2016 AUDI Q5 parking brake

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,...., (D Note
Special care is required if you are repairing
the tire on a steep incline.
@ Tips
- Do not operate the compressor for more
than 12 minutes continuously, otherwise it
can overheat. Once the compressor has
cooled, you can continue to use it.
- If sealant has spi lled out, let it dry and then
you can remove it by peeling it away like a
foil.
- Remember to obtain a new bott le of sealant
from your authorized Audi dealer after re­
pair ing a tire. After this, the functionality of
the tire repair set is restored .
- Obey all laws.
Replacing wheels
Before changing a wheel
Observe the following precautions for your own
and your passenger's safety when changing a
wheel.
""After you experience a tire failure, pull the car
well away from moving traff ic and try to reach
level ground before you stop¢_& .
.. All passengers sho uld
leave the car and move
to a safe location (fo r instance, behind the
guardrai l) ¢ .&_ .
.. Engage the
par king b rake to prevent yo ur vehi ­
cle from roll ing unintentionally ¢&_ .
.. Move
selecto r le ver to po sitio n P ¢ &_ .
"" If you are towing a trailer: unh itch the trailer
from your veh icle.
"" Block the diagonally opposite wheel with the
folding chocks o r other objects .
""T ake the
jac k* and the inflatable spa re tir e*
out of the luggage compartment ¢ page 254 .
A WARNING
You or your passengers cou ld be inj ured while
changing a wheel if you do not follow these
safety precautions:
- If you have a flat tire, move a safe distance
off the road. Turn off the engine, turn the
Em ergenc y ass is tanc e
emergency flashers on and use other wa rn­
ing dev ices to alert other motorists.
- Make sure that passengers wait in a safe
place away from the vehicle and well away
from the road and traff ic.
- To help prevent the veh icle from moving
suddenly and possib ly slipping off the jack*,
always fully set the parking brake and block
the wheel diagonally opposite the wheel be­ i n g changed with the fold ing c hocks or oth­
er objects . When one front whee l is lifted
off the ground, placing the Automatic
Transmission in P (Park) w ill
not prevent the
veh icle from moving.
- Before you change a wheel, be sure the
gro und is leve l and firm.
If necessary, use a
sturdy board under the jack*.
- Always s tore the vehicle too l kit, the jack*
and the replaced tire in the lugg age com­
partment
¢ page 139.
Changing a wheel
When you change a wheel, follow the sequence
described below s tep-by -step and in exactly that
order.
1. Remove the de corative wheel cover* . For
more detai ls see also¢
page 260, Decaro-
tive wheel covers
o r¢ page 260, Wheels
with wheel bolt cops .
2. Loosen the w
heel bolt s ¢ page 260.
3 . Locate the proper mounting point for the
jack* and align the jack* below that point
¢ page 261.
4. Li ft the car with the jack*¢ page 261 .
s. Remove the wheel with th e flat tire and then
insta ll the
inflatable spar e tir e *
¢ page 262.
6. Tighte n all whee l bolts lightly.
7 .
Lo wer the vehicle wi th the jack *.
8 . Use the whee
l bolt wrench and
firml y tighten
all wheel bo lts ¢
page 260 .
9. Replace the decorat ive wheel co ver* .
259
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.. Take t ight hold of the end of the wrench handle
and turn the wheel bolts
c o un ter-cloc kwi se
about one single tu rn in the d irection of arrow
r=> fig . 218.
T igh tening
.. Install the wheel b olt w renc h over the wheel
bolt and push it down as far as it will go .
.. Take tight hold of the
end of the wrench handle
and turn each wheel bolt
cl oc kwise until it is
seated.
_& WARNING
- Do not use force or hurry when changing a
wheel - you can cause the vehicle to slip off
the jack* and cause ser ious personal inju­
ries.
- Do not loosen the wheel bolts more than
one turn
before you raise the vehicle with
the jac k*. -Yo u ris k an injury.
@ Tips
If a wheel bolt is very tight, you may find it
easier to loosen by carefu lly pushing down on
the end of the wheel bo lt wrench with
one
foot only.
As you do so, hold on to the car to
keep your balance and take care not to slip.
Raising the vehicle
The vehicle must be li~ed with the jack* first be­
fore the wheel can be removed .
Fig . 219 Sill pane ls: markin gs
Em ergen cy a ssis tanc e
Fig . 220 Sill: pos ition ing the jack
.. Engage the parking brake to prevent your vehi­
cle from rolling unintentionally
.. Move the
sel ecto r le ver to po sitio n P.
.. Find the mark ing (imprint) on the sill that is
nearest the wheel that will be changed
r=> fig . 219 . Behind the marking, there is a lift­
ing point on t he sill fo r the jack* .
"" Turn the
ja ck * located under the lifting point
on the sill to raise the jack until its arm @
r=> fig. 220 is located under the designated plas ­
tic mo unt
r=> A r=> (j) .
.. Align the jack* so that its arm @ r=> fig. 220 en­
gages in the designated lifting point in the door
sill and the movable base @ lies flat on the
ground. The base @ must be
vertical under the
lifting point @.
"" Wind the jack* up furthe r unt il the flat tire
comes off the g round
r=> _&. .
Pos ition the jack* onl y under the designated lift­
ing points on the s ill
r=> fig . 219. There is exactly
one location for each wheel. The jack* must not
be pos itioned at any othe r loca tion
r=> & r=> @.
An un stable surf ace under the jack* can cause
the vehicle to slip off the jack* . Always prov ide a
firm base for the jack* on the ground .
If necessa­
r y place a s turdy board or similar support unde r
t h e jack*. O n
hard, slipp ery surfa ce s (such as
t il es) use a r ubber mat or sim ilar to prevent the
jac k* from slipp ing
r=> .&. .
_& WARNING
-
-You or your passengers could be i njured
while changing a wheel if you do not follow these safety precautions :
261

