2012 SSANGYONG KORANDO compression ratio

02-110000-00
3. CHECK AND INSPECTION
1) Cylinder
(1) Compression pressure test
Specified value ▶
Compression ratio
16.5 : 1
Test conditionat normal operating temperature (80˚C)
Compression pressureStandard32 bar
Minimum18 bar
Differential limit between cylindersMaximum 3 bar
The compression pressure test is to check the conditions of internal components (piston, piston ring,
intake and exhaust vale, cylinder head gasket). This test provides current engine operating status.
Before cranking the engine, make sure that the test wiring, tools and persons are keeping away from
moving components of engine (e.g., belt and cooling fan).
Park the vehicle on the level ground and apply the parking brake.
Do not allow anybody to be in front of the vehicle. -
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(2) Cylinder pressure leakage test
If the measured value of the compression pressure test is not within the specifications, perform the
cylinder pressure leakage test.Specified value ▶
Perform this test in the sequence of firing order.
Do not test the cylinder pressure leakage with wet type test procedure. (do not
inject the engine oil into the combustion chamber) -
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Test condition: normal engine operating
temperature (80˚C)Specified value
Whole engine below 25%
at valve and cylinder head gasket below 10%
at piston ring below 20%

04-10
1) Types of swirl
Swirl: One cylinder has two intake air ports, one is set horizontally
and the other one is set vertically. Swirl is the horizontal air flows in
cylinder due to the horizontal intake air ports.
Tumble: Tumble is the vertical air flows in cylinder due to the vertical
intake air port
Squish: Squish is the air flows due to the piston head. Normally, this
is appears at the final process of compression. In CRDi engine, the
piston head creates the bowl type squish.
2) Swirl control
In DI type diesel engine, the liquefied fuel is injected into the cylinder directly. If the fuel is evenly
distributed in short period, the combustion efficiency could be improved. To get this, there should be
good air flow in cylinder. In general, there are two intake ports, swirl port and tangential port, in each
cylinder. The swirl port generates the horizontal flow and the tangential port generates the longitudinal
flow. In low/mid load range, the tabgential port is closed to increase the horizontal flow. Fast flow
decreases the PM during combustion and increases the EGR ratio by better combustion efficiency.

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c. Types of swirl
Swirl: One cylinder has two intake air ports, one is set horizontally
and the other one is set vertically. Swirl is the horizontal air flows in
cylinder due to the horizontal intake air ports.
Tumble: Tumble is the vertical air flows in cylinder due to the vertical
intake air port
Squish: Squish is the air flows due to the piston head. Normally, this
is appears at the final process of compression. In CRDi engine, the
piston head creates the bowl type squish.
d. Swirl control
In DI type diesel engine, the liquefied fuel is injected into the cylinder directly. If the fuel is evenly
distributed in short period, the combustion efficiency could be improved. To get this, there should be
good air flow in cylinder. In general, there are two intake ports, swirl port and tangential port, in each
cylinder. The swirl port generates the horizontal flow and the tangential port generates the longitudinal
flow.
In low/mid load range, the tabgential port is closed to increase the horizontal flow. Fast flow decreases
the PM during combustion and increases the EGR ratio by better combustion efficiency.

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f. Relationship between swirl and fuel injection pressure
The injector for DI engine uses the multi hole design. For this vehicle, there are 8 holes in injector. If
the swirl is too strong, the injection angles might be overlapped and may cause the increased PM and
insufficient engine power. Also, if the injection pressure is too high during strong swirl, the injection
angles might be overlapped. Therefore, the system may decreases the fuel injection pressure when
the swirl is too strong. -
Anti-knock methods:
Shorten the ignition timing by pilot injection, lessen the fuel injection volume during ignition delay
period.
Increase engine speed.
Maintain intake sir temperature with intercooler or glow plug device.
Increase intake air pressure with turbocharger.
Warm up engine to keep the normal operating temperature.
Increase compression ratio.
Use the fuel with high cetane. *
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02-28
2) Operation of DMF
Compensating the irregular operation of engine: The secondary flywheel operates almost evenly so
does not cause gear noises
The mass of the primary flywheel is less than conventional flywheel so the engine irregularity
increases more (less pulsation absorbing effect).
Transaxle protection function: Reduces the torsional vibration to powertrain (transaxle) by reducing
the irregularity of engine. -
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Compression stroke Combustion stroke
Small changes from engine (k):
Damper increases the torque changes to clutchLarge changes from engine (j):
Damper decreases the torque changes to
transaxle by absorbing the impact
Torque change curve of engine and drive shaft

01-6
2. SPECIFICATION
DescriptionDiesel 2.0 Engine
(D20DTF(Low CO2))
General Overall length (mm) 4,410 (4,500: with trailer hitch)
Overall width (mm) 1,830
Overall height (mm) 1,675
Gross vehicle
weight (kg)M/T 4WD : 2,065(2,110)
2WD : 1,905(1,920)
Curb vehicle
weight (kg)M/T 4WD : 1,740(1,785)
2WD : 1,580(1,595)
Fuel Diesel
Fuel tank capacity (ℓ)57
Engine Engine D20DTF
Number of cylinders/ Compression ratio 4 / 16.5:1
Total displacement (cc) 1,998
Camshaft arrangement DOHC
Max. power M/T 149 ps / 4,000 rpm
Max. torque 360 Nm / 1,500~2,800 RPM
Idle speed750 ± 20 rpm
Cooling system Water-cooled / forced circulation
Coolant capacity (ℓ)8.5
Lubrication type Gear pump, forced circulation
Max. oil capacity (ℓ)6.0
Turbocharger and cooling type Turbocharger, water-cooled

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2) DUMP (ESP is working) Mode
The pressure decreases just before the wheel speed drops and the wheels are locked.
The inlet valve closes and the outlet valve opens as in the ABS HECU and the oil is gathered at the low
pressure chamber while no additional oil is being supplied. Then the pump operates to allow fast oil
drainage. The shuttle valve and the separation valve do not operate while decompression.

01-12
3. A/C COOLING CYCLE
1) System flow
Condition: Gas/Liquid
Function: Keeps the refrigerant free from moisture by separating/collecting the moisture from it. -
-"Compression -> Condensation -> Expansion -> Evaporation" -
Condition: Liquefied gas/Gas
Function: Cools the air by absorbing the heat from the air around the evaporator. -
-Condition: Liquid/Liquefied gas
Function: Performs adiabatic expansion and flow control for easier evaporation. -
-Condition: Gas/Liquid
Function: Cools and condenses the refrigerant by using ambient air to liquefy it under high pressure. -
-Condition: Gas
Function: Circulates the refrigerant and increases the pressure and temperature for easier
evaporation. -
- 2) Functions
(2) Condenser
(3) Receiver drier
(4) Expansion valve
(5) Evaporator
(1) Compressor