Instruments and indicator lights
TPMS
-~--
14 USA models
:
Anti-lock brak ing system (ABS) de
fective,/
¢ page 19
Canada mod els :
Anti-lock brak ing system (A BS) de
fective,/
¢ page 19
USA models :
Safety systems ./
¢page 19
Canada models :
Safety systems ./
¢page 19
Worn brake pads
¢page20
Elect romechan ical park ing brake
¢page 16
Tire pressure monitoring
system ,/
¢page 223
Tire pressure monitor ing system
¢page223
Electronic power control ,/
¢page20
Malf unct io n ind icator Lamp (MIL)
,I
c::> page 20
Engi ne speed limitat ion
c::> page20
Engine oil level
c::> page 17
Engine oil sensor
c::>page20
Battery
c::>page 16
Tank system
c::>page20
Wa rm up eng ine *
¢page 187
Windshield washe r fl uid leve l
¢page 21
Windshield wipers
¢page 21
Remote control key
¢ page 75
Battery in remote control key
¢page 33
Defect ive light bulb wa rning
<=> page 21
Fog lights
¢page 21
Rear fog ligh t(s)*
c> page 21
Headlight range control*
c> page 21
Adaptive light*
c>page 21
Light-/rai n sensor*
c> page 21
Adaptive dampers*
c>page22
Sport different ial*
<=> page22
Ig nition loc k
c>page22
Steering co lumn lock
¢ page 18
Elec tromechanical stee ring, dy
nam ic stee ring *,/
c>page 174
Transmission
- tipt ronic
c> page 87
- S tron ic c::> page 87
Transmission
- S tron ic
¢page 87
Other indicator light s
~--==------------Turn signals
<=>page22
USA mode ls: Cruise cont rol
c> page80
Canada model s: Cruise control
c> page 80
Instruments and indicator lights
you can continue to turn the lights on and off us
ing the light switch . You can still control a ll func
tions that are independent of the rain sensor
through the w indshield wiper lever.
Contact your author ized Audi dealer as soon as
possible to have the problem corrected.
; Adaptive dampers
Applies to vehicles: with Audi drive select and adaptive damp
ers
B Su spen sion : S yst em fault!
If the B symbol in the display comes on, there is
a ma lf u nction in the adaptive dampers . P lease go
to an author ized Audi de aler or qu alified work
shop to have the ma lfunction repaired .
!-: Sport differential
Applies to vehicles: with Audi drive select and sport differen
tial
Sport differ ential: Syst em fault!
There is a malfunction with the sport differential.
Drive to your authorized Aud i dea ler immediately
to have the malfunct ion corrected.
Sport differential: Overhe ating
The transmission tempe rature has increased s ig
n ificant ly due to the sporty driv ing manne r. D rive
i n a less sporty manner until the temperature re
turns to the normal range and the indicator light
switches of.
A WARNING
Contact your authorized A udi dealer or quali
fied workshop if the sport differential is faulty
or ma lfunctioning. The repa ir must be per
formed by trained personnel us ing the correct
oil in order to ensure safety .
~ Ignition lock
II Ignition lock defective
There is a malfunction in the electronic ignition
lock . Please go to an authorized Audi dea ler or
other qualified workshop to have the malfu nction
repaired .
22 ¢
Q Turn
signals
Wheneve r yo u use the left B or the right Ill
turn s ignal , the ind ic a tor light blinks. When you
u se the emergency flashe rs, both indicator ligh ts
f lash.
If one of the tu rn signa l ligh t bulbs bu rn out, the
turn s ignal will b link t wice as fast as no rmal.
Caref ully drive to yo ur a uth o rized Aud i dea ler im
mediate ly to have the malfunction corrected.
Driving
oil pressure must first build up in the hy
draulic valve adjusters. This is normal and not a cause for concern.
- If you leave the vehicle with the ignition
switched on, the ignition will switch off af
ter a certain period of time. Please note that
electrical equipment such as exterior lights
will switch off as well when that happens .
Switching engine off
Applies to veh icles: w ith conven ience key
" Bring your vehicle to a complete stop .
" Automatic transmission: Move the selector lev
er to the P or N position.
"Press the
I STA RT ENG INE S TOPI button
~ page 75, fig. 79.
Steering lock
The steering locks when you turn the engine off
using the
I START E NGINE STOP ! button and
open the driver's door. The locked steering helps
prevent vehicle theft.
Emergency off
If necessary, the engine can be switched off with
the selector lever in the R or D/S positions . The
engine stops if you press and hold the
I STAR T ENGIN E STOPI button at speeds below
6 mph (10 km/h) and press the brake pedal.
