2 Table of contents Vehicle literature .. .. .. .. .. ... .
5
About this Owner's Manual . . . 6
Controls and equipment .. ... .
Ins truments and controls .. . .
General illus tration .... ... .. .. ... .
Instruments and warning /
indicator lights ........ .. .. .. . .
Ins truments . .. .. ..... ... .. .. ... .
War ning/ indi cator lights ... .. ... .. .
Driver information d isplay .. . .
Overview ... ... .. ..... ... .. .. ... .
Operation . .... .. ..... ... .. .. ... .
Trip computer . ........... .... ... .
Time and date display ..... .. .. .. . .
Odometer .. ........ ..... .. ..... .
Open doo r/hood/ rear lid warning .. . .
E fficiency p rogram ......... ... .. . .
S ervice in terval d isp lay .... .. .. ... .
On -Board D ia gnostic system ( OBD) . . . 8
8
8
1 0
1 0
11
2 0
20
2 1
22
23
23
23
24
2 5
26
Ele ctr onic spee d lim iter . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
Opening and closing .. .. .. .. . .
Powe r locking sy stem ..... .. .. .. . .
Rear lid ..... .. .. ..... ... .. .. ... .
C hil d safety locks . ..... ... .. .. ... .
Power win dows .. ..... ... .. .. ... .
Panorama s unroof ........ .. .. ... .
Clear vision .. .. ..... ... .. .. ... .
Lights . .. .. .. . .......... .. .. ... .
Inter ior lights ............. ... ... .
V 1s 1on . ...... ........... .... ... .
W iper and washer system . ... .. .. . .
Di gita l compass ........... ... .. . .
Seats and storage ...... ..... . .
Ge neral recomme ndat ions ..... .. . .
F ront sea ts .... .... ...... .. .. .. . .
H ead re straints .......... .. .. .. . .
Ashtr ay .. .. ............. ....... .
C igare tte lig hte r . ...... ... .. .. ... .
1 2- vo lt sockets . .. ..... ... .. .. ... .
Sto rage ..... .. .. ..... ... .. .. ... . 28
2
8
3 4
3 6
37
38
4 0
40
43
44
46
4 8
so
so
51
5 2
53
53
5 4
54
Descr ipt ion and mo unt ing locations . . 57 L
oad ing the roof rack . .. ..... .... . .
Luggage compartment . ..... ... .. .
Warm and cold .. ... ..... ... .. .
Climate control . .... .. ..... .... . .
On the road ... .. ... ..... ... .. .
Stee ring . ..... .. .. .... .... ... .. .
Ig nit ion lock ..... ... .. ..... .... . .
Convenience key .. ... .......... .. .
D river messages .. ............... .
E lectromechanical parking brake . .. .
Speed warning system . .......... . .
Cru ise cont ro l .. .. ............... .
Audi side assist .............. .
Lane change ass istant . .......... . .
Audi dr ive select ... ... ..... .. .
Driving set tings .. ..... ......... . .
Automatic transmission ... .. .
tiptron ic .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ..... .
Parking systems
58
59
63
63
66
66
66
68
70
70
73
73
75
75
79
79
81
81
87
Genera l information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Rea r parking syste m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
P a rking system plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Rea r view came ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Adjus ting the display and the w arning
tones ... .. .... .. .. ... ..... ... .. . 93
E rror messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
T ra ile r hitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Safety fir st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Driving Safely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Genera l notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Proper occ upant seating positions . . . 95
Pedal area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Stow ing luggage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Reporting Sa fety Defects . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Safety belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
General notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Why safety belts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Safe ty be lts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Sa fe ty be lt pretensioners . . . . . . . . . . 110
(!) Door handle
@ Power locking sw it ch . .. .. .. .
@ LED fo r centra l loc king/a nti-
theft a larm system . .... .. .. .
@ Side assist button .. .... .. .. .
® Side assist warn ing lamp .. .. .
@ Light switch . ... .... ... .. .. .
(J) A ir outlets with thumbwheel
@ Turn signa l and high beam . .. .
® M ultifunction steering wheel
with:
- Horn
- Driver's airbag
- Driver information system but-
tons . .. ... ....... ... .. .. .
- Audio/video, telephone, navi gation and vo ice recognition
buttons
- Programmable steering wheel
button . .. ........... .. .. .
- Shift padd les ........ .. .. .
@ Instrument cluste r ...... ... .
@ Switches for windshie ld wiper/
washer . ..... ...... ... .. .. .
@ I STAR T ENGINE STOP ! button
@ Parking brake ......... .... .
