2012 PORSCHE CAYMAN S engine

32
resonance intake manifold.
The resonance effect, where the air mass
inside the intake manifold is caused to
oscillate, is used to improve air induction
and, in turn, to optimise the formation
of the fuel/air mixture. In the Cayman S,
the manifold is also equipped with a
switchable resonance valve.
The results are high torque, a uniform
torque curve and high power output.

The sound produced is characteristically
resonant and deep.
Direct fuel injection (DFI).
Direct fuel injection (DFI) is featured as
standard in both Cayman models. Multi-
hole injectors deliver fuel directly into the
combustion chamber with millisecond
precision. The injection pattern has been
optimised for torque, power output, fuel
consumption and emissions. Combustion
is even more effective as a result.
With direct injection, the engine manage -
ment system regulates injection timing
individually for each cylinder as well as
the injection rate for each cylinder bank.
This optimises the combustion process
and therefore fuel economy. Depending on the engine operating con
-
dition, multiple fuel injections take place
so that the cataly tic converter reaches
normal operating temperature sooner
after a cold start and a greater top-end
torque can be achieved.
DFI improves the internal cooling of the
combustion chamber by having the mix -
ture prepared directly in the cylinder. This
allows for a higher compression ratio,
which helps to deliver greater power out -
put at the same time as enhanced engine
efficiency. Injection is regulated by the
electronic engine management system
and emissions are monitored by the
stereo Lambda sensors, thus helping to
protect the environment.
For fuel consumption, CO
2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to page 131.
Drive |
Engine

35
VarioCam Plus.
VarioCam Plus is a two-in-one engine
concept for adjusting the intake cam-
shafts and switching the lift of the intake
valves.
The system first dif ferentiates bet ween
driver inputs that typify normal, everyday
driving and those inputs that demand
maximum performance. The electronic
engine management system then imper -
ceptibly adapts valve operation to
the prevailing conditions. This results
in instant acceleration and extremely

smooth running.
In short, VarioCam Plus provides excellent
acceleration power with comparatively
low fuel consumption.
Integrated dry-sump lubrication.
Integrated dr y-sump lubrication ensures
a reliable supply of oil even when a
sport y driving st yle is adopted and the
vehicle is experiencing powerful lateral

acceleration. It also has additional cool -
ing functions.
The oil tank is located in the engine,
thereby eliminating the need for an exter -
nal oil tank and saving space and weight.
For fuel consumption, CO
2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to page 131.
To reduce power losses and increase
ef ficiency, an electronically controlled oil
pump supplies the lubricating points
inside the engine as and when required.
It optimises the supply of oil, improves
fuel economy and thereby reduces emis -
sion levels.

12
36
Thermal management.
The intelligent thermal management
system in the Cayman models regulates
the temperature in the engine and gear -
box
to reduce friction losses that occur
during the warm-up phase.

Thanks to the purposeful control of heat
flow and on-demand, gradual activation
of the various cooling circuits, the engine
and gearbox warm up to normal operat -
ing temperature more rapidly. The result -
ing reduction in friction also reduces fuel
consumption and CO
2 emissions. During
sporty driving, thermal management also
acts to reduce temperatures so as to
maintain a high degree of performance. Our cross-flow cooling system, as used

in motorsport, supplies each engine cylin -
der uniformly with coolant, which protects
all valves against thermal overload and,
therefore, premature wear. This improves
combustion and keeps emissions, fuel con -
sumption and noise comparatively low.
exhaust system.
In the new Cayman models, each cylinder
bank has its own stainless-steel exhaust
tract. Downstream of their respective rear
silencer, the tracts converge into a con -
necting tube and a single (Cayman) or t win
(Cayman S) tailpipe. The stereo Lambda
control circuitr y

controls and monitors each cylinder bank
separately. For each
exhaust tract, four
corresponding oxygen sensors regulate
the composition of the exhaust gas and
monitor the performance of the catalytic
converters. The separate
tracts enable
the exhaust gas to flow more
f re e l y. T h e
resulting reduction in pressure loss has
a positive impact on power output, torque
and the unmistakable engine sound.
Available as an option for the new Cayman
models is the sports exhaust system*
including sports tailpipe. It produces an

even more resonant Porsche sound.
1 Standard tailpipe of the Cayman S
2 Standard tailpipe of the Cayman
* Available from 03/2013 at the earliest.
Drive |
Engine