A WARNING
-Never turn off the engine before the vehicle
has come to a complete stop. The full func
tion of the brake booster and the power
steering is not guaranteed. You must use
more force to turn or brake if necessary. Be
cause you cannot steer and brake as you
usually would, this could lead to crashes
and serious injuries.
- For safety reasons, you should always park
your vehicle with the selector lever in P.
Otherwise, the vehicle could inadvertently
roll away .
- The radiator fan can continue to run for up
to 10 minutes even after you have turned
off the engine and removed the ignition key.
The radiator fan can also turn on again if the
76
engine coolant heats up because of intense
sunlight or heat build-up in the engine com
partment.
- Always take the key with you whenever you
leave your vehicle . Otherwise, the engine
could be started or electrical equipment
such as the power windows could be operat
ed. This can lead to serious injury.
(D Note
If the engine has been under heavy load for
an extended period, heat builds up in the en
gine compartment after the engine is switch
ed off - there is a risk of damaging the engine .
Allow the engine to run at idle for about two
minutes before switching it off.
Driver messages
Ignition is on
This message appears and a warning tone sounds
if you open the driver's door when the ignition is
switched on .
No key identified
This message appears when the
I STAR T ENGINE ST OP ! button is pressed if there
is no master key inside the vehicle or if the sys
tem does not recogni ze it. For example, the mas
ter key cannot be recognized if it is covered by an
object (e .g . aluminum brief case) which
screens
the radio signal. Electronic devices such as cell
phones can also interfere with the radio signal.
Press brake pedal to start engine
This message appears if you do not press the
brake pedal to start the engine in a vehicle with
an automatic transmission.
Press clutch pedal to start engine
This message appears if you do not press the
clutch pedal to start the engine in a vehicle with
a manual transmission.
Shift to N or P to start engine
This message appears when attempting to start
the engine if the selector lever for the automatic
transmission is not in the P or N position . The .,_
Checking and Filling
-To reduce the risk of being burned, never
open the hood if you see or hear steam or
coolant escaping from the engine compart
ment . Wait until no steam or coolant can be
seen or heard before carefully opening the hood.
- Keep children away from the engine com partment.
- Never spill fluids on hot engine compo
nents. They can cause a fire.
- Never touch the radiator fan. The auxiliary
electric fan is temperature controlled and
can switch on suddenly .
- Never open the coolant reservoir cap when
the engine is still warm. The coolant system is pressurized and hot coolant could spray
out.
- Protect your face, hands and arm from
steam or hot engine coolant by placing a
thick rag over the cap when you open the coolant reservoir.
- Do not remove the engine cover under any
circumstances. This increases the risk of
burns.
- If work on the fuel system or the electrical
system is necessary:
- Always disconnect the battery.
- Never smoke or work near heaters or open
flames. Fluids in the engine compartment could start a fire.
- Keep an approved fire extinguisher imme
diately available.
- To avoid electrical shock and personal injury
while the engine is running or being started,
never touch:
- Ignition cables
- Other components of the high voltage
electronic ignition system .
- If you must perform a check or repair with
the engine running:
- First, fully apply the parking brake, move
selector lever of automatic transmission
192
to "P" (Park); put manual transmission in
Neutral.
- Always use extreme caution to prevent
clothing, jewelry, or long hair from get
ting caught in the radiator fan, V-belts or
other moving parts, or from contacting hot parts . Tie back hair before starting,
and do not wear clothing that will hang or
droop into the engine.
- Minimize exposure to emission and chemi
cal hazards
c::> /.1. .
A WARNING
California Proposition 65 Warning:
- Engine exhaust, some of its constituents, and certain vehicle components contain or
emit chemicals known to the State of Cali
fornia to cause cancer and birth defects and
reproductive harm . In addition, certain flu
ids contained in vehicles and certain prod
ucts of component wear contain or emit
chemicals known to the State of California
to cause cancer and birth defects or other
reproductive harm.
- Battery posts, terminals and related acces
sories contain lead and lead compounds,
chemicals known to the State of California
to cause cancer and reproductive harms .
Wash hands after handling.
(D Note
When adding fluids, always make sure that
they are poured into the proper container or
filler opening, otherwise serious damage to
vehicle systems will occur.
@ For the sake of the environment
To detect leaks in time, inspect the vehicle
floor pan from underneath regularly . If you
see spots from oil or other vehicle fluids, have
your vehicle inspected by an authorized Audi
dealer.
Emergency situations
Raising the vehicle
Lifting with workshop hoist and with floor
jack
Th e vehicle may only b e lift ed at the lifting
poin ts illust rated.
F ig .. 19 2 Fro nt lift ing po int
F ig. 193 Rea r lifti ng po int
.,. Read and heed WARNING ¢ A-
.,. Locate lifti ng po ints ¢ fig . 192 and ¢ fig. 193.