Fuses and bulbs
Left cockpit fuse assignment
Fig. 224 Left side of the cockp it: fuse panel with p lastic
clip
Fuse panel @ (black)
No . Equipment
1 Dynamic steering
2 ESC control module
A/C system pressure sensor, electrome-
3 chanical parking
brake, Homelink, auto-
matic dimming interior rearview mirror,
air quality/outside air sensor, ESC button
s Sound actuator/exhaust sound tuning
6 Headlight range control/corner ing light
7 Headlight (cornering light)
Control modules (electromechanical park-
8 ing brake, shock absorber, quattro Sport,
trailer hitch), DCDC converter
9
Adaptive cruise control or high voltage
battery (hybrid dr ive)
11 Side assist
12 Headlight range control, parking system
13 Airbag
14 Rear wiper
15 Auxiliary
fuse (instrument panel)
16 Auxiliary fuse te rm inal 15 (engine area)
266
Fuse panel ® (brown)
No. Equipment
1 Electric exhaust door
2 Brake
light sensor or brake pedal move-
ment sensor (hybrid drive)
3 Fuel pump
4 Ad
Blue pumps or brake booster power
supply (hybrid dr ive)
s
Left seat heating with/without seat venti-
lation
6 ESC
7 Horn
8
Left front doo r (window regulator, central
locking, mirror, switch, lighting)
9 Wiper motor
10 ESC
11 L
eft rear doo r (window regulator, switch,
li ght ing)
12 Rain and light sensor
Fuse panel
© (red)
No. Equipment
3 Lumbar support
4 Dynamic steering
5 Climatized cupholder
6 Windshie
ld washer system, headlamp
washer system
7 Vehicle electrical system control module 1
8 Vehicle electrical system control module 1
9 Panorama roof
10 Vehicle electrical system control module 1
11 Sun shade (panorama sunroof)
12 Anti-theft alarm system

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Right cockpit fuse assignment
Fig. 225 Right side of the cockpit: fuse panel wit h plastic
clip
Fuse panel @ (black)
No . Equipment
5 Steering column switch module
7 Terminal 15 diagnostic connector
8 Gateway (Databus diagnostic interface)
9 Auxil iary heater
Fuse panel @ (brown)
No. Equipment
1 CD /DVD player
2 Wi-Fi
3 MMI/Radio
4 Instrument cluster
5
Gateway (instrument cluster control mod-
ule)
6 Ignition lock
7 Light dial
8 Climate control system blower
9 Steering column lock
1 0 Climate control system
Fuses and bulbs
No . Equipment
11 Diagnostic data
link connector, terminal
30
12 Steering column switch module
Right luggage compartment fuse
assignment
Fig. 226 Right luggage compartment: fuse panel with
pla stic dip
Fuse panel @ (black)
No. Equipment
1 Luggage compartment lid control module
2 Trailer control module
3 Traile r control module
4 Tra iler control module
5 Electromechanical parking brake
6 Electronic damping control
7 Electromechanical parking brake
8 Tail lights
9 quattro Sport
10 Tail lights
11 Central locking system
12 Termina l 30
267

