2014 TESLA MODEL S mileage

Driving Tips to Maximize RangeYou can maximize your driving range usingthe same driving habits that you use to
conserve fuel in a gasoline-powered vehicle. In
addition to driving habits, energy
consumption depends on environmental conditions (such as cold weather and hillyroads). To get the maximum mileage from a
charge:
• Avoid frequent and rapid acceleration. • Instead of using the brake to slow down, move your foot off the accelerator.
Whenever Model S is moving and your
foot is off the accelerator, regenerative
braking slows down Model S and feeds
surplus energy back to the Battery (see
Regenerative Braking on page 59).
• Keep tires at the recommended inflation pressures (see Tire Care and Maintenance
on page 100).
• Lighten your load by removing any unnecessary cargo.
• Limit the use of resources such as heating and air conditioning. Using seat heaters to
keep warm is more efficient than heating the cabin. You can turn on Range mode toautomatically limit the power of theclimate control system (see Settings on
page 69).
The power meter on the instrument panel and
the Energy app provide feedback on energy
usage. With this feedback, you will soon become familiar with how driving habits andenvironmental conditions impact how muchenergy Model S is using.
Saving Energy
Model S has an energy-saving feature that
reduces the amount of energy being consumed when Model S is not in use. TouchControls > Displays > Energy Saving and
choose from the following options:
• OFF . All display systems remain powered
when Model S is not in use, providing the
most responsive experience. More energy
is consumed.
• NIGHTLY . Model S shifts to the energy-
saving mode at night (10 pm to 5 am).
• ON. Significantly less energy is consumed
whenever Model S is not in use. The start-
up time of the instrument panel and
Bluetooth could be slower.
• Always Connected . Preserves cell
connectivity when energy saving is active.
This allows the mobile app to connect toModel S more quickly, and provides
immediate 3G internet access when entering the car. Slightly more energy isconsumed.
Getting Maximum Range
Driving57

During Navigation
During navigation, the touchscreen displays the navigation route on the map, and a turn-
by-turn direction list that includes estimated driving time, mileage, and arrival time.Depending on the map’s zoom level, youmight not be able to see the entire route. Butas you drive, the map shows your location on
the map.
The instrument panel also displays directions to your destination and you hear spoken
instructions.
Model S detects real-time traffic conditions
and automatically adjusts the estimated
driving and arrival times based on traffic conditions. In situations where traffic
conditions will delay your estimated time of
arrival and an alternate route is available,
Model S reroutes you to your destination. You
can turn this feature off by touching
Controls > Settings > Apps > Maps &
Navigation > Traffic-Based Routing .
Note: Traffic-based navigation is a BETA
feature in Release 6.0.
When you display the traffic layer on the map,
green traffic lines display under the route line,
whereas yellow and red traffic lines display on
top of the route line to ensure that heavy
traffic areas are easy to identify.
Model S can also monitor traffic to your work
location (on weekday mornings) and to your
home location (on weekday evenings) and
advise you if there is a better route in
situations where traffic conditions will cause a delay. You can set the time savings required
before the advice is given by touching
Controls > Settings > Apps > Maps &
Navigation > Min Improvement for Commute
Advice .
Note: Commute advice is available only if you
have saved a Home and Work Location
(described below).
Favorite Destinations If you frequently navigate to a destination,
you may want to add it as a Favorite to avoid having to enter the location's name or address
each time. When you add a destination as a
Favorite, you can easily navigate to it by touching PLACES, then selecting it from the
list of Favorites. The Favorites list has placeholders for your Home and Worklocations. In fact, Model S may prompt you to
save a current location as Home or Work
based on your usage pattern.Add any destination to your list of
Favorites by either touching its flag
while navigating to it, or by
displaying it on the map then
touching its pin. Then, in the popup
dialog that appears, touch the
Favorites icon. When a destination is
on your Favorites list, the icon is
blue. To remove a favorite
destination, touch the Favorites icon
again.
Updated Maps
Be sure to periodically connect Model S to a
Wi-Fi network to receive new maps (see
Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 89). As
updated maps become available, they are sent
to Model S over Wi-Fi only. The touchscreen
displays a message informing you when new maps are installed.
Maps and Navigation
82Model S Owner's Manual