~ Starting the eng ine if there is a
malfunction, or ignit ion lock . . 32
28
75
75
40
41
1 16
20
22
84
10
46
68
70
69
@ Steer ing whee l adjustment . . . 66
@ Lever for cruise control system 73
@ Data L ink Connector for On
Board Diagnostics (OBD II) . . . . 26
@ Ins trument i llum ination . . . . . . 44
@ Eng ine hood release . . . . . . . . . 179
@ Rear lid sw itch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
@ Power exterior mir ro r adjust-
ment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
@ Power wi ndow switches . . . . . . 37
@ Child safety lock bu ttons . . . . . 3 7
@ Button/Indicator light for:
~ - E mergency flas he rs . . . . . . . . 43
~ -PASSENGER AIRBAG OFF 0
~ @ Info tainmen t disp lay (not folda -,....,
~ ble)
5 @ Glove compartment . . . . . . . . . S5
Instrument s and control s 9
@ Front Passenger's airbag .. ...
@ MMI controls
@) Buttons/Indicator lights fo r:
- Drive se lect ..... .. .. ..... .
- Parking system p lus (with
rearview camera) ... .... .. .
- Elect ron ic Stabilization Con-
trol (ESC) ..... . .. .. ..... .
- P arking system ........... .
- Hi ll descent ass ist ........ .
@ Climate controls .. ... ...... .
@ Selector lever ........ ..... .
@ Cen ter console w ith:
- (upholder . .. ............ .
- Cigarette lighter . ... .... .. .
- 12 -volt -socket
(D Tips 116
79
88
155
87
155 64
81
S5
53
54
Some of the equipment or features show n
i n the general i llus tration may be standa rd
equipment on yo ur vehicle or may be op
tiona l equipment depend ing on your mod
e l. Always ask your authorized Audi dea ler
if you have a quest ion about your vehicle.
M N
M N
0 ::i co ,...., \!) 1.1'1 ,...., 1.1'1 ,....,
Warm and cold Climate control
Description
The climate control system warms, cools and
adds humidity to the a ir in the veh icle inter io r.
It is the most effect ive when the windows and
sunroof are closed . If the re is a build-up of
h eat inside the vehicle, ventilation can help to
speed up the cooling process .
Condensat ion from the cooling sys tem can
drip and form a puddle of water under the ve
hicle. This is normal and does not mean there
is a leak .
Pollution filter
The po llution filte r removes impuri ties, such
as dus t and po llen, from the air.
The air pollutants filter must be changed at
the intervals spec ified in you r Wa rra nty
&
M aintenance book let, so tha t the air condi
tioner can prope rly work .
If you drive your vehicle in an area with h igh
a ir po llution, the fi lter may need to be
changed more frequent ly than specified in
your Aud i Warr anty
& Ma intenance booklet. If
in doubt, ask your authorized A udi Service Ad
visor for advice .
A WARNING
Reduced visibility is dangero us and can
cause accidents.
-
- For safe dr iv ing it is very important that
all windows be free of ice, snow and con
densation.
Warm and c old 63
-Comp letely fam iliarize yourse lf with the
proper use and f unct ion of the heat ing
a nd venti lation system and especially
how to defog and defrost the w indows.
- Never use the windshield wiper/washer
system in freez ing weather unt il you
have warmed the w indshield first, using
the heating and ve ntilation system. The
washer sol ution may freeze on the wi nd
shie ld and re duce visib ility.
0 Note
- If you suspect that the air conditioner
has been damaged, switch t he system
off to avoid furt her damage and have it
in spec ted by a q ual ified dea lership.
- Repairs to the Audi air conditioner re
quire specia l te ch nical know ledge and
speci al to ols. Conta ct an autho rized Aud i
dea ler fo r ass istance.
(® For the sake of the environment
B y reducing the a mou nt of f uel you use,
you also reduce the amount of pollu tants
emitted in to the air.
(D Tips
- Keep the air intake s lots ( in fro nt of the
w indshield) free from ice, snow and de
br is in order to maintain the proper f unc
t ion of the climate control sys tem.
- T he e nergy m ana gement system m ay
switch the seat heating * or rear window
defroster off temporari ly . These systems
are available again as soon as the energy
balance has been resto red.
64 Warm and cold
Operation
We recommend pressing the IAU TOI button and setting the temperature to 72 °F (22 °C) .
)-~~~
•I;. .. Q
Fig. 72 Dua l-zon e auto mat ic cl imate control: co ntrols
The functions can be switched on and off by
pressing the buttons . The LED in the corre
sponding button lights up when the function is switched on .
