2016 VOLVO XC90 T8 battery capacity

||
INTRODUCTION
18
Electrical current for charging the hybrid bat- tery
Electric motor for powering the rear wheels
Hybrid battery
Drive modes (change in the center display or by using the drive mode control in the tunnelconsole)
Instrument panel showing unique hybrid-rela- ted information
WARNING
Please be aware that there is no sound from the engine when the vehicle is being poweredby the electric motor and it may be difficult todetect by children, pedestrians, cyclists andanimals. This is especially true at low speeds.
High-voltage electrical current
WARNING
A number of electrical components in the XC90 T8 Twin Engine Plug-in Hybrid usehigh-voltage current and can be extremelydangerous if handled incorrectly. These com-ponents and any orange wiring in the vehiclemay only be handled by trained and qualifiedVolvo service technicians.
Hybrid-unique functions
Drive modes
Different drive modes can be selected while driv- ing, e.g., electric power only or a combination ofelectric and gasoline power. The vehicle calcu-lates the optimal combination of drivability, drivingexperience, environmental impact and fuel econ-omy for the selected drive mode. See also thearticle "Drive modes" for additional information.
Instrument panel
In certain driving situations, hybrid-unique infor- mation may be displayed in the instrument panel,such as: a hybrid battery gauge (current chargelevel), the current drive mode, a symbol that illu-minates when the gasoline engine is being used,a Hybrid Guide and the level of energy regenera-tion.
Preconditioning
In order to function optimally, the hybrid battery (and its related electrical systems) and the gaso-line engine (and its drive systems) should be atthe correct operating temperature. The hybridbattery's capacity is reduced considerably if it istoo cold or hot. Preconditioning prepares thevehicle's drive systems and passenger compart-ment before the vehicle is driven to help reducewear and energy consumption.
Charging the hybrid battery
CAUTION
Never connect the charging cable if there is a risk of thunderstorms/lightning.
The XC90 T8 Twin Engine Plug-in Hybrid uses a lithium-ion battery that can be charged in severalways:
• A charging cable can be connected from the vehicle to a 110-volt AC socket. Chargingtime depends on the strength of the current.
• When the brakes are applied lightly, the elec-tric motor is used for engine braking, duringwhich the vehicle's kinetic energy is conver-ted into electric current that is used to helprecharge the hybrid battery.
• The hybrid battery is also recharged to a cer-tain extent when the gasoline engine is inoperation.
Related information
•Drive modes (p. 390)
• Hybrid-related information in the instrumentpanel (p. 130)
• Charging the hybrid battery (p. 383)

||
STARTING AND DRIVING
356
Preconditioning
•If possible, precondition the vehicle with the charging cable before driving.
• Avoid parking the vehicle so that the passen-ger compartment becomes too hot or cold.Park, if possible, in a climate controlled park-ing garage.
• For short drives after using the precondition-ing function, turn off the climate systemblower if possible.
• If preconditioning is not possible in coldweather, use the seat and steering wheelheating primarily. Avoid heating the entirepassenger compartment, which reduces thehybrid battery's charge level.
Driving
•
Choose the Pure drive mode to help mini-
mize electric power consumption.
• Maintain a constant speed and an adequate distance to the vehicle ahead to minimizeuse of the brakes.
• Brake as gently as possible; doing socharges the hybrid battery using the inte-grated regenerative braking function.
• Balance energy requirements using theaccelerator pedal and utilize the gauge onthe instrument panel to see the amount ofpower available from the electric motor. Thishelps avoid starting the gasoline engineunnecessarily. The electric motor is moreenergy-efficient than the gasoline engine,especially at lower speeds. •
In hilly terrain, put the gear selector in mode B
to utilize the electric motor's braking func-
tion when the accelerator pedal is released. This helps charge the hybrid battery.
• Higher speeds increase energy consumptionand the vehicle's wind resistance increasesalong with speed. Do not exceed postedspeed limits.
• Select the
Save drive mode for higher
speeds when driving farther than is possible using the electric motor only.
• Avoid carrying unnecessary items (extra load)in the vehicle.
• Maintain correct tire pressure. Check tirepressure regularly (when the tires are cold).
• Remove snow tires when threat of snow orice has ended.
• Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc, increaseair resistance and also energy consumption.
• Avoid driving with open windows.
Handling and roadholding
•
Vehicle load, tire design and inflation pres-sure all affect vehicle handling. Therefore,check that the tires are inflated to the rec-ommended pressure according to the vehicleload. Loads should be distributed so thatcapacity weight or maximum permissible axleloads are not exceeded.
• At the specified curb weight your vehicle hasa tendency to understeer, which means thatthe steering wheel has to be turned more than might seem appropriate for the curva-ture of a bend. This ensures good stabilityand reduces the risk of rear wheel skid.Remember that these properties can alterwith the vehicle load. The heavier the load inthe cargo compartment, the less the ten-dency to understeer.
Related information
•
Hybrid-related information in the instrumentpanel (p. 130)
• Parking climate (preconditioning) (p. 179)