2
1
2
39
38
e ngine management.
The electronic engine management
system ensures optimum perfect engine
performance at all times. It regulates all
engine-related functions and assemblies.
The results are optimum power output
and torque with comparatively low fuel
consumption and emissions – whatever
the driving st yle.
One example is the cylinder-specific knock
control. Since engine cylinders never all
work under exactly the same conditions,
the knock control function monitors each one separately. The ignition point is shift
-
ed individually, as and when necessary,
so as to protect the cylinders and pistons
at high engine speeds and loads. For
compliance with EU standards, the on-
board diagnostics detect any faults and
defects that may occur in the exhaust
and fuel systems and then display them
on the on-board computer. This also
helps to avoid increased pollutant emis
-
sions and unnecessary fuel consumption.
a uto start/stop function.
The auto start/stop function, which is in -
tegrated as standard in the new Cayman
models, switches off the engine when
you stop, select neutral and release
the clutch pedal. In cars with Porsche
Doppelkupplung (PDK), it is simply a
case of applying and holding the brake.
All audio and communication systems
remain switched on. The engine will

restart as soon as you operate the clutch
or, in cars with PDK, release the brake.
This fuel-saving innovation is designed

primarily for use in urban traffic. The auto start /stop function can be deac
-
tivated and reactivated using a separate
but ton on the centre console. The func -
tion is deactivated automatically under
particular circumstances, e.g. in the
event of extreme outside temperatures,
activation of the SPORT but ton or low

bat tery charge.
Drive |
Engine
1 Auto start /stop but ton
2 SPORT but ton

41
40 Drive |
Engine
SP or T button.
The SPORT but ton on the centre console
is fit ted as standard. When selected,
‘Sport ’ mode is activated to provide a
greater response and enhanced driving
pleasure. The engine reacts even more
directly to the accelerator pedal, the

rev-limiter is adjusted to a harder set ting
and engine dynamics are tuned for per -
formance driving. At the same time, the
auto start /stop function is deactivated
automatically.
With optional Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK), the shift points are reconfigured
to offer higher and even sportier rpm bands. Shift times are reduced and gear
-
shifts become firmer and more immedi -
ate, while throttle-blip downshifts are
accompanied by an even more emotive
engine sound. Coasting mode (p. 44) is
deactivated automatically. e lectrical system recuperation.
Another efficiency-enhancing feature of
the new Cayman models is intelligent
electrical system recuperation. The vehi-
cle bat tery is recharged by the generator
predominantly under braking. Thanks
to this selective recharging, when you

request full driving power, the maximum
possible output of the engine can be
directed straight to the road because

the electrical systems are supplied main -
ly by the energy that was stored in the
battery during the braking phase.
Servicing.
In the Cayman models, the generator and
air conditioning system are driven by a
single self-adjusting belt. The drive chains
on the camshafts do not normally require
servicing. With the sole exception of the spark
plugs, the ignition system is also

maintenance-free. In short, longer service
intervals mean longer-lasting driving
pleasure.

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43
Six-speed manual gearbox.
The new Cayman models are equipped
as standard with the six-speed manual

gearbox. Gearshifts are smooth, precise
and optimally adapted to the respective
engine map. Shift throws are short and
the gear lever is easy to operate, provid -
ing a truly engaging driving experience.
The upshift indicator located in the central
circular instrument helps you to maximise
fuel efficiency.
The ascending centre console reinforces
the authentic sports car feel. It positions
the gear lever close to the steering wheel,
enabling you to change gear as fast and
as ergonomically as possible.
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK).
Of course, you could let us take care of
the gearshift strategy so that you can
devote all your at tention to your cornering
strategy.
Available as an option is the completely
retuned 7-speed Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK), featuring both manual and auto -
matic modes. The advantages are percep -
tible. Gear changes take place with no
interruption in the flow of power. Sharper
gearshift programs and significantly short -
er shift times produce faster acceleration
than with the manual gearbox. Fuel econ-
omy and comfort characteristics have also
been optimised. In response to a less
assertive driving st yle, shif t points are

recalculated to make use of the more
comfortable and more economical engine
speed ranges, and coasting mode is acti -
vated where possible (p. 44).
This is how PDK works: PDK is essentially
t wo gearboxes in one, thus requiring t wo
clutches. This double clutch arrangement
provides an alternating, non-positive con -
nection between the two half gearboxes
and the engine by means of t wo separate
input shafts. The flow of power from the
engine is transmit ted through one half
gearbox and one clutch at a time, while

the next gear is preselected in the second
half gearbox. During a gear change, there -
fore, one clutch simply opens and the
other closes at the same time, enabling
gear changes to take place within milli
-
seconds.
PDK has seven forward gears at its
disposal. Gears 1 to 6 have a sports
ratio and top speed is reached in sixth

gear. Seventh gear has a long ratio and
keeps
engine speed low to reduce fuel
con
sumption and improve comfort.
1 Gear lever for six-speed manual gearbox
2 Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) gear selector
3 Gearshif t switch on spor ts steering wheel
in conjunction with PDK
y ou’ve developed your own strategies for advancement.
So have we.