IOFFI Switching the climate control
sy stem on /off
ThelOFFI b utton is used to switch the climate
control system on and off . When the climate
control system is switched off, the supp ly of
a ir from outside the car is cut off .
IA/Cl Switching cooling mode on /off
When the cooling mode is switched off, the
a ir is ne ither cooled nor dehumidif ied. The
windows may m ist up as a result. The cooling
mode is sw itched off automatically at low o ut
side temperatures (below zero) .
1~ 1 Switching r ecirculat ion mod e on /off
In recirculation mode, the air from the interi
or of the vehicle is filtered and recirculated .
This setting prevents fumes etc. from enter- 0
mil
--f-~
REAR ~~ -=-
ing the inte rior . We recommend switch ing on
the ai r recirculation mode when driving
t h ro ugh a tunne l or in traff ic queues ~.&. .
T he air reci rcul atio n mo de is switched off
whe n the !AUTO
I o r~ button is pressed .
T o sw itch on the automatic air recircu lation
mode, press the
1 ""' ·1 b utt on again . The top
LE D in the but ton will lig ht up. The air reci rc u
lation mode wi ll be switched on automat ica lly
if you reverse the ve hicle while the engine is
cold. If coo ling mode (A/C) is sw itched off and
the weather is extremely c old, the automatic
air recircu lation will on ly operate for a limited
t ime .
IAU TOI
Switching automatic mode on /off
T he automatic mode maintains a constant
temperature inside the vehicle. Air tempera
ture, output and d istribution are regulated
automat ica lly. ..,.
210 Tire s and wheel s
The relat ive performance of tires depends
upon the actua l conditions of their use, how
ever, and may depart sign ificantly from the
norm due to va riat ions in dr iving habits, serv
ice practices and differences in road character
istics and climate.
Tr action
The traction grades , from highest to lowest,
are AA, A, Band
C. Those g rades represent the
tire's ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled cond itions on
specified government test surfaces of asphalt
and concrete . A tire marked C may have poor
traction performance ¢.&, .
Temperature
The tempera ture grades are A (the h ighest),
B, and
C, represen ting the tire's resistance to
the generat ion of heat and its abi lity to dissi
pate heat when tested under controlled cond i
tions on a specified indoor laboratory test
wheel.
Sustained high temperature can cause the
material of the tire to degenerate and reduce
tire life, and excessive temperature can lead
to sudden ti re fa il ur e~ .&, .
The grade
C corresponds to a level of perform
ance which all passenger ca r tires must meet
u nder the Federa l Motor Veh icle Safety Stand
a rd No.
1 09. Grades Band A represent higher
l eve ls of performance on the laboratory test
wheel than the minimum required by law .
A WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is
based on straight-ahead braking traction
tests, and does not include acceleration,
cornering , hydroplan ing or peak traction
character istics.
A WARNING
The temperature grade for this t ire is es
tablished for a t ire that is properly inflated
and not overloaded . Excessive speed, un
derinflation, or excessive loading, eithe r
-
separately or in combination, can ca use
heat bui ldup and possib le tire failure .
Winter tires
Winter tires can improve vehicle handling on
snow and ice. At temperatures below 45 °F ( 7 °C) we recommend changing to winter
tires.
In some heavy snow areas , local governments
may require true winter or "snow" tires, those
with very deeply cut tread . These tires should
only be used in pairs and be installed on all
four wheels . Make sure you purchase snow
tires that are the same s ize and construction
type as the othe r tires on your vehicle .
Your vehicle is equipped with all wheel drive,
th is will improve traction during winter driv
i ng, even with the standa rd t ires. However, we
strong ly recommend that you always equip all
four wheels on you r vehicle wi th cor rectly fit
ted win ter tires o r all -season tires, when win
te r road cond itions are expected . This also im
proves the vehicle's braking performance and
reduces stopping distances.
Summe r tires provide less grip on i ce and
snow.
Winter tires (snow tires) must always be fitted on all four whee ls .
Ask your author ized Audi dealer or qualified
workshop for permitted
winter tir e siz es. Use
on ly rad ial winter t ires .
Winter tires lose their effectiveness when the
tread is worn down to a depth of
O .15 7 inch
(4 mm).
Only drive w ith w inter t ires under winter con
ditions. Summer t ires handle better when
there is no snow or ice on the roads and the
temperature is above 45 °F (7 °() .
If you have a flat ti re, see notes on spare
whee l¢
page 206 .
Please always remember that winter tires may
have a lower speed rating than the tires origi-
nally installed on your vehicle at the time it .,.
