2013 SSANGYONG TURISMO engine

03-18
3. CAUTIONS FOR DI ENGINE
1) Cautions for DI Engine
This chapter describes the cautions for DI engine equipped vehicle. This includes the water separation
from engine, warning lights, symptoms when engine malfunctioning, causes and actions.
DI Engine 1.
Comparatively conventional diesel engines, DI engine controls the fuel injection and timing electrically,
delivers high power and reduces less emission.
System Safety Mode 2.
When a severe failure has been occurred in a vehicle, the system safety mode is activated to protect
the system. It reduces the driving force, restricts the engine speed (rpm) and stops engine operation.
Refer to "Diagnosis" section in this manual.
Engine CHECK Warning Lamp 3.
The Engine CHECK warning lamp on the instrument cluster comes on when the fuel or
major electronic systems of the engine are not working properly. As a result, the
engine’s power output may decrease or the engine may stall.
Water Separator Warning Lamp
4.
When the water level inside water separator in fuel filter exceeds a certain level (approx.
45 cc), this warning light comes on and buzzer sounds.
Also, the driving force of the vehicle decreases (torque reduction). If these conditions
occur, immediately drain the water from fuel filter.

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2) Cleanness
(1) Cleanness of DI engine fuel system
Cleanness of DI engine fuel system and service procedures ▶
The fuel system for DI engine consists of transfer (low pressure) line and high pressure line.
Its highest pressure reaches over 1,800 bar.
Some components in injector and HP pump are machined at the micrometer 100 μm of
preciseness.
The pressure regulation and injector operation are done by electric source from engine ECU.
Accordingly, if the internal valve is stuck due to foreign materials, injector remains open.
Even in this case, the HP pump still operates to supply high pressurized fuel. This increases the
pressure to combustion chamber (over 250 bar) and may cause fatal damage to engine.
You can compare the thickness of injector nozzle hole and hair as shown in below figure (left side).
The below figure shows the clearance between internal operating elements.
The core elements of fuel system has very high preciseness that is easily affected by dust or very
small foreign material. Therefore, make sure to keep the preliminary works and job procedures in next
pages. If not, lots of system problems and claims may arise.
Hair
Nozzle holeValve actuator lift - 0.028 mm
Diameter
0.04 mm
Operating
clearance
0.002 mm
Diameter
2.0 mm

03-20
Water
separator
(2) Di engine and its expected problems and remedies can be caused by
water in fuel
System supplement against paraffin separation ▶
In case of Diesel fuel, paraffin, one of the elements, can be separated from fuel during winter and then
can stick on the fuel filter blocking fuel flow and causing difficult starting finally. Oil companies supply
summer fuel and winter fuel by differentiating mixing ratio of kerosene and other elements by region
and season. However, above phenomenon can be happened if stations have poor facilities or sell
improper fuel for the season. In case of DI engine, purity of fuel is very important factor to keep internal
preciseness of HP pump and injector.
Accordingly, more dense mesh than conventional fuel filter is used. To prevent fuel filter internal
clogging due to paraffin separation, SYMC is using fuel line that high pressure and temperature fuel
injected by injector returns through fuel filter to have an effect of built-in heater (see fuel system).
System supplement and remedy against water in fuel ▶
As mentioned above, some gas stations supply fuel with excessive than specified water. In the
conventional IDI engine, excessive water in the fuel only causes dropping engine power or engine
hunting. However, fuel system in the DI engine consists of precise components so water in the fuel can
cause malfunctions of HP pump due to poor lubrication of pump caused by poor coating film during
high speed pumping and bacterization (under long period parking). To prevent problems can be
caused by excessive water in fuel, water separator is installed inside of fuel filter. When fuel is passing
filter, water that has relatively bigger specific gravity is accumulated on the bottom of the filter.
Water drain from water separator ▶
If water in the separator on the fuel filter exceeds a certain level, it will be supplied to HP pump with
fuel, so the engine ECU turns on warning lamp on the meter cluster and buzzer if water level is higher
than a certain level.
Due to engine layout, a customer cannot easily drain water from fuel filter directly, so if a customer
checks in to change engine oil, be sure to perform water drain from fuel filter.
To separate the water from the fuel filter,
remove the fuel filter assembly first.

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1. OVERVIEW
The components in fuel system supply the fuel and generate the high pressure to inject the fuel to
each injector. They are controlled by the engine ECU.
The common rail fuel injection system consists of fuel tank, fuel line, low pressure line which supplies
low pressure fuel to the low pressure pump (including high pressure pump), common rail which
distributes and accumulates the high pressurized fuel from the fuel pump, high pressure line which
connected to the injector, and the engine control unit (ECU) which calculates the accelerator pedal
position and controls the overall performance of vehicle based on the input signals from various
sensors.
1) Fuel Flow Diagram

03-22
Camshaft position sensor
Determining injection orderFuel tank
Fuel metering by sender
2. SYSTEM LAYOUT AND OPERATION
1) Layout
For sensor and actuator control logic, refer to Chapter "Engine Control".
Engine ECU (D20DTR)
Engine control by various
signalsInjector (C3I)
Pre-injection, main injection,
after-injection by signals from
ECU
HFM sensor
Measuring intake air mass and
temperature
Crankshaft position sensor
Measuring engine rpm

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T-MAP sensor
Measuring booster pressure
and temperatureFuel rail assembly
Relieving the pulsation.
Measuring the fuel pressure.
Distributing the fuel to injectors.
Plunger type HP pump (1,800 bar)
Vane type LP pump (6 bar)
Accelerator pedal position
sensor
Detecting driver's intention for
speed up/down
Fuel filter assembly
Supplying clean fuel/fuel
heating/water separation by
priming pump
High pressure pump
Generating high pressurized fuel
and supplying it according to engine
rpm, required volume, required
pressure

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3) Input/Output devices
Refer to Chapter "Engine Control". *

03-26
The engine ECU calculates the accelerator pedal based on the input signals from various sensors, and
controls the overall operation of the vehicle.
The ECU receives the signals from various sensor through data line, and performs effective air-fuel ratio
control based on these signals.
The crankshaft speed (position) sensor measures the engine speed, and the camshaft speed (position)
sensor determines the order of injections, and the ECU detects the amount of the accelerator pedal
depressed (driver's will) by receiving the electrical signals from the accelerator pedal sensor.
The mass air flow sensor detects the volume of intake air and sends the value to the ECU.
The major function of the ECU is controlling air-fuel ratio to reduce the emission level (EGR valve
control) by detecting instantaneous air flow change with the signals from the mass air flow sensor.
Also, the ECU uses the signals from the coolant temperature & air temperature sensors, booster
pressure sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor to: a) determine injection starting point and set value for
pilot injection, and b) deal with various operations and variable conditions.