Transmission.
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to page 131.

44
With the SPORT but ton selected, the full
advantages of the new version of PDK
are brought into play: a more immediate
response to throt tle inputs, relatively
short shift times and swift throt tle-blip
downshifts on overrun, such as during
braking into a corner, and always accom -
panied by an emotive engine sound.
With the optional Sport Chrono Package,
PDK is enhanced by ‘Launch Control’
and the ‘motorsport-derived gearshift
strategy’ for even faster and firmer gear
changes and best possible per formance,
thanks to a boost in torque during up -
shift phases. Overrun downshifts provide
extremely sport y braking and accelera -
tion for added excitement.
Coasting.
Efficiency is another area in which the
performance of the new Cayman models
has been further improved. The coasting
function available with Porsche Doppel-
kupplung (PDK) enables you to save even
more fuel where the situation allows.
The engine is decoupled from the trans -
mission to prevent deceleration caused
by engine braking. In this way, optimum
use is made of the vehicle’s momentum,
allowing it to coast for longer distances.
For example, you may want to slow down
from 100 to 80 km/ h (70 to 50 mph) in
anticipation
of the change of speed limit
ahead. As you ease off the accelerator
pedal, PDK deselects the current gear
automatically and you begin to coast in
neutral with minimal input required on
your part until
you have reached your desired speed.
As soon as you operate
the accelerator
or brake pedal, PDK
re-engages the appropriate gear within
fractions of a second. The process
is smooth and seamless, thanks to the
extremely fast
clutch.
Another way to reduce fuel consumption
is to utilise the coasting function on down -
hill gradients that are gentle enough for
you to maintain a constant speed. Efficient
on long journeys, such as on the motor -
way, PDK remains ready to respond as

swiftly and precisely as you would expect.
In short, driving in coasting mode makes
a real impact on fuel consumption without
the need to compromise on comfort or
sporty performance.
Drive |
Tra n s m i ssi o n
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to page 131.

1212
49
Strong relationships need sincerity,
common goals and the abilit y to over-
come difficult situations in unison.
The chassis of the new Cayman models
develops a strong bond with the road. It
is specifically matched to the high power
output of the respective engine. A xle
components are made predominantly of

aluminium, which helps to keep the weight
of the vehicle and its unsprung masses
low. The results are impressive driving
dynamics with practically zero pitch and
roll, high levels of comfort and safet y and
lower fuel consumption. The track of the new Cayman models has
been widened and the wheelbase has

been extended by 60 mm compared with
that of the previous model. This improves
stabilit y. The new independent suspension
features light weight spring-strut axles
with longitudinal and transverse links. The
cross member at the front axle has been
refined for optimum stiffness and robust -
ness. How does this benefit you? Greater
directional stability, sharper steering preci -
sion and sportier handling.
Porsche active Suspension management
(PaSm ).
Optional PASM, the electronic damping
control system, actively and continuously
regulates the damping force for each
wheel according to the road conditions
and driving st yle. In addition, the suspen -
sion is 10 mm lower than that of the
st a n d a rd s e t u p .
The system is always active in the back-
ground, ready to assist you automatically
without you having to switch it on. Never -
theless, t wo modes are available at the
push of a but ton so that you can adapt
handling to suit your preferred driving
st yle: ‘Normal’ which is a blend of perfor-
mance and comfort, and ‘Sport ’ where
the setup is much firmer. Depending on
the mode selected, therefore, PASM can
be sportier and more comfortable than
the standard chassis. The PASM control
unit evaluates the driving conditions and modifies the damping force on each of
the wheels optimally in accordance with
the selected mode.
Sensors record all wheel and body move
-
ments. This enables intelligent adaptation
of damper stiffness for the selected
mode, optimising contact between each
individual t yre and the road for even less
roll and pitch.
h ow do we nurture our relationship with the driver?
By purposefully strengthening our bond with the road.

Chassis.
1 Front axle of the Cayman S
2 Rear axle of the Cayman S