2016 VOLVO S60 wheel

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Steering assistLKA attempts to keep the vehicle within the lane's side marker lines.
LKA provides steering assistance
If the vehicle approaches one of the lane's side marker lines and the turn signals are
not being used , LKA will attempt to steer the
vehicle back into the lane.
Vibration warnings
LKA provides vibrations in the steering wheel and steering assistance 11
.
If the vehicle crosses a marker line, LKA pro- vides a warning in the form of vibrations inthe steering wheel. This occurs even if thesteering assist function has been deactivated.
Dynamic cornering
LKA does not intervene in sharp left curves
In certain cases, LKA allows the vehicle to cross marker lines without providing a vibra-tion warning or steering assistance, for exam-ple, during dynamic cornering as shown inthe illustration where the driver's view of theroad and traffic conditions make this possi-ble.
Related information
• Driver Alert System (p. 210)
• Lane Keeping Aid (LKA) – introduction (p. 220)
• Lane Keeping Aid (LKA) – limitations(p. 223)
• Lane Keeping Aid (LKA) – symbols andmessages (p. 224)
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The illustration shows 3 vibration warnings when the vehicle crosses the marker line

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Lane Keeping Aid (LKA) – limitations
The camera used by LKA has the same limi- tations as the human eye. See The camera’slimitations (p. 205) for more information aboutthe camera's limitations.
NOTE
In certain cases, it may be difficult for LKA to assist the driver correctly. In the follow-ing conditions, it may be preferable to turnLKA off:• Road construction areas
• Winter road conditions
• Poor road surfaces
• A very sporty driving style
• Bad weather conditions with poor visi- bility
WARNING
Hands on the steering wheel
: In order for
LKA to function correctly, the driver's hands have to be on the steering wheel,which LKA monitors steadily. If this is notthe case, the driver will be alerted by a textmessage to actively steer the vehicle. If this is not done, LKA will go into standby mode and will remain disengaged until thedriver begins to actively steer the vehicleagain.
Related information
• Driver Alert System (p. 210)
• Lane Keeping Aid (LKA) – introduction (p. 220)
• Lane Keeping Aid (LKA) – operation(p. 221)
• Lane Keeping Aid (LKA) – symbols andmessages (p. 224)

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.229
Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – introduction
The Park Assist Pilot provides assistance when parallel parking by measuring the park-ing space and turning the steering wheel.
Introduction
The off/on button shown is located on the center console
Park Assist Pilot (PAP) is a semi-automatic system that provides assistance when parallelparking by:
• Finding a parking space and determining if it is big enough for the vehicle
• Helping to steer the vehicle into the park-ing space
Information about the actions required of the driver is provided in the instrument panel inthe form of symbols, images and text.
NOTE
If a trailer hitch is configured in the vehi- cle's electrical system, PAP will take thetrailer hitch into consideration when deter-mining the necessary size of a parkingspace.
WARNING
• PAP does not function in all situations and is only intended to assist thedriver when parallel parking.
• As the driver, you have full responsibil-ity for parking the vehicle in a safemanner.
Related information
•
Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – function (p. 229)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – operation(p. 230)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – limitations(p. 232)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – symbols andmessages (p. 233)
• Park assist – introduction (p. 225)
• Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – intro-duction (p. 234)
Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – function
PAP's function is to measure the parking space and to turn the steering wheel duringthe parallel parking procedure. The driver isresponsible for following the instructionsshown in the instrument panel and for: shift-ing between
R (Reverse) and D (Drive) when
required, regulating the vehicle's speed,applying the brakes and stopping the vehicle. PAP can be activated in the following condi- tions: • When the stability or ABS systems are not working actively
• The vehicle is not towing a trailer
• The vehicle's speed is below30 mph (50 km/h)
How PAP works
PAP helps park the vehicle by:

