![NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (138,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
3-16Pre-driving checks and adjustments
HOW TO USE REMOTE KEYLESS
ENTRY FUNCTION
S35-D-110201-CF29B22E-A85F-4042-83BE-F5970367F85C
WARNING
.Radio NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (138,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
3-16Pre-driving checks and adjustments
HOW TO USE REMOTE KEYLESS
ENTRY FUNCTION
S35-D-110201-CF29B22E-A85F-4042-83BE-F5970367F85C
WARNING
.Radio](/manual-img/5/338/w960_338-139.png)
Black plate (138,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
3-16Pre-driving checks and adjustments
HOW TO USE REMOTE KEYLESS
ENTRY FUNCTION
S35-D-110201-CF29B22E-A85F-4042-83BE-F5970367F85C
WARNING
.Radio waves could adversely affect
electric medical equipment. Those
who use a pacemaker should con-
tact the electric medical equipment
manufacturer for the possible influ-
ences before use.
. The Intelligent Key transmits radio
waves when the buttons are
pushed. The FAA advises that the
radio waves may affect aircraft na-
vigation and communication sys-
tems. Do not operate the
Intelligent Key while on an airplane.
Make sure the buttons are not
operated unintentionally when the
unit is stored during a flight.
CAUTION
.Do not allow the Intelligent Key,
which contains electrical compo-
nents, to come into contact with
water or salt water. This could affect the system function.
. Do not drop the Intelligent Key.
. Do not strike the Intelligent Key
sharply against another object.
. Do not change or modify the Intel-
ligent Key.
. Wetting may damage the Intelligent
Key. If the Intelligent Key gets wet,
immediately wipe until it is comple-
tely dry.
. If the outside temperature is below
148F (-108C) degrees, the battery of
the Intelligent Key may not function
properly.
. Do not place the Intelligent Key for
an extended period in an area where
temperatures exceed 1408F (608C) .
. Do not attach the Intelligent Key
with a key holder that contains a
magnet.
. Do not place the Intelligent Key near
equipment that produces a mag-
netic field, such as a TV, audio
equipment, personal computers or
cellular phone.
The remote keyless entry function can operate
all door locks using the remote keyless entry function of the Intelligent Key. The remote
keyless entry function can operate at a distance
of approximately 33 ft (10 m) from the vehicle.
(The operating distance depends upon the
conditions around the vehicle.)
The remote keyless entry function will not
operate:
.
When the Intelligent Key is not within the
operational range.
. When the doors are open or not closed
securely.
. When the Intelligent Key battery is dis-
charged.
The remote keyless entry function can also
operate the vehicle alarm.
![NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (143,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
SPA2414
LIFT GATE RELEASES35-D-110201-B8DEF828-77B2-4BDA-90BB-EAF054BB537FIf the lift gate cannot be opened due to a
discharged battery, follow t NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (143,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
SPA2414
LIFT GATE RELEASES35-D-110201-B8DEF828-77B2-4BDA-90BB-EAF054BB537FIf the lift gate cannot be opened due to a
discharged battery, follow t](/manual-img/5/338/w960_338-144.png)
Black plate (143,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
SPA2414
LIFT GATE RELEASES35-D-110201-B8DEF828-77B2-4BDA-90BB-EAF054BB537FIf the lift gate cannot be opened due to a
discharged battery, follow these steps.
1. Remove the cover inside of the lift gate witha suitable tool.
2. Move the lever toward the direction
*Aas
illustrated to open the lift gate.
Have the vehicle checked by a NISSAN dealer.
S35-D-110201-2B147586-63E0-4DF3-B881-8610B6736448
SPA2415
OPENING THE FUEL-FILLER DOORS35-D-110201-7CC1E09E-D8D3-41CA-9B6A-49166F375329To open the fuel-filler door, pull the left side of
the door.
SPA2338
FUEL-FILLER CAPS35-D-110201-2406F22D-9BA5-40C7-BA12-ABC92FD1B580To remove the fuel-filler cap:
1. Turn the fuel-filler cap counterclockwise to remove.
2. Put the fuel-filler cap on the cap holder
*A
while refueling.