Fuses a nd bul bs
Fu se pa nel© (bro wn)
No. Equipment
1 Luggage compartment lid control module
2 12 V socket, cigarette lighter
3
DCDC converter path 1 or high vo ltage bat-
tery blower (hybrid drive)
4 DCDC converter path 2, DSP amp lifier, ra-
dio
7 Electromechanical
parking brake
9
Right front door (window regu lator, cen-
tral locking, mirror, switch, lighting)
11 Rear right
door (window regulator, switch,
lighting)
12 Cell phone preparation
F
use panel © (black )
No. Equipment
1 Rig ht
front seat heating/venti lation
2 Automatic dimming rearview mirror
3 Instrument
panel terminal 30
4 MMI
5 Radio
6 Rearview camera
7 Rear window defogger
8 Rear Seat Entertainment
11 AdBlue heating
12 Ad Blue supply or h
igh vo ltage battery (hy-
brid drive)
Bulbs
Replacing light bulbs
For your safety, we recommend that you have
your authorized Audi dealer replace burned out bulbs for you.
It is becoming increasingly more and more diffi­
cult to replace vehicle light bulbs since in many
cases, other parts of the car must first be re ­
moved before you are able to get to the bu lb.
This applies espec ially to the light bulbs in the
front of your ca r wh ich you can only reach
through the eng ine compartment.
2 6 8
Sheet meta l and bu lb holders can have sharp
edges that can cause serious cuts, and parts
must be correctly taken apart and then properly
put back together to help prevent breakage of
parts and long term damage from water that can
enter housings that have not been properly re­
sealed.
For your safety, we recommend that you have
your authorized Audi dealer replace any bulbs for
you, since your dealer has the proper tools, the correct bulbs and the expertise.
Ga s d ischar ge lam ps (Xeno n light s)*:
Due to the high e lectrica l voltage, have the bulbs
rep laced by a qualified technician. Headlights
with Xenon light can be identified by the h igh
voltage sticker.
A WARNING
-
Contact with high-voltage components of the
electr ical system and improper replacement
of gas discharge (Xenon) headlight bulbs can
cause ser ious persona l injury and death .
- Xenon bulbs are pressur ized and can ex­
plode when being changed .
- Changing Xenon lamps requires the special
tra ining, instruct ions and equ ipment .
- Only an authorized Audi dealer or other
qualified workshop should change the bulbs
in gas discharge lamps .
A WARNING
There are parts with sharp edges on the open­
ings and on the bulb ho lders that can cause
serious cuts.
- If you are uncertain about what to do, have
the wor k performed by an authorized Audi
dea ler or other qual ified workshop. Ser ious
personal injury may resu lt from improperly
performed work .
(D Tips
-If you must replace the light bulbs you rself,
always remember that the eng ine compart­
ment of any vehicle is a hazardous area to
work in. Always read and heed all WARN­
INGS¢
page 220 ¢ & .

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When jump starting or charging the bat ­
tery, never connect the negative ground ca­
ble to tbe battery negat ive post because the
battery manager system must be ab le to de­
tect the battery's state of charge. Always
connect the negative ground cable to the
negative ground post of the battery manag­
er contro l unit .
Use of jumper cables
Make sure to connect the jumper coble clomps in
exactly the order described below!
Fig. 227 Engine co mpartment: Connectors for jumper ca ­
b les and charger
Fig. 228 Jump starting w ith the bat tery of a nother vehicle:
@ booste r battery, @ discha rged veh icle battery
The procedure described below for connecting
jumper cables is intended to provide a jump start for your vehicle.
Hybrid drive*: read the important information
concerning a dead high voltage battery under
c;;,poge 104.
Vehicle with discharged battery:
.. Turn off lights and accessories, move lever of
automatic transmission to N (Neutral) or P
(Park) and set parking brake .
Emergency situations
Connect POSITIVE(+) to POSITIVE (+) (red)
.. Remove the cover@ by pressing on the arrow
¢fig. 227.
.. Open the cover @on the positive terminal.
1. Connect one end of the red positive cab le on
the
jump start bolt r=;;, fig. 228 @ (Bolts un­
der cover= "positive") of the vehicle to be
started @.
2. Connect the other end to the positive termi-
nal @ of the booster battery @.
Connect NEGATIVE(-) to NEGATIVE(-)
(black)
3. Connect one end of the black negative cable
to the negative te rm i nal @of the booster
battery @.
4. Connect the other end of the bla ck negative
cable to the
jump start bolt@ (Bolts wi th
hex head = "negative") of the vehicle to be
started @.
Starting the engine
.. Start the engine of the vehicle with the booster
battery @. Run the eng ine at a moderate
speed .
.. Start engine w ith discharged vehicle battery®
in the usual manner .
.. If the engine fails to start: do not keep the
starter cranking for longer than 10 seconds.
Wait for about 30 seconds and then try again .
.. With eng ine running,
remove jumper cables
from both veh icles in the exact
reverse order .
.. Close the
cover @on the positive terminal and
re-install the cover (!)¢
fig. 227.
T he battery is vented to the outside to prevent
gases from entering the vehicle interior . Make
sure that the jumper clamps are well connected
with their
metal ports in full contact with the
battery term inals.
& WARNING ~
To avoid serious personal injury and damage
to the veh icle, heed all warnings and instruc­
tions of the jumper cable manufacturer. If in
doubt, call for road
service.
-Jumper cables must be long enough so that
the vehicles do not touch.
~
271