||
STARTING AND DRIVING
358•
The air conditioning may be switched off temporarily.
• After a prolonged period of driving, do notturn off the engine immediately after stop-ping.
• The engine cooling fan commonly continuesto run for several minutes after the enginehas been turned off.
WARNING
The cooling fan (located at the front of the engine compartment, behind the radiator) maystart or continue to operate (for up to6 minutes) after the engine has beenswitched off.
Related information
•
Driving with a trailer (p. 367)
• Before a long distance trip (p. 355)
Winter driving
Check your vehicle before the approach of cold weather.
The following advice is worth noting:
• Make sure that the engine coolant contains 50 percent antifreeze. Any other mixture willreduce freeze protection. This gives protec-tion against freezing down to –31 °F(–35 °C). The use of "recycled" antifreeze isnot approved by Volvo. Different types ofantifreeze must not be mixed.
• Volvo recommends using only genuine Volvoantifreeze in your vehicle's radiator.
• Try to keep the fuel tank well filled – thishelps prevent the formation of condensationin the tank. In addition, in extremely coldweather conditions it is worthwhile to addfuel line de-icer before refueling.
• The viscosity of the engine oil is important.Oil with low viscosity (thinner oil) improvescold-weather starting as well as decreasingfuel consumption while the engine is warm-ing up. Full synthetic 0W-30 oil is recom-mended for driving in areas with sustainedlow temperatures.
• The load placed on the battery is greater dur-ing the winter since the windshield wipers,lighting, etc., are used more often. Moreover,the capacity of the battery decreases as thetemperature drops. In very cold weather, apoorly charged battery can freeze and bedamaged. It is therefore advisable to check the state of charge more frequently andspray an anti-rust oil on the battery posts.
• Volvo recommends the use of snow tires onall four wheels for winter driving.
• To prevent the washer fluid reservoir fromfreezing, add washer solvents containingantifreeze. This is important since dirt is oftensplashed on the windshield during winterdriving, requiring the frequent use of thewashers and wipers. Volvo Washer Solventshould be diluted as follows: Down to 14 °F(–10 °C): 1 part washer solvent and 4 partswater Down to 5 °F (–15 °C): 1 part washersolvent and 3 parts water Down to 0 °F(–18 °C): 1 part washer solvent and 2 partswater Down to –18 °F (–28 °C): 1 partwasher solvent and 1 part water.
• Use Volvo Teflon Lock Spray in the locks.
• Avoid using de-icing sprays as they cancause damage to the locks.
Related information
• Snow tires and chains (p. 451)