To install the fuel-filler cap:
1. Insert the fuel-filler cap straight into the fuel- filler tube.
2. Turn the fuel-filler cap clockwise until a single click is heard.
Pre-driving checks and adjustments3-21
FUEL-FILLER DOOR
![NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (151,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
If you use the system with the engine not
running (ignition ON or ACC) for a long
time, it will discharge the battery, and the
engine will not st NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (151,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
If you use the system with the engine not
running (ignition ON or ACC) for a long
time, it will discharge the battery, and the
engine will not st](/manual-img/5/338/w960_338-152.png)
Black plate (151,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
If you use the system with the engine not
running (ignition ON or ACC) for a long
time, it will discharge the battery, and the
engine will not start.
Reference symbols:
“Example” — Words marked in quotes refer to a
key shown only on the display. These keys can
be selected by touching the screen.
HOW TO USE TOUCH SCREENGUID-7C59B976-54A1-4D74-A77C-CF757A76A294
CAUTION
.The glass screen on the liquid
crystal display may break if it is hit
with a hard or sharp object. If the
glass screen breaks, do not touch it.
Doing so could result in an injury.
. To clean the display, use a soft, dry
cloth. If additional cleaning is ne-
cessary, use a small amount of
neutral detergent with a soft cloth.
Never use a rough cloth, alcohol,
benzine, thinner or any kind of
solvent or paper towel with a che-
mical cleaning agent. They will
scratch or deteriorate the panel.
. Do not splash any liquid such as
water or car fragrance on the dis- play. Contact with liquid will cause
the system to malfunction.
To ensure safe driving, some functions cannot
be operated while driving.
The on-screen functions that are not available
while driving will be “grayed out” or muted.
Park the vehicle in a safe location and then
operate the navigation system.
WARNING
. ALWAYS give your full attention to
driving.
. Avoid using vehicle features that
could distract you. If distracted,
you could lose control of your
vehicle and cause an accident.SAA3386
Touch screen operationGUID-67B20698-8B04-4122-9E42-414B14750F5F
Selecting the item:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Touch an item to select. For example, to select
the “Audio” key, touch the “Audio” key
*1on
the screen.
Center display, heater, air conditioner, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-3
![NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (179,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
SAA0306
FM radio reception:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Range: FM range is normally limited to 25 to 30
miles (40 to 48 km) , with mo NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (179,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
SAA0306
FM radio reception:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Range: FM range is normally limited to 25 to 30
miles (40 to 48 km) , with mo](/manual-img/5/338/w960_338-180.png)
Black plate (179,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
SAA0306
FM radio reception:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Range: FM range is normally limited to 25 to 30
miles (40 to 48 km) , with monaural (single
channel) FM having slightly more range than
stereo FM. External influences may sometimes
interfere with FM station reception even if the
FM station is within 25 miles (40 km). The
strength of the FM signal is directly related to the
distance between the transmitter and receiver.
FM signals follow a line-of-sight path, exhibiting
many of the same characteristics as light. For
example they will reflect off objects.
Fade and drift: As your vehicle moves away from
a station transmitter, the signals will tend to fade
and/or drift.Static and flutter: During signal interference from
buildings, large hills or due to antenna position,
usually in conjunction with increased distance
from the station transmitter, static or flutter can
be heard. This can be reduced by lowering the
treble setting to reduce the treble response.
Multipath reception: Because of the reflective
characteristics of FM signals, direct and re-
flected signals reach the receiver at the same
time. The signals may cancel each other,
resulting in momentary flutter or loss of sound.
AM radio reception:
GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407AM signals, because of their low frequency, can
bend around objects and skip along the ground.
In addition, the signals can be bounced off the
ionosphere and bent back to earth. Because of
these characteristics. AM signals are also
subject to interference as they travel from
transmitter to receiver.
Fading: Occurs while the vehicle is passing
through freeway underpasses or in areas with
many tall buildings. It can also occur for several
seconds during ionospheric turbulence even in
areas where no obstacles exist.
Static: Caused by thunderstorms, electrical
power lines, electric signs and even traffic lights.
Satellite radio reception (if so equipped):
GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407When the satellite radio is used for the first time
or the battery has been replaced, the satellite
radio may not work properly. This is not a
malfunction. Wait more than 10 minutes with the
satellite radio ON and the vehicle outside of any
metal or large building for the satellite radio to
receive all of the necessary data.