M N
M N
0 ::i co ,...., \!) 1.1'1 ,...., 1.1'1 ,....,
No.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
26
27
28
Consumer
A ir quality/outside air sen-
sor, heated washer jets,
Electronic Stabilization Con-
trol (button), reversing
light, electromechanical
parking brake, o il level sen-
sor, climate control, seat oc-
cup ied recognit ion system,
seat heating, contro ls in
center console, automatic
dimming mirrors
Eng ine control u nit, auto-
matic transmiss ion, bra ke
l ights, electro-mechanical
power steer ing, gateway
control un it, towing bracket
control unit, ESC contro l
unit, light switch, damping
control un it
H eadlight leveling, park ing
brake contro l unit, inst ru-
men t lighting, headlights,
diagnostic connector, adap-
tive light control unit, heat-
er for crankcase, air mass
meter, relay for electr ical
sockets, DC/DC converter
Parking aid
Reversing camera for park-
i ng a id
TV tuner
Eng ine starter cont ro l unit,
DC/DC converter
ESC control unit, air condi-
tioner controls, interface for
spec ial functions
e lectromechanical parking
b rake switch, switches for
interior lighting (front), di-
agnostic connector, light
switch, rain and light sensor,
humidity sensor
Rear window wiper
Starter control un it
Radio/MM I
Amps
5
7,5 10 5
5
5 5
s
10
15
40
15/7,5
Fu ses and bulb s 225
No. Consumer Amps
29
Supply for reversing camera
15 for park ing aid and TV tuner
30 Infot ainment 5
31
Infotainment 5
32
Instr ument cluster 5
33
Automatic dimming rear-
view m irror
10
E lectrica l socket in front
36 cabin, electrical socket in 20
luggage compartment
37 Electr ica l soc ket i n rear cab-
20 in, ciga rette lighter
38 Automatic transmission 15
44
Rear window hea ting 30
45
Parking brake control unit 20
48
Power-operated rear lid 30
so B lower 40
51
Parking brake control unit 20
52
On board supply control unit 20
53
Seat heating, front 30
54
Panoram ic sun roof 20
55
Sun b lind for panorama sun 20
roof
56
Contro l unit fo r suspension
20 cont rol
Engine compartment fuse assignment
The fuse number is given on the plastic be
neath or above the correspond ing fuse.
No. Electrical equipment
amps
1 Power supply for automatic 5 transmission
2
E lectronic Stabilizat ion Con-
30 t ro l (E SC)
3 Horn 15
4
DC/DC converter 40
5
Onboard supply control unit 5
6
BCM (righ t-side) 30
7
Washer pump 20
8
BCM ( left -side) 30
•
•
242 Index .:..:..:..::....::..
...:..._ ___________________________ _
A
A/C (automatic climate control) .. .... .. 64
Accessories .. ... ... ... .... .. .. .. .. . 239
Adaptive cruise control Cleaning the sensor ....... .. .. .... . 171
Adapt ive light ............. .. .. .. .. .. 40
Adapt ive Light (defective) ....... .. .. .. 18
Adding Engine coolant ............. .. .... . 187
Engine oil .... ........... .. .. .... . 184
W indshield washer fluid ... .... .. .. . 193
Additional accessories
Addit ives 239
E ng ine oil .... ........... .. .. .... . 184
Adjustable steering column .... .. .... .. 66
Adjusting Air distribution (automatic climate con-
trol) ... .. .. .............. ... .. .. .. 65
Front seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Instrument illumination ... .. .. .. .. . .
44
Steering column ...... .... .. .. .. .. .. 66
Temperature (automat ic climate control) 65
Airbag
Warning/indicator lights ....... .... .. 16
A irba g system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112, 128
Advanced Airbag System ........... . 116
Advanced Airbag System components . 119
Care ... .... ................ ..... . 126
Children .................. .. .... . 134
Child restraints ........... .. .. .... . 135
Components (front airbags) . . . . . . . . . 119
Danger of fitting a child safety seat on
the front passenger seat . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Disposal . .. ... .......... .. .. .. .. . 126
Front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 117
H ow do the front airbags work? . .. .. . 121
How many airbags does my vehicle
have? .................... .. .... . 119
How the Advanced Airbag System com-
ponen ts work together ...... .. .... . 120
Important things to know .... .. .... . 112
Indicator light .............. ... .. . 123
Monitoring ................. ... ... 123
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF l ight .. .. .. . 123
Repairs .. .. ... .......... .. .. .. .. . 126
Safety instructions ........ .. .. .... . 125
Side airbags ................ ..... . 127 Side
curtain airbags ............... .
Weight-sensing mat .............. .
When must the system be inspected?
Alcantara Cleaning .. .... .. ............. ... .
All -wheel drive .. .. ..... ........... .