STARTING AND DRIVING
}}
373
WARNING
•Never use more than one floor mat at a time on the driver's floor. Before driving,remove the original mat from the driver'sseat floor before using any other type offloor mat. Any mat used in this positionshould be securely and properly anchoredin the attaching pins. An extra mat on thedriver's floor can cause the acceleratorand/or brake pedal to catch. Check thatthe movement of these pedals is notimpeded.
• Volvo's floor mats are specially manufac-tured for your car. They must be firmlysecured in the clips on the floor so thatthey cannot slide and become trappedunder the pedals on the driver's side.
During normal starts, the electric motor is priori- tized and the gasoline engine will not start. Thismeans that when the start knob has been turned toward START and released, the electric motor is
activated ("started") and the vehicle is ready to be driven. The warning and information symbolsin the instrument panel will go out and thechosen theme will be displayed to indicate thatthe electric motor has been activated. However, in certain situations, such as in cold weather or if the hybrid battery is not sufficientlycharged, the gasoline engine will start instead.
NOTE
The vehicle cannot be started if the hybrid battery is discharged.
Back-up reader in the tunnel console
If Vehicle key not found is displayed in the
instrument panel, place the remote key in the back-up reader in the tunnel console (see theillustration) and try again to start the engine.
CAUTION
If the engine does not start after the third try, wait for approximately 3 minutes before tryingto start it again to give the battery time torecover its starting capacity.
WARNING
• Always remove the remote key from the passenger compartment when leaving thevehicle and ensure that the ignition in mode
0.
• On vehicles with the optional Passive Entry, never remove the remote key fromthe vehicle while it is being driven ortowed.
• Always place the gear selector in Parkand apply the parking brake before leav-ing the vehicle. Never leave the vehicleunattended with the engine running.
• Always open garage doors fully beforestarting the engine inside a garage toensure adequate ventilation. The exhaustgases contain carbon monoxide, which isinvisible and odorless but very poisonous.
NOTE
After a cold start, idle speed may be noticea- bly higher than normal for a short period. Thisis done to help bring components in theemission control system to their normal oper-ating temperature as quickly as possible,which enables them to control emissions andhelp reduce the vehicle's impact on the envi-ronment.

STARTING AND DRIVING
377
Hybrid charging cable circuit breakerThe charging cable has a circuit breaker that helps protect against current overloads andelectrical shocks.
If the charging cable's residual current breaker is triggered, the blue indicator light in the chargecoupler will not illuminate when the cable is plug-ged into a 120-/240-volt socket or the red indi-cator light will glow steadily. Have the socketchecked by a licensed electrician or try usinganother 120-/240-volt wall socket.
WARNING
• Charging the hybrid battery may only be done from approved, grounded 120-/240-volt sockets. If the electrical circuitor electrical socket's capacity is notknown, let a licensed electrician inspectthe electrical circuit's capacity. Using acharge level that exceeds the electricalcircuit's or electrical outlet's capacity maystart a fire or damage the electrical cir-cuit.
• The charging cable's residual currentbreaker helps protect the vehicle's charg-ing system but cannot ensure that an cur-rent overload will never occur.
• Never use visibly worn or damaged elec-trical sockets. Doing so could lead to firesor serious injury.
• Never connect the charging cable to anextension cord.
• Maintenance or replacement of the hybridbattery may only be performed by atrained and qualified Volvo service techni-cian.

||
STARTING AND DRIVING
384
NOTE
The capacity of the hybrid battery diminishes somewhat with age and use, which couldresult in increased use of the gasoline engineand consequently, slightly higher fuel con-sumption.
Charging is indicated in three ways: •Charge module (the unit that is plugged into the wall socket): The blue indicator light onthe cable's charge module will flash red sev-eral times when the unit is plugged into awall socket while a safety check is being per-formed and will then glow steadily blue toindicate that the charger is ready to use.
• A green indicator light in the vehicle's charg-ing socket will flash green while the batteryis charging and will glow steadily green whenthe hybrid battery is fully charged. The blueindicator light in the charge module will alsoflash while charging is underway and willglow steadily blue when charging is comple-ted.
• A gauge in the instrument panel will alsoindicate the battery's charge level.
The hybrid battery charging process also charges the vehicle's start battery. If the hybrid battery's temperature is below – 13 ºF (–10 ºC) or above +104 ºF (+40 ºC), some
of the vehicle's functions may be reduced or not be available at all (e.g., drive mode may not be available). The electric motor cannot be used if the hybrid battery's temperature is too low or too high. If thePURE drive mode is selected, the gasolineengine will be used.Temperature controlDuring charging, if the temperature in the charg-ing cable becomes too high and reaches a criticallimit, charging will be interrupted.
CAUTION
If charging is interrupted repeatedly, have the charging cable and the vehicle's chargingsystem inspected by a trained and qualifiedVolvo service technician.
Charging using the gasoline engine
Current is generated to charge the hybrid battery, such as light braking and when engine braking on down-slopes
Using the
B gear mode when driving on down-
slopes will also recharge the hybrid battery. The hybrid battery can also be charged by the gasoline engine. During light braking, the batteryis recharged.
Related information
• Drive modes (p. 390)
• General information about the XC90 T8 Twin Engine Plug-in Hybrid (p. 16)
• Hybrid battery charging cable (p. 375)
• Gear selector positions (p. 396)