.,. Adjust li fting arms of wo rkshop hoist or floor
jack to match veh icle lifting points.
.,. In se rt a rubb er pad between t he floor jack/
wor kshop hoist a nd the lif ting poin ts .
If you must lift your vehicle with a floor jack to
work underneath, be sure the vehicle is safely
supported on stands intended for this purpose .
Front lifting point
The lift ing po int is located on the floo r pan re in
forcement about at the same leve l as the jack
mo unt ing point ¢
fig. 192 . Do not lift the vehi
cle at the vertical sill rei nforcement.
Rear lifting point
The lift ing po int is located on the vertica l re in
for cement of the lower sill fo r the on board jack
¢fig. 193.
240
Lifting with vehicle jack
Refer to ~ page 229.
A WARNING
- To re duce the r is k of serious injury and vehi
cle dama ge .
- Always lift the vehicle o nly at the special
workshop hois t an d floor jack lift points il
l ustrat ed
~ fig. 192 and ~ fig. 193.
- Failure to lift the v ehicle at these points
could ca use the veh icle to tilt or fall from
a lift if the re is a cha ng e i n ve hicle weigh t
dis tribu tion and ba lan ce . T his mig ht hap
p en, for exa mple, whe n he avy co mpo
n en ts such as the engine block o r tr an s
mission are removed.
- W hen re m ov in g h eavy co mponen ts like
these, an cho r veh icle to hoist or ad d co rre
spond ing weights to ma inta in the ce nter of
gravity . Othe rw ise, the vehicle mi ght t ilt o r
slip off t he hoist, causing serious pe rsonal
in jur y.
(D Note
- Be aware of the fo llowing po ints befo re lift
ing the vehicle:
- The vehicle should never be lifted or
jacked up from underneath the engine oil pan, the transmission housing, the front
or rear axle or the body side members .
This could lead to serious damage .
- To avoid damage to the underbody or
chassis frame, a rubber pad must be in
serted between the floor jack and the lift
points.
- Before driving over a workshop hoist,
check that the vehicle weight does not
exceed the permissible lifting capacity of
the hoist.
- Before driving over a workshop hoist , en
sure that there is sufficient clearance be
tween the hoist and low parts of the ve
h icle.
.... N
0 1-CX)
.... I.Cl U"I
.... I.Cl ....
Technical data
Vehicle identification
F ig. 194 Vehi cle Ident if ication Number (VlN) plate : loca·
tion on dr iver 's side dash panel
XXXXX XX -X -XXXX XXX XX
CD+ ~t :1:: xxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxx
TVP/fffl XXX XXX
XX XXXXXXX XX X X xx
XXX KW XXX
®i ~:J·f lfils~~ XXXX XXX XXX
®-+ ~ N:a=i~l xxxx ; xxxx xxx ; xx
II.· AUSS, I OPTIONS
,__ __
EOA 7D5
2EH JOZ
3FC
FOA
TL6 3KA
lXW
7T6 CV7
3L4 lSA 4UB
6XM 5SG
llB l AS
SMU 7Xl
9G3 OG7 0YH
8EH UlA X98
803 908 824
7K0 4X3 2K2
4KC 3Y0 413
7GB
01A
5RW
18A
OJF QZ7
020
502
4G0
XX . X XX X XX X XXXX
Fig. 195 The vehicle identificat ion label: inside the l ug·
gage compartment
Veh icle Identification Number (VlN )
The Vehicle Identification Number is located in
different p laces:
- under the windshield on the driver's side
~fig. 194.
-in the radio or in the MMI*: Select: !CAR! func
t ion button
> Vehicle ID number (VIN) or se
lect :
I CAR ! funct ion button > Car systems* con
t rol button
> Servicing & checks > VIN num
ber .
-on the vehicle identification label.
Technical data
Vehicle identification label
The vehicle identification label is located in the
luggage compartment near the battery.
The label
~ fig. 195 shows the follow ing vehicle
data:
(D Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
@ Vehicle type, eng ine output, transm ission
@ Engine and transmission code
@ Paint number and interior
® Optional equipment numbers
T he information of the vehicle identification label
can also be found in your Warranty
& Mainte
nance booklet.
Safety compliance sticker
The safety compliance sticker is your assurance
that your new vehicle complies w ith all applicable
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards which
were in effect at the time the vehicle was ma nu
factured. You can find this sticker on the door
jamb on the driver's side. It shows the month and
year of production and the vehicle identification number of your vehicle (perforation) as well as
the Gross Vehicle Weight Rat ing (GVWR) and the
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR).
H igh voltage warning label
The high voltage warning label is located in the
engine compartment next to the engine hood re
lease. The spark ignition system complies with
the Canadian standard ICES-002.
