2013 SSANGYONG TURISMO Car weight

10-34891-01
1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
When braking suddenly or braking on slippery roads, the vehicle keeps moving forward but the wheels
are locking and not rotating. If these happen, the vehicle may lose stability or rotate resulting in an
accident. ABS helps to maintain directional stability and control of the vehicle. ABS is designed to
secure more safety and increase the control of steering wheel during emergency braking situation.
But, ABS does not guarantee perfect safety beyond its physical limit. ABS in this vehicle contains EBD
function. In normal driving conditions, the brake system operates without ABS function.
1) Basic Theory of ABS Function
To give you a better understanding of the tasks and functions of ABS, we will first look at the physics
principles.
▶Stopping distance
The stopping distance depends on the vehicle weight and initial speed when braking starts. This also
applies for vehicle with ABS, where ABS always tries to set an optimum brake force on each wheel. As
great forces are exerted between the tires and the carriageway when braking, even with ABS the
wheels may scream and rubber is left on the road. With an ABS skid mark one may be able to clearly
recognize the tire profile. The skid mark of an ABS vehicle does not however leave any hint of the
speed of the vehicle in the case of an accident, as it can only be clearly drawn at the start of braking.
▶Brake force on a wheel
The maximum possible brake force on a wheel depends on the wheel load and the adhesion
coefficient between tire and carriageway. With a low adhesion coefficient the brake force, which can be
obtained is very low. You are bound to know the result already from driving on winter roads. With a
high adhesion coefficient on a dry road, the brake force, which can be obtained, is considerably higher.
The brake force, which can be obtained, can be calculated from below formula:

12-54170-01
1. OVERVIEW
A radial tire uses a cord angle of 90 degrees. That is, the cord material runs in a radial or direct line
from one bead to the other across the tread. In addition, a radial tire has a belt overwrap under the
tread surface to provide greater structural stability. The belt overwrap of a radial tire distortion while the
radial structure enables high speed driving.
Tire supports the weight of the vehicle, reduces the impact from the road and at the same time,
transmits the power to propel, brake and steer on the road. It also functions to maintain a
vehicle’s movement. In order to complete such tasks, a tire must be structured to be a resilient
vessel of air.
There is wear limit mark on the tire, which protrudes as a strip shape located approximately 1.6 mm
from the groove bottom. This wear limit mark is not seen from the outside so there is additional
"▲" mark on the shoulder to let the driver find the wear mark easily. To measure the tire groove
depth, measure at any point other than the point which has a wear limit mark.
The tire is worn unevenly according to the driver's driving habit, improper servicing, low tire inflation
pressure, changed tire location, etc.
1) Structure of Tire
Tread
This thick layer of rubber provides the interface
between the tire and the road. Wear-resistant
rubber is used to protect the carcass and belt
against fractures and impacts and to deliver a
long driving life.
Shoulder
Located between the tread and sidewall, the
shoulder rubber is the thickest so that the
design must allow for the easy diffusion of heat
generated within the tire while driving.
Sidewall
The part between the shoulder and bead, the
flexible sidewall protects the carcass and
enhances the ride. A tire’s type, size,
structure, pattern, manufacturing company,
product name and various characters are
indicated here. Bead
The bead attaches the tire to the rim and wraps
the end of the cord fabric. Comprised of the bead
wire, core, flipper and other parts, the bead is
generally designed to be slightly tight around the
rim so that in the case of a sudden drop in
inflation pressure, the tire will not fall off the rim.
Carcass
As the most important framework of a tire, the
entire inner layer of cord fabric is called the
carcass. The carcass acts to support air
pressure, vertical load and absorb shocks.
Valve
Belt
Bead core

12-10
4. WHEEL ALIGNMENT
▶Toe-in
▶Camber
In automotive engineering, toe, also known as
tracking, is the symmetric angle that each wheel
makes with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, as
a function of static geometry, and kinematic and
compliant effects. This can be contrasted with
steer, which is the anti-symmetric angle, i.e. both
wheels point to the left or right, in parallel
(roughly). Positive toe, or toe in, is the front of the
wheel pointing in towards the center line of the
vehicle. Negative toe, or toe out, is the front of the
wheel pointing away from the center line of the
vehicle. Toe can be measured in linear units, at
the front of the tire, or as an angular deflection.
Camber is the angle made by the wheels of a
vehicle; specifically, it is the angle between the
vertical axis of the wheels used for steering and
the vertical axis of the vehicle when viewed from
the front or rear. It is used in the design of
steering and suspension. If the top of the wheel
is farther out than the bottom (that is, away from
the axle), it is called positive camber; if the
bottom of the wheel is farther out than the top, it
is called negative camber. Wheel alignment consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are parallel to each other
and perpendicular to the ground, thus maximizing tire life and ensures straight and true tracking along
a straight and level road.
Camber angle alters the handling qualities of a particular suspension design; in particular, negative
camber improves grip when cornering. This is because it places the tire at a better angle to the road,
transmitting the forces through the vertical plane of the tire rather than through a shear force across it.
Another reason for negative camber is that a rubber tire tends to roll on itself while cornering. Negative
camber can also be caused by excessive weight on the front wheels. This is commonly seen on
modified cars with larger engines than standard; the weight of the modified engine can make the
wheels negatively camber. The inside edge of the contact patch would begin to lift off of the ground if
the tire had zero camber, reducing the area of the contact patch. This effect is compensated for by
applying negative camber, maximizing the contact patch area. Note that this is only true for the outside
tire during the turn; the inside tire would benefit most from positive camber.

03-30
6. CHILD RESTRAINTS AND PREGNANT WOMAN
1) Pregnant Women
We recommend that pregnant women use the seat belts throughout their pregnancy. Keeping the
mother safe is the best way to keep the baby safe.
Infants and tiny children should always be restrained in an infant or child restraint.
Never install a rear-facing child restraint in the front seat with front passenger air bag.
A child in a rear-facing child restraint installed in the front seat can be seriously injured if the front
passenger air bag inflates. Secure a rear-facing child restraint in the rear seat.
A front-facing child restraint should be secured in the rear seat whenever possible. If installed in the
front passenger seat, adjust the seat as far back as it will go.
When installing a child restraint system, follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
When your child restraint is not in use, secure it in the vehicle with the seat belt or remove it from
the vehicle.
In a collision an unrestrained child, even a tiny baby, can become a missile inside the vehicle. The
force required to hold even an infant on your lap can become so great that you could not hold the
child, no matter how strong you are.
Do not allow a child in the cargo areas while the vehicle is moving.
If the shoulder belt contacts the face or neck, move the child closer to the center of the vehicle.
Never allow a child to put the shoulder belt under an arm or behind their back.
Please note that the three point seat belt is designed for a person who is taller than 140 cm. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2) Child Restraints
When transporting infants or small children, an appropriate child restraint system should always be
used. The child restraint system should be appropriate for your child’s weight and height and
properly fit the car’s seat. Accident statistics indicate that children are safer when properly
restrained in the rear seat rather than in the front seat.
3) Securing Methods of Child Restraint System
Child restraint systems are designed to be secured in vehicle seats by seat belts or the latch system
(ISOFIX seat - if equipped).
Pregnant women should wear 3-point seat belt whenever possible according to the professional
recommendations by her doctor.
Pregnant women should wear the lap portion of the belt across the thighs and as snugly and low
as possible. -
-