Service Intervals
Regular maintenance is the key to ensuring
the continued reliability and efficiency of your
Model S.
Rotate the tires every 5000 miles (8000 km),
maintain the correct tire pressures, and take Model S to Tesla at the regularly scheduledmaintenance intervals of every 12 months, orevery 12,500 miles (20,000 km), whichever
comes first. It is also important to perform the
daily and monthly checks described below.
Model S must be serviced by Tesla-certified
technicians. Damages or failures caused by
maintenance or repairs performed by non-
Tesla certified technicians are not covered by
the warranty.
Daily Checks • Check the Battery’s charge level, displayed on the instrument panel.
• Check that all exterior lights, horn, turn signals, and wipers and washers are
working.
• Check the operation of the brakes, including the parking brake.
• Check the operation of the seat belts (see Seat Belts on page 19).
• Look for fluid deposits underneath Model S that might indicate a leak. It is
normal for a small pool of water to form
(caused by the air conditioning system’s dehumidifying process).
Monthly Checks • Check the mileage to determine if the tires need to be rotated (every
5000 miles/8000 km), and check the
condition and pressure of each tire (see
Tire Care and Maintenance on page 100).
• Check washer fluid level and top up if necessary (see Topping Up Washer Fluid
on page 116).
• Check that the air conditioning system is operating (see Climate Controls on page
72).Warning: Contact Tesla immediately if
you notice any significant or sudden drop in fluid levels or uneven tire wear.Fluid Replacement Intervals
Do not change or top up Battery coolant and
brake fluid yourself. Tesla service technicians replace fluids at the regularly scheduled
service intervals:
• Brake fluid. Every 2 years or 25,000 miles (40,000 km), whichever comes first.
• Battery coolant. Every 5 years or 62,500 miles (100,000 km), whichever
comes first.
Note: Any damage from opening the Battery
coolant reservoir is excluded from the warranty.
High Voltage Safety Your Model S has been designed and built
with safety as a priority. However, be aware of these precautions to protect yourself from the
risk of injury inherent in all high-voltage
systems:
• Read and follow all instructions provided on the labels that are attached to Model S.These labels are there for your safety.
• The high voltage system has no user- serviceable parts. Do not disassemble,
remove or replace high voltage components, cables or connectors. High
voltage cables are colored orange for
easy identification.
• If an accident occurs, do not touch any high voltage wiring, connectors, or
components connected to the wiring.
• In the unlikely event that a fire occurs, immediately contact your local fire
emergency responders.Warning: Always disconnect the charge
cable before working underneath Model S, even if charging is not in
progress.Warning: Keep your hands and clothing
away from cooling fans. Some fans
operate even when Model S is powered
off.Caution: Some fluids (battery acid,
Battery coolant, brake fluid, windshield
washer additives, etc.) used in motor
vehicles are poisonous and should not be
inhaled, swallowed, or brought into contact with open wounds. For your
safety, always read and follow
instructions printed on fluid containers.
Maintenance Schedule
Maintenance99

Improving Tire Mileage
To improve the mileage you get from your
tires, maintain tires at the recommended tire pressures, observe speed limits and advisory
speeds, and avoid:
• Pulling away quickly, or hard acceleration.
• Fast turns and heavy braking.
• Potholes and objects in the road.
• Hitting curbs when parking.
• Contaminating tires with fluids that can cause damage.
Replacing Tires and Wheels
Tires degrade over time due to the effects of
ultraviolet light, extreme temperatures, high
loads, and environmental conditions. It is
recommended that tires are replaced every
six years, or sooner if required.
Wheel rims and tires are matched to suit the
handling characteristics of the vehicle.
Replacement tires must comply with the
original specification. If tires other than those
specified are used, ensure that the load and
speed ratings marked on the tire equal or
exceed those of the original specification.
Ideally, you should replace all four tires at the
same time. If this is not possible, replace the
tires in pairs (both front or both rear). When
replacing tires, always re-balance and check
the alignment of wheels.
If you replace a wheel, the TPMS (Tire
Pressure Monitoring System) sensors need to be reset to ensure they provide accurate
warnings when tires are under- or over-
inflated (see Resetting the TPMS Sensors on
page 103).Warning: For your safety, use only tires
and wheels that match the original
specification. Tires that do not match the
original specification can affect the
operation of the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS).Asymmetric Tires
Model S tires are asymmetric and must be
mounted on the wheel with the correct sidewall facing outward. The sidewall of thetire is marked with the word OUTSIDE. When
new tires are installed, make sure that the tires
are correctly mounted on the wheels.Warning: Road holding is seriously
impaired if the tires are incorrectly
installed on the wheels.
Winter Tires
In snowy and icy conditions, consider installing winter tires. Winter tires must be the
same size, brand, construction and tread
pattern on all four wheels. For
recommendations on winter tires, contact Tesla.
Warning: On dry roads, winter tires could
have less traction than the originally
installed tires.
Tire Care and Maintenance
102Model S Owner's Manual