The satellite radio mode requires an active
SiriusXM Satellite Radio subscription. The sa-
tellite radio is not available in Alaska, Hawaii and
Guam.
The satellite radio performance may be affected
if cargo carried on the roof blocks the satellite
radio signal.
If possible, do not put cargo near the satellite
antenna.
A build up of ice on the satellite radio antenna
can affect satellite radio performance. Remove
the ice to restore satellite radio reception.
Center display, heater, air conditioner, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-31
![NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (193,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
Radio operationS35-D-110201-5CFF91BB-BBB0-4B7F-B234-E74EABB5CC53
Radio (FM/AM) band select:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Pushing the F NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (193,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
Radio operationS35-D-110201-5CFF91BB-BBB0-4B7F-B234-E74EABB5CC53
Radio (FM/AM) band select:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Pushing the F](/manual-img/5/338/w960_338-194.png)
Black plate (193,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
Radio operationS35-D-110201-5CFF91BB-BBB0-4B7F-B234-E74EABB5CC53
Radio (FM/AM) band select:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Pushing the FM·AM radio band select button will
change the band as follows:
AM?FM1 ?FM2 ?AM
When the stereo broadcast signal is weak, the
radio will automatically change from stereo to
monaural reception.
When the radio band select button is pushed
while the ignition switch is in the ACC or ON
position, the radio will come on at the station last
played.
TUNE (Tuning):GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Push the TUNE buttonorfor manual
tuning. To move quickly through the stations,
push and hold the TUNE button.
SEEK tuning:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Push the SEEK buttonorto tune from
low to high or high to low frequencies and to
stop at the next broadcasting station.
SCAN tuning:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Push the SCAN button to tune from low to high
frequencies and stops at each broadcasting
station for 5 seconds. Pushing the button again during this 5 seconds period will stop SCAN
tuning and the radio will remain tuned to that
station.
If the SCAN tuning button is not pushed within 5
seconds, SCAN tuning moves to the next
station.
toStation memory operations:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C40712 stations can be set for the FM band (6 each
for FM1 and FM2), and 6 can be set for the AM
band for easy access.
1. Choose the radio band using the radio band
select button.
2. Tune to the desired station using the SEEK, SCAN or TUNE button.
3. Push and hold the desired radio station preset button
tountil a beep sound is
heard. (The radio mutes when the radio
station preset button is pushed.)
4. The station indicator will then come on and the sound will resume. Memorizing is now
complete.
5. Other buttons can be set in the same
manner.
If the battery cable is disconnected, or if the fuse
opens, the radio memory will be erased. In that
case, reset the desired stations. Radio Data System (RDS):
GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407RDS stands for Radio Data System, and is a
data information service transmitted by some
radio stations on the FM band (not AM band)
encoded within a regular radio broadcast.
Currently, most RDS stations are in large cities,
but many stations are now considering broad-
casting RDS data.
RDS can display:
.
Station call sign, such as “WHFR 98.3”.
. Station name, such as “The Groove”.
. Music or programming type such as “Clas-
sical”, “Country” or “Rock”.
. Traffic reports about delays or construction.
If the station broadcasts RDS information, the
RDS icon is displayed.
RADIO DISPLAY change:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407When the DISP button is pushed during the FM
radio mode, the radio display will change in the
following order.
FM radio:
Frequency ↔PS (Programme Service)/PTY
(Programme type)
In the FM radio mode, pushing the DISP button
will switch the frequency display to the PTY
display (if available) , and if the DISP button is
not pushed again within 5 seconds, it will
Center display, heater, air conditioner, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-45
![NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (195,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
disc program.
RANDOM (RDM)/REPEAT (RPT):GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407When the RPT button is pushed for less than
1.5 seconds while th NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (195,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
disc program.
RANDOM (RDM)/REPEAT (RPT):GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407When the RPT button is pushed for less than
1.5 seconds while th](/manual-img/5/338/w960_338-196.png)
Black plate (195,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
disc program.
