condit ions stored in its memory .
If the total weight on the front passenger seat is
more than that of a typica l 1 year-old, but less
than the weight of a small adult, the front airbag
on the passenger s ide may deploy (the
PAS SEN
GER AIR BAG OFF
light does not come on) .
For example , the ai rb ag may deploy if :
- a small chi ld that is heav ier than a typ ica l 1
yea r-o ld child is on the front passenger seat
(regard less of whether the child is in one of the
child seats listed
¢ page 250),
- a child who has outgrown c hild restraints is on
the front passenger seat.
If the front passenge r a irbag is t urned off, the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light in the center of
the instrument pane l wi ll come on and stay on .
T he front airbag on the passenger side m ay
not
deploy (the PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light does
not illuminate and stay lit) if: ..,.
231