Weights
Gross Vehicle W eight Rating
The Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), and
the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) for front
and rear are listed on a sticker on the door jamb
on the driver 's side.
T he Gross Vehicle Weight Rating includes the
weight of the basic vehicle plus full fuel tank, oil
and coolant, plus maximum load, which includes
passenger weight (150 lbs/68 kg per designated
seating position) and luggage weight
c:> .&, . .,.
241
Index
A
A/C (automatic climate control) . . . . . . . . . . 69
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
adaptive c ruise control
Vehicles with manual transmission . . . . . . 90
Adaptive cruise control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Requ est for driver interv ention . . . . . . . . . . 94
Setting the driving program . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Adaptive dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Adaptive light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Adaptive Light (defective) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Adding Engine coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Windshield washer fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Additional accessories
Add itiv es 246
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Adjustable steering column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Adjusting Air distribution (automat ic climate control) .70
Instrument illuminat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Steering column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Temperature (automatic climate control) . 70
Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29
Warning/indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Adv anced Airb ag-Sys tem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Advanced Airbag System components . . . 135
Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Child restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Components (front a irbags) . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Danger of fitting a child safety seat on the
front passenger seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
F ront airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133, 134
How do the front ai rbags work? . . . . . . . . 137
How many airbags does my vehicle have? 135
How the Advanced Airbag System compo-
nents work together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Important information ........... ... .
Important safety instructions on the knee
airbag system . ............... .... .. .
Knee airbags .. .. .. . .......... .. .. .. .
Monitoring
248
129
145
143
139 PASSENGER AIR BAG
OFF light . . . . . . . . . 139
Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Side airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14S
Side curtain airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Warning/Indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Weight-sensing mat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
When must the system be inspected? . . . 139
all-wheel drive 174
All season tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Alternator
refer to Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Anti-free ze
refer to E ngine coolant system . . . . . . . . . 196
Ant i-lock braking system
Warning/indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 19
Anti-Lock Braking System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Anti-slip regulation
Warning/indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Anti-Slip Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Anti-theft alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Anti-theft systems Electronic immobili ze r .............. ... 37
Armrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Ashtray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Audi braking guard
refer to braking guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Audi drive select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Adaptive dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Dynamic steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Setting the driving mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Sport differential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Audi Se rvice Repair Manuals and Literature 244
AUTO Automatic climate control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Automat ic headl ights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Automatic belt retrac tor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Automatic climate control Air vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Automat ic Shift Lock (ASL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Emergency mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Index
Driving at high speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Leaks under your vehicle .......... ... . 191
Letting the vehicle stand and warm up ... 179
Proper disposal of drained brake fluid . . . 200
Proper disposal of drained engine coolant 198
Proper disposal of drained engine oil 195, 196
Recycling used engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Roof rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Unleaded fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
What should I do with an old battery? 203
EPC
refer to Electronic power control . . . . . . . . 20
Ethyl a lcohol (Fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Event Data Recorder (EDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
E xpansion tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Exterior lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Exterior mirrors
Adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Dimming ... .. .. ................ ... .. 48
Heating. ... .... ................ ..... 47
F
Fan
Radiator 199
Fastening Booster seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Convertible ch ild safety seats . . . . . . . . . . 157
I nfant seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
flexible fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Floor mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Fog lights/rear fog light(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Folding the rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Foot pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
For the sake of the environment
Environmentally-friendly driving . . . . . . . 179
Gasoline fumes and the environment . . . . 188
L ett ing the engine warm up . . . . . . . . . 72, 75
Refueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Saving fuel by early upshifting . . . . . . . . . . 11
Front airbags Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
H ow they work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Frontal collisions and the laws of physics . . 122
F ront passenger's door emergency locking . . 36
252
Front seats
Adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Child restra ints in the front seat . . . . . . . . 130
Fuel Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
B lended gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Gasoline additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Low fuel level symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Octane rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Refuelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Sav ing fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Tank capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Tank system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Unlocking the fuel filler flap by hand . . . . 190
Fuel economy messages (efficiency program) .28
Fuel filler flap Unlocking the fuel filler flap by hand . . . . 190
Fuses Assignment ................ 232, 233, 234
Replacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
G
Garage door opener (Homelink) . . . . . . . . . . 41
Garment hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Gas discharge lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Gauges Engine coolant temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Gear recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Gearshift indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Gearshift lever 6-speed manual transmission . . . . . . . . . . . 82
General illustration Instruments and contro ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Generator Warning/indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Glossary of tire and loading terminology .. 207
Glove compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Valet parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
GPS controlled clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) . . . . . 241