2015 VOLVO XC90 engine

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
302
Perpendicular parking
Procedure for perpendicular parking
PAP helps park the vehicle as follows:
1. The system searches for and measures a
possible parking space. While this is being done, the vehicle's speed may not exceedapprox. 12 mph ( 20 km/h).
2. The vehicle is steered as it backs into the parking space and its position is adjusted inthe space by moving forward and rearward.
WARNING
• PAP does not function in all situations and is only intended to assist the driverduring parallel or perpendicular parking.
• As the driver, you have full responsibilityfor parking the vehicle in a safe manner.
Related information
•
Using Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* (p. 302)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* limitations (p. 305)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* symbols and mes-
sages (p. 307)
Using Park Assist Pilot (PAP) *
Park Assist Pilot (PAP) gives the driver instruc- tions during the parking procedure.
Symbols, images and text in the center display indicate when the various steps in the parkingprocedure will be carried out. PAP can be activated if the following conditions are met after the engine has started:
• The vehicle may not be towing a trailer.
• The vehicle's speed must be below approx. 30 mph (50 km/h).
NOTE
If a trailer hitch is configured in the vehicle's electrical system, PAP will take the trailerhitch into consideration when determining thenecessary size of a parking space.
ParkingProcedure for parking:
1. The system searches for and measures a
possible parking space.
2. The vehicle is steered while it is backing into the parking space.
3. The vehicle's position is adjusted in the park- ing space by moving forward and rearward.

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
308
Adjustable steering force *
Steering force increases with the speed of the vehicle to give the driver an enhanced sense ofcontrol and stability. At low speed the vehicle iseasier to steer in order to facilitate parking, etc.
Changing the steering force level1.
Tap Settings in the center display's Top
view.
2. Tap
My CarDrive ModeSteering
force.
3. Select
Low, Medium or High to set the
desired level.
NOTE
• This steering force level menu function cannot be accessed when the vehicle isin motion.
• In certain situations, the power steeringfunction may become too hot and mustbe temporarily cooled. During cooling,power steering effect will be reduced andmore force may be necessary to turn thesteering wheel and a message will bedisplayed in the instrument panel.
Related information
•
Driver support systems (p. 240)
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) helps reduce wheel spin, counteract skidding and to generallyhelp improve directional stability.
A pulsating sound will be audi- ble when the system is activelyoperating and is normal. Accel-eration may also be slightlyslower than normal.
WARNING
ESC is a supplementary aid and cannot deal with all situations or road conditions. The driver is always responsible for operating the vehicle in a safe manner in accordancewith current traffic regulations.
ESC consists of the following functions: • Traction control
• Spin control
• Active Yaw Control
• Engine Drag Control
• Trailer Stability Assist
Traction controlThis function is designed to help reduce wheel spin by transferring power from a drive wheel that begins to lose traction to the wheel on the oppo-site side of the vehicle (on the same axle).
Spin controlThis function is designed to help prevent thedrive wheels from spinning while the vehicle isaccelerating.
Active Yaw ControlAt low speeds, this function helps maintain direc-tional stability by braking one or more of thewheels if the vehicle shows a tendency to skid orslide laterally.
Engine Drag Control EDCEDC helps keep the engine running if the wheelsshow a tendency to lock, e.g., when shifting downin the manual shifting mode or while using theengine's braking function on a slippery surface. Ifthe wheels were to lock, the vehicle wouldbecome more difficult to steer.
Trailer Stability Assist
*7TSA helps stabilize a vehicle that is towing atrailer when the vehicle and trailer have begun tosway. This system is automatically deactivated if the driver selects
Sport mode.
Related information
•Detachable trailer hitch (p. 353)
• Driving with a trailer (p. 351)
7
This function is included if the vehicle is equipped with a Volvo original trailer hitch.

DRIVER SUPPORT
309
•
Trailer Stability Assist (TSA) (p. 354)
• Electronic Stability Control (ESC) sport mode (p. 309)
• Electronic Stability Control (ESC) symbolsand messages (p. 310)
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) sport mode
ESC is always activated and cannot be switched off.
However, the driver can select Sport mode,
which offers more active driving characteristics. In Sport mode, the engine management system
monitors movement of the accelerator pedal and steering wheel for sportier driving and allowsmore lateral movement of the rear wheels beforeESC is triggered. Under certain circumstances, such as when driv- ing with snow chains, or driving in deep snow orloose sand, it may be advisable to temporarily use Sport mode for maximum tractive force.
If the driver releases pressure on the accelerator pedal, ETC will also activate to help stabilize thevehicle.
Activating/deactivating Sport modeIn the center display's Function view, tap ESC Sport Mode.
The green indicator light in the button will illuminate to showthat the function has been acti-vated or gray when the functionis deactivated.
When Sport mode is activated, this
symbol will illuminate in the instrument panel. It will remain on until the driverdeactivates the function. ETC will also
return to normal mode when the engine is restar-ted.
Related information
• Electronic Stability Control (ESC) (p. 308)

DRIVER SUPPORT
310
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) symbols and messages Electronic Stability Control (ESC) helps reduce wheel spin, counteract skidding and to generallyhelp improve directional stability.
SymbolMessageDescription
Steady glow for 2 seconds when the engine is started.The system is performing a self-diagnostic test.
Flashing symbol.ESC is actively functioning to help counteract wheel spin and/or a skid.
Steady glow.Sport mode has been activated.
Please note that ESC is not deactivated at this time but its functionality is reduced.
ESC Temporarily offSee the message in the instrument panel.