RANDOM (RDM)/REPEAT (RPT):GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407When the RPT button is pushed for less than
1.5 seconds while the CD is being played, the
play pattern can be changed as follows:
CD:
NOS2554
CD with MP3 or WMA:
NOS2587
CD EJECT:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407When the CD EJECT button is pushed with the
CD loaded, the CD will be ejected.
When this button is pushed while the CD is
being played, the CD will come out and the
system will turn off.
If the CD comes out and is not removed, it
will be pulled back into the slot to protect
it.
SAA3427
Interface system for iPod®operationS35-D-110201-B1BD16DD-8E4F-4352-971B-0EE7967EDE42
Connecting iPod®:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407The iPod®outlet connector is located in the
center console. Connect the cable
*1as
illustrated, and then connect the other end of
the cable to your iPod
®*2. Your vehicle is
equipped with the specialized cable for con-
necting the iPod
®to your vehicle audio unit. The
battery of your iPod®is charged while it is
connected to the vehicle if the iPod®supports
charging via a FireWire®connection.
When the connection is complete, a NISSAN
logo will be displayed on the iPod
®and an iPod®
icon on the audio display illuminates. While connecting the iPod
®to the vehicle, the iPod®
can only be operated by the vehicle audio
controls.
To disconnect the cable from the vehicle outlet,
fully depress the center connector button to
unlatch the connector and pull the connector
straight out of the outlet. To disconnect the
cable from the iPod
®, fully depress the side
connector buttons and pull the iPod®connector
straight out of the iPod®.
* iPod®, iPhone®and FireWire®are a trademark
of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other
countries.
Compatibility:
GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407The following models are available:
. Fourth generation iPod®(Firmware version
3.1.1 or later)
. Fifth generation iPod
®(Firmware version
1.1.2 or later)
. First generation iPod Classic
®(Firmware
version 1.3 or later)
. Second generation iPod Classic
®(Firmware
version 1.3 or later)
. First, second and third generation iPod
touch
®(Firmware version 3.1.0 or later)
. First and second generation iPod mini®
(Firmware version 1.4.1 or later)
Center display, heater, air conditioner, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-47
![NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (202,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
4-54Center display, heater, air conditioner, audio, phone and voice recognition systems
SEEK tuning/CAT (category)
(models with satellite radio): NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (202,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
4-54Center display, heater, air conditioner, audio, phone and voice recognition systems
SEEK tuning/CAT (category)
(models with satellite radio):](/manual-img/5/338/w960_338-203.png)
Black plate (202,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
4-54Center display, heater, air conditioner, audio, phone and voice recognition systems
SEEK tuning/CAT (category)
(models with satellite radio):
GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407. For AM and FM radio
Push the SEEK button
orto tune
from low to high or high to low frequencies
and to stop at the next broadcasting station.
. For SiriusXM Satellite Radio
Push the SEEK button
orto tune
to the first channel of the next or previous
category.
SCAN tuning:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407Push the Radio SCAN tuning button to tune
from low to high frequencies and stop at each
broadcasting station/channel for 5 seconds.
Pushing the button again during this 5 seconds
period will stop SCAN tuning and the radio will
remain tuned to that station/channel.
If the Radio SCAN tuning button is not pushed
within 5 seconds, SCAN tuning moves to the
next station/channel.
*1to*6Station memory operations:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C40712 stations/channels can be set for the FM band
(6 each for FM1 and FM2) , 12 for SiriusXM
Satellite Radio (6 each for XM1 and XM2) (if so
equipped) and 6 stations can be set for the AM
band. 1. Choose the radio band using the radio band
select button.
2. Tune to the desired station/channel using the SEEK·CAT (models with satellite radio) ,
SEEK·TRACK (models without satellite
radio), SCAN button or the radio TUNE·SC-
ROLL or TUNE·FOLDER control knob.
3. Push and hold the desired station preset button
*1to*6until the radio mutes.
4. The station indicator will then come on and the sound will resume. Memorizing is now
complete.
5. Other buttons can be set in the same
manner.
If the battery cable is disconnected, or if the fuse
opens, the radio memory will be erased. In that
case, reset the desired stations/channels.
Compact Disc (CD) player operationS35-D-110201-958C8E38-8A90-4269-B514-51CE021D428BPlace the ignition switch in the ACC or ON
position and insert the Compact Disc (CD) into
the slot with the label side facing up. The CD will
be guided automatically into the slot and start
playing.