Index
A
A/C (climate control) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Active lane assist
Cleaning the camera area . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Adapt ive cruise control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Cleaning the sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Indicator lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Requestfordriverintervention ........ . 111
Setting the distance............... ... 110
Setting the driving program . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Adaptive dampers..................... 119
Adapt ive light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Defective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
AdBlue .... .. .. .... ........... ....... 217
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Opening the tank door ... ...... .. .. .. . 218
Refilling . .. .. .... ........... .... ... 218
Adding Engine coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Engine oil .. .. .. .. ... ........... ... .
Windshield washer fluid . ...... .. .. .. .
Additional accessories
Addit ives
Engine oil .... .. .. .............. ... .
Adjusting 224
233
282
224
Air distribution (climate control) . . . . . . . . 81
I nstrument illum inat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Steering column manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Temperature (climate control) . . . . . . . . . . 81
Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Advanced Airbag-System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Advanced Airbag System components . . . 157
Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Child restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Components (front airbags) . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Danger of fitting a child safety seat on the
front passenger seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Fr ont airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155, 156
How do the front airbags work? . . . . . . . . 159
How many airbags does my vehicle have? 157
How the Advanced Airbag System compo-
nents work together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
284
Important information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light . . . . . . . . . 161
Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Side airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Side curtain airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Warning/indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Warning/Indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Weight-sensing mat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
When must the system be inspected? . . . 161
Air transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
All-wheel drive .. .... .. ............... 194
Se lective wheel torque control . . . . . . . . . 190
All season tires
Alternator 249
Malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Anti-freeze
refer to E ngine coolant system . . . . . . . . . 226
Anti-lock brake system
Warning/indicator lights ............ 15, 17
Anti-Lock Braking System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Anti-slip regulation
Warning/indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Anti-Slip Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Anti-theft alarm warning system . . . . . . . . . 38
Electronic immobilizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Approach/departure angle ............ .. 201
Ashtray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Audi braking guard
refer to Braking guard 112
Audi drive select Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
also refer to Drive select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Audi parking system plus with rearview cam-
era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Adjusting the display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Adjusting the warning tones . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Rearview camera -parking mode 1 . . . . . . 131
Rearview camera -parking mode 2 . . . . . . 132
Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Switching on and off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Trailer hitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Audi Service Repair Manuals and Literature 280
Auto -Check Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Auto locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Automatic belt retractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

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,...., Automatic driving light control . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Driving .. ... ................... ... . 124
Emergency mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Emergency release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Hill descent control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Kick-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Manual shift program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Removal lock (ignition key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Selector lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Shift padd les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Automatic wipe/wash system . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Auto Safety Hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
AUTO (climate control) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Average speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Avoid damaging the vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
B
Bass box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Battery location inside the luggage compart-
ment .. .. .. .. .. ........... .. .. .. .. . 230
Charge level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Charging ... .. .................. 104,231
Ene rgy management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Important warnings when working on the
battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Jump starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Replacing the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
W inter operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Work ing on the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Before driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Bio-ethanol (Fuel) .............. .. .. .. . 213
Blended gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Blow er (climate control) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Boo ster seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Brake fluid
Changing the brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Checking the brake flu id level . . . . . . . . . . 228
B rake system
Anti-lock brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Brake booster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Index
Brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Brake fluid specifications for refill and re­
placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Brake light defective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
E le ctromechanical parking brake . . . . . . . . 89
Fluid reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Warning/indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Worn brake pads symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Braking Brake assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Braking guard ... .. .. ............. 106, 112
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Switching on and
off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Break-in period Brake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Brea king in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
New tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Breakover angle ... .. .... ...... ... .. .. 201
Bu lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
C
California Proposition 65 Warning . . . . . . . 221
Battery specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
AdBlue ............................ 217
Eng ine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Cargo area
refer to Loading the luggage compart-
ment..... .... .. .. ............... .. 139
Cargo floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Catalytic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Center armrest Adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Storage compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
C en tral locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Changing Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Ch ecking
Engine coolant level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
285