DRIVER SUPPORT
311
SymbolMessageDescription
ESC Temporarily offThe ESC system function has been temporarily reduced due to high brake disc temperature. The function reac- tivates automatically when the brakes have cooled.
ESC Service requiredThe ESC system is not functioning properly.
• Stop the vehicle in a safe place, turn off the engine and restart it.
• If the message is still displayed when the engine has restarted, drive to an authorized Volvo workshop to have the system inspected.
WARNING
The stability system is intended to help improve driving safety. It supplements, but cannever replace, the driver's judgment andresponsibility when operating the vehicle.Speed and driving style should always beadapted to traffic and road conditions.
Related information
• Electronic Stability Control (ESC) (p. 308)

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.317
Blind Spot Information (BLIS)*
On/Off The Blind Spot Information function can be acti- vated/deactivated.
Blind Spot Information indicators
Indicator light
Blind Spot Information symbol
Blind Spot Information can be activated/deacti- vated in the center display's Function view.
–In Function view, tap BLIS.
> When Blind Spot Information is activated/ deactivated, the indicator light in the but- ton will be green/gray.
If BLIS is activated when the engine is started,the indicator lights in the door mirrors will flashonce. If BLIS is deactivated when the engine isswitched off, it will remain off the next time theengine is started and the indicator lights in thedoor mirrors will not illuminate.
Related information
•
Blind Spot Information (BLIS)
* (p. 315)
Blind Spot Information (BLIS) *
limitations
Blind Spot Information functionality may be reduced in certain situations.
• Dirt, ice and snow on the sensors may reduce functionality and prevent the systemfrom providing warnings.
• Do not attach any objects, tape, decals, etc.,on the surface of the sensors.
• BLIS is deactivated if a trailer is attached tothe vehicle's electrical system.

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.319
•
An audible signal indicates that CTA has detected something that is approaching fromthe side. The signal will come from either theleft or right infotainment system speakers,depending on which the side of your vehiclethe approaching vehicle/ object has beendetected.
• A warning is indicated using the Park Assist
*
system's graphic in the instrument panel.
• An icon is also shown in the Park Assist Camera's
* Top view.
Related information
• Activating/deactivating Cross Traffic Alert(CTA)
* (p. 319)
• Blind Spot Information (BLIS)
* with Cross
Traffic Alert (CTA) * symbols and messages
(p. 322)
• Cross Traffic Alert (CTA)
* limitations (p. 320)
Activating/deactivating Cross Traffic Alert (CTA) *
Cross Traffic Alert (CTA) can be activated/deac- tivated separately from Blind Spot Information(BLIS).
CTA is activated/deactivated in the center display's Functionview.
–Tap Cross Traffic Alert in Function view.
> CTA activates/deactivates (the indicator light in the button will be green/gray).
CTA is activated when the engine is started.
WARNING
• BLIS and CTA are information systems, NOT warning or safety systems and donot function in all situations.
• BLIS and CTA do not eliminate the needfor you to visually confirm the conditionsaround you, and the need for you to turnyour head and shoulders to make surethat you can safely change lanes or backup.
• As the driver, you have full responsibilityfor changing lanes/backing up in a safemanner.
Related information
•
Cross Traffic Alert (CTA)
* (p. 318)
• Blind Spot Information (BLIS)
* On/Off
(p. 317)

STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
330
Starting and driving The vehicle is equipped with features that sup- plement its basic functions, such as shifting gears with steering wheel paddles * and the fuel-
conserving start/stop function.
The vehicle is equipped with an automatic trans- mission that also makes it possible to shift gearsmanually. Certain functions can also be used when the engine is not running, depending on the ignitionmode being used.
Related information
• Starting the engine (p. 356)
• Ignition modes (p. 355)
• Automatic transmission (p. 367)
• Opening/closing the fuel filler door (p. 348)
• Start/Stop (p. 364)
• Parking brake (p. 335)
Brakes The brake system is a hydraulic system consist- ing of two separate brake circuits. If a problemshould occur in one of these circuits, it is stillpossible to stop the vehicle with the other brakecircuit.
Brake systemIf one of the brake circuits is not functioning, more pressure will be needed on the brake pedal(and the pedal will go down farther) for normalbraking effect. If the brake pedal must be depressed farther than normal and requires greater foot pressure,the stopping distance will be longer. Pressure on the brake pedal is enhanced by the power braking function. The power brakes only function when the engine is running. If the power brakes are not working, considerably higher pressure will be required on the brakepedal to compensate for the lack of power assis-tance. This can happen for example when towingyour vehicle or if the engine is switched off whenthe vehicle is rolling. The brake pedal feels stifferthan usual. When the Hill Start Assist function is being used, it will take slightly longer for the brake pedal toreturn to its normal position if the vehicle isparked on an incline or uneven surface. When driving in very hilly areas or if the vehicle iscarrying a heavy load, manual gear shifting canbe used (move the gear selector toward +/-) forengine braking to augment the brakes. Hill Descent Control or the
Off Road*
driving mode
can also be used to increase the engine braking effect at low speeds.
Anti-lock Braking System ABSThe ABS system helps to improve vehicle control (stopping and steering) during severe brakingconditions by limiting brake lockup. When ABS is operating, there may be some vibration in the brake pedal, which is normal. The system performs a brief self-diagnostic test when the engine has been started and driverreleases the brake pedal. Another automatic testmay be performed when the vehicle first reachesa speed of approximately 6 mph (10 km/h). Thebrake pedal will pulsate several times and asound may be audible from the ABS controlmodule, which is normal.
Cleaning the brake discsCoatings of dirt and water on the brake discsmay result in delayed brake function. This delay isminimized by cleaning the brake linings. Cleaning the brake pads is advisable in wet weather, prior to long-term parking, and after thevehicle has been washed. Do this by braking gen-tly for a short period while the vehicle is moving.