After loading the CD, the number of tracks on
the CD and the play time will appear on the
display.
If the radio is already operating, it will auto- matically turn off and the CD will play.
If the system has been turned off while the CD
was playing, pushing the PWR button will start
the CD.
Do not use 3.1 in (8 cm) discs.
(models with satellite radio)
(models without satellite radio)PLAY:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407When the CD·AUX or CD button is pushed with
the system off and the CD loaded, the system
will turn on and the CD will start to play.
When the CD·AUX or CD button is pushed with
the CD loaded and the radio playing, the radio
will automatically be turned off and the CD will
start to play.
Next/Previous Track and Fast
Forward/Rewind:
GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407When the FF or REW button is pushed for more
than 1.5 seconds while the CD is being played,
the CD will play while fast forwarding or
rewinding. When the button is released, the
CD will return to normal play speed.
When the FF or REW button is pushed for less
than 1.5 seconds while the CD is being played,
the next track or the beginning of the current
track on the CD will be played.
![NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (205,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
JVH0121X
iPod®player operationS35-D-110201-45FBF3C4-1CC5-4DB6-A3EE-952B17BC488A
Connecting iPod®:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407The U NISSAN ROGUE 2013 2.G Owners Manual Black plate (205,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
JVH0121X
iPod®player operationS35-D-110201-45FBF3C4-1CC5-4DB6-A3EE-952B17BC488A
Connecting iPod®:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407The U](/manual-img/5/338/w960_338-206.png)
Black plate (205,1)
[ Edit: 2012/ 5/ 18 Model: S35-D ]
JVH0121X
iPod®player operationS35-D-110201-45FBF3C4-1CC5-4DB6-A3EE-952B17BC488A
Connecting iPod®:GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407The USB outlet connector is located in the
center console. Open the lid and connect the
iPod
®cable to the USB connector. The battery
of the iPod®is charged while the connection to
the vehicle.
Depending on the version of the iPod
®, the
display on the iPod®shows a NISSAN or
Accessory Attached screen when the connec-
tion is completed. When the iPod
®is connected
to the vehicle, the iPod®music library can only
be operated by the vehicle audio controls.
* iPod
®and iPhone®are a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
CAUTION
.
Depending on size and shape of
iPod®and iPod®cable, the console
lid may not fully close. Do not force
console lid closed as this may
damage iPod
®and iPod®cable.
. Do not force the iPod®cable into
the USB port. Inserting the iPod®
cable tilted or up-side-down into the
port may damage the iPod®cable
and the port. Make sure that the
iPod
®cable is connected correctly
into the USB port. (Some iPod®
cable come with amark as a
guide. Make sure that the mark is
facing the correct direction before
inserting the iPod
®cable.)
. Do not locate objects near the iPod®
cable to prevent the objects from
leaning on the iPod®cable and the
port. Pressure from the objects may
damage the iPod
®cable and the
port. Compatibility:
GUID-D73A39BF-43C8-459F-9C24-47B7F579C407The following models are available:
.
Third generation iPhone®(Firmware version
IOS4/4.0)
. Fourth generation iPhone
®(Firmware ver-
sion IOS4/4.0)
. Fifth generation iPod
®(Firmware version
1.3)
. First generation iPod Classic
®(Firmware
version 1.1.1 or 1.1.2PC)
. Second generation iPod Classic
®(Firmware
version 2.0.1)
. First generation iPod touch
®(Firmware
version 1.1.5 or 2.2.1)
. Second and third generation iPod touch
®
(Firmware version 2.2.1 or IOS4/4.0.0)
. First generation iPod nano®(Firmware ver-
sion 1.3.1)
. Second generation iPod nano
®(Firmware
version 1.1.3)
. Third generation iPod nano
®(Firmware
version 1.1.2PC or 1.1.3PC)
. Fourth generation iPod nano
®(Firmware
version 1.0.2 or 1.0.4)
. Fifth generation iPod nano
®(Firmware ver-
sion 1.0.1 or 1.0.2)
The iPod touch
®may not response quickly with
the system in some cases.
Center display, heater, air conditioner, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-57