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* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.231
2: Backing into the parking space
When the vehicle is backing up, PAP will steer it into the parking space.
1. Check that the area behind the vehicle is
clear and put the gear selector in R.
2. Back up slowly without moving the steer- ing wheel. The vehicle's speed must be below approximately 4 mph 7 km/h.
3. Keep an eye on the instrument panel and be prepared to stop the vehicle when youare instructed by PAP to do so.
NOTE
•Release the wheel while PAP is steer- ing the vehicle.
• The steering wheel must be able toturn freely.
• For PAP to function optimally, waituntil the steering wheel is no longerturning before beginning the nextphase of the parking procedure.
3: Adjusting the vehicle's position
After the vehicle has backed into the parking space, its position in the space has to beadjusted by driving slightly forward and back-ing up. 1. Put the gear selector in
D, wait until the
steering wheel has turned and drive for- ward slowly.
2. Stop the vehicle when you are instructed by PAP to do so.
3. Put the gear selector in R, back up slowly
and stop when you are instructed by PAPto do so.
When the parking procedure is finished (this will be indicated by a text message and agraphic image in the instrument panel) , PAPswitches off automatically. If necessary, thedriver may need to make minor adjustmentsto ensure that the vehicle is parked correctly.
Related information
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – introduction (p. 229)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – function (p. 229)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – limitations(p. 232)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – symbols andmessages (p. 233)
• Park assist – introduction (p. 225)
• Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – intro-duction (p. 234)

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232* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Park Assist Pilot (PAP)* – limitations
The PAP parking procedure will be cancelled if.
• The vehicle's speed goes above approxi- mately 4 mph 7 km/h
• The driver moves the steering wheel
• If the stability or ABS systems are acti-vated (e.g., if a wheel starts to spinbecause of a slippery road surface
If the system has been switched off, this will be indicated by a text message in the instru-ment panel.
NOTE
• PAP will not function correctly if its sensors are obstructed by dirt, snow,etc.
• In certain situations, PAP may not beable to measure a parking space. Thiscould be due to external sources ofsound (e.g., a vehicle's horn, tires onwet asphalt, pneumatic brakes, noisefrom a motorcycle's exhaust, etc.)emitting ultrasound using approxi-mately the same frequencies as PAP.
Information to keep in mindPAP is only intended to provide parallel park- ing assistance but may not be able to func-tion fully in all situations. •
PAP's function is based on the way that the vehicles are parked behind and infront of your parking space. If they are,for example, parked too close to the curb,there is a risk that your vehicle's tires orwheel rims could be damaged by thecurb during the parking procedure.
• PAP is intended to provide parking assis-tance on straight streets, not sections ofstreet with curved or irregular curbs. Besure that your vehicle is parallel to thecurb when PAP measures the parkingspace.
• PAP may not be able to provide parkingassistance on narrow streets due to lackof space to maneuver the vehicle. In sit-uations like this, it may help to drive asclose to the side of the road as possiblewhere the parking space is located.
• Use only approved tires with the correctinflation pressure because this affectsPAP's capacity to provide parking assis-tance. See the table in Tire inflation –pressure table (p. 297). Changing to adifferent approved tire size may affectPAP's parameters. Consult a trained andqualified Volvo service technician.
• Heavy rain or snow may inhibit PAP'scapacity to correctly measure a parkingspace.
• Do not use PAP if snow chains or a tem-porary spare tire is being used.
• Do not use PAP if there are any objectsprotruding from the vehicle.
WARNING
• The front end of your vehicle may turn out toward oncoming traffic during theparking procedure.
• Objects located above the parkingsensors' field of vision are not includedwhen PAP measures a parking space.For this reason, PAP may turn into theparking space too soon. Avoid parkingspaces of this type.
• The driver is always responsible fordetermining if PAP has selected a suit-able parking space.
Maintenance
Generic illustration. The PAP sensors are located in the front and rear bumpers
PAP uses the same sensors as the Park assist system, see Park assist – limitations(p. 228)).