||
STARTING AND DRIVING
392
SAVE
This mode makes it possible to save electrical energy (hybrid battery charge) for times whenusing the electric motor is more suitable (e.g., citydriving). Using the electric motor only saves more fuel at low speeds than at high ones. Therefore, use theSAVE mode primarily when the hybrid battery'scharge level is high and driving will initially be athighway speeds but will end with city drivingwhen electric driving is preferable. If the hybrid battery's charge level is low when this mode is selected, the gasoline engine willstart and charge the hybrid battery up to approx.33%. If the battery's charge level is already above33%, this level will be maintained by the enginemanagement system, which will start/stop the gasoline engine in the same way as in
Hybriddrive mode. This mode increases fuel consumption because the gasoline engine is used to conserve batterycharge for later use.
OFF ROAD
This mode helps maximize the vehicle's capacity to traverse difficult terrain or poor roads. In OFF ROAD, ground clearance is maximized, the steering is light, All Wheel Drive and HillDescent Control are activated and a compassand altimeter will be displayed in the instrumentpanel.This drive mode can only be activated at lowspeeds (the permissible speed range will beshown on the speedometer). At higher speeds,OFF ROAD mode will be cancelled and AWD willbe activated. This mode is not intended for normal street driv- ing.
CAUTION
OFF ROAD drive mode may not be used if the vehicle is towing a trailer without an elec-trical connection. This could result in damageto the pneumatic suspension system's bel-lows.
Due to the increased ground clearance, if the OFF ROAD mode was selected when the enginewas switched off, it will also restart in this mode.
AWD
This mode offers improved traction using four- wheel drive and is intended primarily for low-speed driving on slippery surfaces. However, italso helps increase directional stability at higherspeeds. In this mode, both the electric motor and the gas- oline engine are used continuously, which resultsin higher fuel consumption.
POWER
Power mode is intended for sportier, more active
driving. This mode maximizes the combined effects of the electric motor and the gasoline engine andprovides power to all four wheels. Response topressure on the accelerator pedal is more imme-diate and the transmission shifts up at higherspeeds. Steering response is also more immedi-ate, the suspension is stiffer and lower groundclearance reduces body roll when cornering. In this mode, both the electric motor and the gas- oline engine are used continuously, which resultsin higher fuel consumption.

||
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
480
Positive connection point
Negative connection point
Only modern battery chargers should be used to charge the start battery. Quick charge functions should not be used and could damage the bat-
tery. If both the start and hybrid batteries are fully dis- charged, both will have to be charged. Onlycharging the hybrid battery in this situation is notpossible. Before the hybrid battery can becharged, the start battery must be charged to acertain level.
CAUTION
• The infotainment system's energy-saving feature may not function correctly or atall, and/or a message may be displayed ifa battery charger or jumper cables arenot connected properly.
• The negative terminal on the battery must never
be used to connect a jumper cable
or a battery charger. Only the ground point on the chassis may be used.
NOTE
• The service life of the start battery is shortened if it becomes dischargedrepeatedly.
• The service life of the start battery isaffected by factors such as driving condi-tions and climate. Extreme cold may alsofurther decrease the battery's startcapacity.
• Because the battery