Tesla Roadside Assistance is available to you, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, for the duration of
your warranty period.
To contact Roadside Assistance, call:
1-877-79TESLA (1-877-798-3752)
Advise the representative of the vehicle identification number (VIN), license plate number, mileage, your location, and the nature of the problem. The VIN is on the upper dashboard on thedriver’s side of your vehicle and is visible through the windshield.
Roadside Assistance covers transportation of Model S for up to 50 miles (80 kms) in the event of
a flat tire. However, owners are responsible for transportation expenses if the Battery is over- discharged. For a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Tesla RoadsideAssistance Program, refer to the policy that was provided to you by Tesla when you purchasedModel S.
It is your responsibility to provide vehicle transporters with instructions on how to transport
Model S (see Instructions for Transporters on page 142).
Contacting Roadside Assistance
Roadside Assistance141

AABS (Anti-lock Braking System) 58
access panel, removing 114accessoriesinstalling 125
plugging into power socket 80
air circulation 73
air conditioning 72
air distribution 73
air filter 74
air suspension 76
air vents 74
airbags 31
alarm 86
anti-lock braking (ABS) 58
audioplaying files 77
steering wheel buttons 36
auto-raising suspension 75
B backup camera 64
battery (12V)complete discharge 94
specifications 133Battery (high voltage)care of 94
coolant 114
specifications 134
temperature limits 94
battery (key), replacing 5
Bluetoothdevices, playing audio files from 79
general information 83
phone, pairing and using 83
body repairs 125
body touch up 111
brake fluid replacement 99
brakesfluid level 115
overview of 58
specifications 133C
cabin temperature control 72
calendar 85
California Proposition 65 147
camera (rear view) 64
car cover 111
car washes 109
carpets, cleaning 110
CE certifications 149
CHAdeMO 93
chains 103
charge port 95
charge port light 96chargingcharge settings 97
components and equipment 92
instructions 95
public charging stations 93
scheduling 97
status of 98child protectiondisabling liftgate and rear door handles 7
disabling rear window switches 9child seatscleaning 110
installing and using 22
Tesla built-in rear facing 27
cleaning 109
climate controls 72
console12V power socket 80
cup holders 16
USB ports 79contact informationroadside assistance 141
Tesla 148coolantBattery, checking level of 114
Battery, replacement interval 99
copyrights 145, 146
cornering lights 48
cruise control 61
cup holders 16
customizing Model S 69
D
dashboard overview 2
data recording 147
delivery mileage 147
devices
Index
152Model S Owner's Manual

interiorcleaning 110
lights 46
overview 2
temperature control 72
Internet radio 77
intrusion detection 86
J
J1772 93
Jack mode 76
jacking Model S 124
K
keyFCC and IC certifications 149
how to use 4
key not inside 40
ordering extras 5
replacing battery 5
keyless entry
4
L
labelTire and Loading Information 127
vehicle certification 128
lane change flash 49
lane departure warning 53
LATCH child seats, installing 25
liftgateadjust opening height 10
opening 10
lifting Model S 124
lightscornering lights 48
hazard warning 49
headlights after exit 48
turn signals 49
load limits 127
location-based suspension 75
lock/unlock status 42
locking and unlocking doors 4
lumbar support 17
M
maintenancebrake fluid, checking 115
cleaning 109
daily and monthly checks 99
fluid replacement intervals 99
panel, removing 114
replacing fuses 117
replacing wiper blades 112
service intervals 99
tires 100
washer fluid, topping up 116
washer jets, cleaning 112
maps 81
mats 111
media 77
mileage upon delivery 147
mirrors 39
mobile app 91Mobile Connectordescription 93
using 95
modifications 125
motor specifications 132
N navigation 81
NCC certifications 149
Neutral gear 41
NHTSA, contacting 148
O occupancy sensor 33
odometeron instrument panel 42
resetting trip odometer 56
overhang dimensions 130
Owner Information, about 145, 146
P Park Assist 54
Park gear 41
parking brake 59
parts replacement 125
passenger detection 33
passenger front airbag 33
phone
Index
154Model S Owner's Manual