2013 Citroen DS5 HYBRID4 battery

37
Hybrid system

Sport mode
(Diesel and
electric)


4WD mode **

(Diesel and
electric)
This mode allows more dynamic driving byproviding additional performance.Vehicle acceleration and pick-up are
maximised by using the capacity of the electric
motor, supplementing the power of the Diesel
engine.
This mode manages the progressiveness of theaccelerator, the electronic gearbox and the use of the electric motor.
In Sport mode:
- The electric motor can be used up to 70 mph (120 km/h).


This mode provides additional traction
***
at
low speed by driving all 4 wheels of the vehicle continuously: the Diesel engine (front wheel
drive) and the electric motor (rear wheel drive)operate simultaneously and permanently.
Their coupling is managed electronically tooptimise traction on slippery surfaces.
In 4WD mode:


- Power for the electric motor is provided,
if needed, by the alternator-star ter motor
of the front engine. The Diesel engine
operates continuously.

- The additional traction from the electricmotor is available up to 75 mph (120 km/h).
In ZEV m
ode:


- Range and acceleration capacity are
limited. The maximum speed possible is
around 36 mph (60 km/h).

- Under high load or a priority requirement causing the star t of the Diesel engine, thesystem changes automatically to AUTO
mode.I
f the conditions do not allow this mode, a message that the "electricmode is not currently available"appears in the screen. The ZEV
warning lamp flashes for a few seconds then goes off and the selector comes on in AUTO.
This mode should be used on snow covered roads or difficult ground (mud, sand, ...).In this mode, in severe conditions and if the circumstances allow, it is recommendedthat you accelerate strongly to ensure that you move off and avoid any risk of getting stuck.The addition of 4WD traction is available whatever:- the state of charge of the tractionbattery, - the altitude.



For more information on "Automatic restarting of the Diesel engine or ZEV mode not available", refer to the corresponding section.
**
4WD: 4 Wheel Drive.
***
This mode will be even more effective if suitable tyres are fitted (winter tyres in
particular).

Energy consumption / generation indicator
The indicator dial provides real time information
on the total power used, combining electric and
Diesel.
It comprises three main zones. Zone which indicates that the vehicle is optimising its energy consumption
, electric,Diesel or a combination of both.
This zone corresponds to phases of electric running as well as to phases of optimum use of
the Diesel engine, which are easily accessible
with a suitable driving style (smooth "eco-citizen"
driving). Z
one which indicates that the vehicle is in electrical energy recoveryphase: on
deceleration, braking (partially or par ticularly
with your foot off the accelerator (to use
in preference as this gives better energy
recovery).
This allows the high voltage battery to be
recharged using "free" energy which can then be reused
for future energy requirements.


ECO zone
CHARGE zone

View hybrid fl ow information
Hybrid modes
1.
Hybrid mode selected (AUTO, ZEV, SPORT, 4WD).
2.
Messages, e.g.: "Zero Emission" if the Diesel engine is off (0 g/km CO2).


Operation / Energy flows
6.
The Diesel engine supplies the battery (if needed).
7.Arrow from left to right: the battery powers the electric motor (when
the electric motor is operating).
Arrow from right to left: the electric motor/generator recharges the
battery (energy recovery phases).8. The Diesel engine drives the front wheels. 9.The electric motor drives the rear wheels.
Vehicle infrastructure
3.
Diesel engine.4.
Tr a c t i o n b a t t e ry state of charge. 5.
Electric Motor/Generator. Information on the active h
ybrid mode, arrows for energy flows and the state of charge of the battery, is displayed in the instrument panel screen or the screen.

41Hybrid system

Examples of displays


On starting and when stationary

There is no flow of energy (the Stop & Star t system stops and
restar ts the Diesel engine automatically).

Energy recovery

During this phase (deceleration, braking, foot off the
accelerator, … all modes), the battery is recharged by the electric motor/generator, then being driven by the rear wheels.
You can maximise this energy recovery by taking your foot off
the accelerator pedal, deceleration will then be less marked
th
an with a conventional vehicle.

100% electric

In all electric running (AUTO or ZEV modes), only the electric motor, powered by the battery, drives the rear wheels.
The display of "Zero Emission" indicates that the Diesel engine
is off and the vehicle is producing no CO2.

Automatic restarting of the Diesel engine or ZEV mode NOT available

Maintaining the performance
of the system



- When the vehicle exceeds 18 mph(30 km/h) after moving off (if the internal
combustion engine has not already star ted since the vehicle was last star ted).

- If the high voltage battery is not sufficiently charged. A minimum of 4 barsin ZEV mode so as to ensure operationover a cer tain distance (in AUTO, electricoperation is accessible for a shor ter period with a lower level of charge).

- When the fuel level enters the reservezone (where rate of consumption of this reser ve is high, ZEV inhibition may continue for some time after refuelling).

- During regeneration of the particleemissions filter, which occursautomatically for 5 to 10 minutes,approximately every 300 miles (500 kms)(or less in extended urban running).

The internal combustion engine may restar t or
ZEV mode may not be available in the variousconditions presented below. The internal combustion engine can beswitched off automatically as soon as these
conditions are lifted. When the conditions described below causethe vehicle to come out of ZEV mode andthe Diesel engine to restar t, the vehicle automatically changes to AUTO mode.
Your vehicle is fitted with the most effective emissions control systems, in par ticular the Particle Emissions Filter (PEF).
At regular inter vals your Diesel engine will produce energy for the self-cleaning of this filter.During this PEF regeneration phase, electric running is purposely made unavailable andis accompanied by a message "Electricmode not available: PEF regeneration inprogress
".
Action by the driver
- Moving the gear selector to position M
. - Action on steering mounted control paddles to change gear.- Sustained and sharp acceleration. - Use of demisting.- Use of air conditioning.