Selective wheel torque control
All wheel drive 130
134
123
173
158
153
Winter tires ... .. ............. .. .. 210
Alternator
refer to Generator ................ .. 15
Anti-freeze
refer to E ng ine coolant system . .. .. . .
Anti-lock brake system ............. . .
Anti- lock braking system 186
153
Warning/indicator lights ............. 16
Anti-slip regulation ... .......... .. .. 153
Warning/indicator lights .......... .. . 16
Anti-theft alarm warning system ... .. .. . 28
Anti-theft systems Electronic immobilizer ............... 33
Ashtray .... .... .. ............. .... . 53
Asterisk What does it mean when something is marked with an asterisk? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Audi drive select
refer to Drive select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Audi Service Repair Manuals and Litera-
ture 237
AUTO Automat ic climate control . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Automat ic headl ights ............ .. . 40
Auto Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Automatic be lt retractor ............. 107
Automat ic climate control
Air out lets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Changing temperature units ..... .. .. . 65
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Synchronisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Automat ic Shift Lock (ASL) ........ ... . 82
Automatic transmiss ion .......... .... . 81
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) ...... .... . 82
Driving ... .. ... ... ... .. ..... ... .. . 82
Emergency mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Kick-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Manual shift program .......... .. .. . 84
Removal lock (ignit ion key) ........ .. . 66
M N
M N
0 ::i co ,...., \!) ..,.,
,...., ..,., ,....,
Selector lever ...................... 81
Selector lever emergency release . . . . . . 86
Automatic wipers .......... .... .. .... 46
Auto Safety Hotline ........ .. .. .. .. . 101
Average speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Avoid damaging the vehicle ...... ... .. 161
B
Bass box .. .. ............. .... .. .. . 217
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 190
Battery location inside the luggage com-
partment .. .. ........... .. .. .. ... 190
Charging . .. ............. .... .. ... 192
Important warnings when working on
the battery . ................ ... ... 190
Jump starting .... .. ...... .. .. .. .. . 228
Low ... .. .. .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. .. . 159
Replacing the battery ..... .. .. .. .. . 193
State of charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Winter operation ............ ... .. . 190
Working on the battery ....... ... .. . 190
Before driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Blended gasoline .......... .... .. .. . 17 5
Blower (automatic climate control) . . . . . . 65
Booster seats ................ ... ... 141
Brake fluid Changing the brake fluid ... .. .. .. .. . 189
Checking the brake fluid level . .. .. .. . 189
Reservoir .. ... ... .... ... .. .. .. .. . 189
What is the correct brake fluid level? .. 189
What should I do if the brake fluid warn-
ing light comes on? ....... .. .. .. .. . 189
Brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Brake assist system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Brake fluid ........... ...... .... .. 189
Brake fluid specifications for refill and re-
placement . ............. .... .. .. . 189
Brake light defective ...... .. .. .. .. .. 18
Brake power assist unit ...... .. .. .. . 156
Brakes ..... .. ................ .... 156
Electromechanical parking brake .. .. .. 70
General information ......... ... .. . 156
Warning/indicator lights ..... .. .. .. .. 13
Worn brake pads symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Braking Emergency braking function . . . . . . . . . . 72
Starting on inclines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Index 243
Break-in period . ..... ............... 161
Tires 161
Bul bs ........ .. .. ................. 226
C
California Proposition 65 Warning ... .. 180
Battery specific .................. . 191
Capacities .. .. .. .. ............... .. 235
Caps for wheel bolts, removing ...... .. 220
Carbon parts Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172, 173
Care ....... .. .. .. ................. 170
Cargo area
refer to Loading the luggage compart-
ment ....... .. .... ............... 100
Catalytic converter ................. . 161
Center armrest Adjusting . .. .. .. .. ............... . 51
Storage compartment . ...... ..... .. . 51
Central locking . ..... ................ 28
Central locking switch ............... 32
Convenience key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Remote control key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Changing a flat tire ... . .. .. .. .... .... 218
Changing a wheel ...... ............. 218
Changing engine oil .. ........... .... 185
Checking Engine coolant level ............... . 186
Checking tire pressure .............. . 201
Child restraints
Danger of using child restraints in the
front seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
System anchors .. .. .............. . 146
Where can I get additional information
about child restraints and their use? .. 151
Child safety ... .. ...... ........... .. 133
Convertible locking retractor ........ . 143
Important safety instructions for using
child safety seats ... .............. . 136
Important things to know when driving
with children .. .. ............... .. 133
Installing a child restraint using the
LATCH system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Mounting and releasing the anchorage
hook ... .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ..... .. 148
•
•