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Ambient lighting conditionsThe camera automatically monitors the ambi- ent lighting conditions behind the vehicle andconstantly adjusts sensitivity to light. Thismay cause the brightness and quality of theimage on the screen to vary slightly. Sensitiv-ity to light is increased in dark conditions or inbad weather, which may affect image quality. If the image on the screen seems too dark, brightness can be increased with the thumbwheel on the lighting panel.
NOTE
In order to function properly, the camera lens should always be kept clean. This isparticularly important in bad weather.Keep the lens free of dirt, ice or snow.
Related information
•Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – intro- duction (p. 234)
• Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – opera-tion (p. 235)
• Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – limita-tions (p. 238)
Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – operation
Activation
PAC is activated when the gear selector is moved to
R if the system is selected in the
MY CAR menu system or by pressing the
CAM button in the center console. See My
Car – introduction (p. 70) for a description ofthe menu system. If PAC is not activated when the gear selector is moved to R, press the CAM button on the
center console. PAC will automatically override the view cur- rently on the screen and will display the cam-era's view behind the vehicle.
Trailer hitchesThe camera can be useful when attaching atrailer. With the camera zoomed in on the trailer hitch, a guiding line showing the hitch'spath toward the trailer will be projected. The guiding lines for the wheels and for the trailer hitch cannot be displayed at the sametime. To select a view:
1. Press
OK/MENU when a camera view is
displayed.
2. Turn TUNE to scroll to
Tow bar
trajectory guide line.
3. Confirm by pressing OK/MENU and
press EXIT.
ZoomWhen necessary, the camera view can be zoomed:
• Press
CAM or turn TUNE. Pressing or
turning again returns you to normal view.
If there are additional alternatives, press/turnuntil the desired camera view is displayed.
Automatic zoom
Automatic zoom is a feature that is available
on models equipped with a trailer hitch and the optional (p. 225)Park assist system. Withthis alternative selected, the camera willzoom in on the trailer hitch automatically ifthe vehicle approaches an object/trailer. See also the "Settings" section below.
DeactivationMove the gear selector from R to another
gear. The camera remains active for approx.

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5 seconds after the gear selector has been moved from R or until the vehicle's forward
speed exceeds 6 mph/10 km/h(21 mph/35 km/h in reverse). The screen willthen revert to the view that was displayedbefore R was selected.
NOTE
If any button on the center console control panel is pressed, the camera image willdisappear from the display. Pressing CAM
will return the camera image to the display.
SettingsBy default, PAC is set to activate when the gear selector is moved to R
To change PAC settings when a camera viewis displayed:
1. Press OK/MENU when a camera view is
on the screen. A menu will be displayed.
2. Turn TUNE to scroll to the desired set-
ting.
3. Press OK/MENU to make the setting and
exit the menu by pressing EXIT.
Summary
•Pressing
CAM will activate the camera
even if the gear selector is not in Reverse.
• Toggle between normal view and zoom by pressing
CAM or by turning TUNE.
Related information
•Park assist – introduction (p. 225)
• Park assist – function (p. 225)
• Park assist – troubleshooting (p. 233)
• Park assist – limitations (p. 228)
• Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – intro-duction (p. 234)
Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – guiding and marker lines
Guiding lines
The lines on the screen are projected as if they were a path on the ground behind thevehicle and are directly affected by the way inwhich the steering wheel is turned. This ena-bles the driver to see path the vehicle willtake, even if he/she turns the steering wheelwhile backing up.
NOTE
When backing up with a trailer, the guiding lines show the path that the
vehicle will
take, not the trailer.

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WARNING
Keep in mind that the image on the screen only shows the area behind the vehicle.The driver must always watch for people,animals, other vehicles, etc., near the sidesof the vehicle when turning while backingup.
Marker lines
The PAC system's lines
The unobstructed area behind the vehicle
"Wheel tracks"
The dashed line (1) indicates the clear zone of approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) behind thebumper. These lines also indicate the outer-most limits that any object (door mirrors, cor-ners of the body, etc.) extends out from thevehicle, even when it turns. The "wheel tracks" (2) show where the wheelswill roll and can extend up to approximately10.5 ft (3.2 m) behind the bumper if there areno objects in the way.
Vehicles equipped with Park Assist
Colored markers (one for each sensor) indicate distance If the vehicle is equipped with the optional Park Assist system (see Park assist – intro-duction (p. 225)), the distance to an objectwill be indicated more exactly and coloredmarkers in the display indicate which of thesensor(s) has detected the object.
ColorDistance to object
Pale yellow2.3–5 ft (0.7–1.5 m )
Yellow1.6–2.3 ft (0.5–0.7 m)
ColorDistance to object
Orange1–1.6 ft (0.3–0.5 m)
Red0–1 ft (0–0.3 m)
Related information
•
Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – opera- tion (p. 235)
• Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC) – limita-tions (p. 238)