Diffi cult weather conditions and
circumstances



- If cer tain conditions or engine temperature requirements make it necessary (such as an engine temperature that is too low for the ambient conditions).

- When the battery is close to maximumcharge (for example: when going down a long hill), because engine recoverybeing no longer possible, the internalcombustion engine restar ts automatically just to provide engine braking.

- If the vehicle encounters a steep slope(car park ramp, ...).

- If the vehicle has been parked in the sunfor a prolonged period.

- When driving in mountainous conditions(altitude).

43Hybrid system
Hybrid4 frequently asked questions


ZEV (Zero Emissions Vehicle) mode
QuestionAnswer
Why is it not always possible
for me to put the
vehicle into ZEV (Zero Emissions Vehicle) mode even though the battery is well charged? This situation is temporary.
Certain conditions will occasionally prevent the change to ZEV mode, even if the battery hassufficient charge, such as, for example, very cold conditions, altitude, demisting, high demand for heating or air conditioning, regeneration of the par ticle emissions filter (PEF).
Wh
y do I sometimes see an aler t message "Electric mode not available: PEF regeneration
in progress"? This is an messa
ge relating to the regeneration of the par ticle emissions filter (PEF). This is acompletely normal process that takes place every 240 or 300 miles (400 or 500 km) (or more
frequently in prolonged urban use), as on a conventional HDi vehicle.
This process is not generally noticed by the driver.
On the other hand, in the case of a hybrid, this phenomenon may be noticeable (in urban use)
as temporarily the HDi engine will not stop and this message will be displayed at intervals while
regeneration is in progress.
Wh
y is it not possible for me to put the vehicle
into ZEV mode, even though I had just beenrunning electrically in Auto mode? The mana
gement of ZEV is different from Auto mode.
Changing to ZEV mode is only possible with a battery charge of at least 4 bars, in order to assure sufficient range.
In Auto mode, the system alone manages the conditions for changing temporarily to electric mode, for shorter periods and with a lower state of charge of the battery.
Wh
y is the range in ZEV (Zero Emissions
Vehic le) mode lower when climbing? The vehicle needs more energy when climbing than when running on the level.
So it is better to stay in Auto mode, which will favour operation of the Diesel engine.
Why is it that the system makes me come out o
f
ZEV (Zero Emissions Vehicle) mode; it does notreturn to ZEV automatically when the conditions allow? It is not intended to give pre
ference to ZEV running at any cost, as it is not always the most economical mode.
So the system returns automatically to Auto mode.

Reducing consumption - Fuel
QuestionAnswer
How can I optimise m
y fuel consumption? Give preference to Auto mode as it selects in the best way the "driving energy source" to use in
order to reduce fuel consumption.
You should also adapt
your driving style to the characteristics of hybrid vehicles to get the best
out of it, for example by taking your foot off the accelerator pedal rather than braking and by
anticipating decelerations (entering a built-up area, stop at traffic lights, stop at halt signs, ...).
Wh
y do I not manage to reduce my fuel consumption even though I often drive in ZEV(Zero Emissions Vehicle) mode?It is not ZEV mode but Auto mode that is the most appropriate
for reducing fuel consumption, as it selects the best "driving energy source".
ZEV mode (10 0% electric operation) can reduce fuel consumption in some cases. However,
recharging the traction battery has an energy cost.
This is why we recommend using Auto mode more often.
Wh
y does the trip computer sometimes displaythe bars for 28 mpg (10 litres) consumption in
town? The current fuel consumption displa
yed may appear high when the distance covered is very low,
but this generally has very little impact and the true average fuel consumption will remain low.
In town, your hybrid retains very good fuel economy (of the order of 35% better than a non-hybrid
vehicle).
Wh
y is my battery rarely fully charged? A partly charged battery is normal operation (4 to 5 bars on average in Auto mode).
This allows some capacity to be left free for the recovery for energy when going downhill or takingwhen your foot off the accelerator.
Wh
y are there so may fuel aler t messages whenstarting to use the reser ve?To e n c o u r age you to refuel as soon as possible and avoid the loss of hybrid functions.

200 V high voltage battery
The 200 V high voltage battery cannot berecharged from a mains supply.
The battery is Ni-MH (Nickel Metal Hydride) and is located below the boot floor, close to the electric motor.

Charging


The battery is charged when the vehicle
decelerates, the electric motor then becomes
a
generator and conver ts kinetic energy intoelectrical energy (except if the speed of the
vehicle is above 70 mph (120 km/h)).
The battery is not recharged from a mains
supply.
The battery may also be charged automatically
when required b
y the Stop & Start system of
the Diesel engine.
This recover
y allows the use of "free" energy.
The battery charging time is very shor t and iscontinuous.
A discharged battery (following ZEV running or high load, for example) will quickly return to astate of charge sufficient for full operation of the
different hybrid modes.
The charging takes place automaticallywhen driving.
The energy recovery can be faster during deceleration.
The average state of charge is 4 to 5 bars, sopreserving a margin for energy recovery when
deceleration of going downhill (free energy).
To preser ve the ser vice life of thebattery, the level of charge never fallsbelow 20 %, even if a level of 0 bars is displayed after ZEV running. Where the battery is close to maximum, vehicle deceleration with your foot off the accelerator pedal will be at a lower level.