2012 AUDI Q7 sensor

Intelligent technology Notice about data
recorded by vehicle
control modules
Your vehicle is not equipped with an Event Da­
ta Recorder (EDR), installed by some manu­
facturers for the express purpose of capturing
data for retrieval after an accident or crash
event. EDRs are sometimes called "crash re­
corders".
Some state laws restrict the retr ieval or down­
loading of data stored by EDRs that were in­
stalled in a vehicle for the express purpose of
retrieving data after an accident or crash
event without the owner's consent.
Although your vehicle is not equipped with an
EDR, it is equipped with a number of electron­
ic control modules for various vehicle systems
such as, for example, engine function, emis­
sion control, as well as for the airbags and
safety belts.
These electronic control modules also record
vehicle-related data during norma l vehicle op­
eration for diagnostic and repair purposes.
The recording capacity of the electronic con­
trol modules is limited to data (no sound is re­
corded) and only a small amount of data is ac­
tually recorded over a very limited period of
time and stored when a system fault or other
condition is sensed by a control unit. Some of
the data then stored may relate to vehicle
speed, direction, braking as we ll as restraint
system use and performance in the event of a
crash or other condition. Stored data can only be read and downloaded with special equip­
ment.
Intelligent technology 219
Electronic Stability
Control (ESC)
General information
The ESC improves the vehicle stability.
. ..---------..
------- -
Fig. 218 Center console with ESC sw itch
ESC is designed to help you maintain vehicle
control in situations where the car approaches
the limits of "grip", especially when accelerat­
ing and cornering. ESC reduces the risk of
skidding and improves stability under all road
condit ions .
The system operates across the entire speed range in combination with the ABS system. If
the Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) malfunc­
tions, the ESC will also shut down.
How the system works
The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Electronic
Differential Lock (EDL) and the Anti-Slip Regu­
lation System (ASR) are integrated in the Elec­
tronic Stability Control. In addition to the da­
ta provided by these functions, the ESC con­
trol unit requires additional measurement da­
ta provided by high performance sensors. The
rotational speed of the vehicle about its verti­
cal axis, vehicle acceleration in the fore-and­
aft and lateral directions, the brake pressure and the steering angle are all measured.
T he direction in wh ich the driver wishes to
travel is determined with the aid of the steer­
ing angle and vehicle speed and is continually
compared with the actua l behavior of the ve­
hicle. If the two do not match, for example,
when the vehicle starts hydroplaning on a wet
road, ESC will automatically brake the appro-
priate wheel to correct the problem. ..,_
•
•

Electronic differential lock (EDL)
The electronic differential lock monitors the
rotational speed of the drive wheels.
G ener al note s
The electronic differentia l lock (EDL) helps the
car to start mov ing, accelerate and climb a
gradient on surfaces providing poor or almost
no gr ip . W ithout EDL, this would be difficult,
if not impossible .
How the s yst em work s
The EDL operates automatically . It monitors
the rotat ional speed of wheels w ith the help
of the ABS sensors <=>
page 223. If a noticea­
ble
slip i s detected at the wheels (e.g . on slip­
pery ground
on one side), the spinning wheels
are braked and power is transferred to the
other wheels. This is done up to a speed of
about 60 mph (100 km/h). Noises from the b rake system signal that wheel spin is being
contro lled .
Driving off
When driv ing off , a lways be sure to keep road
conditions in mind as you accelerate . If one
drive whee l spins because it is on a surface
with less grip, apply
plenty of throttle until
the car starts to move.
Overheating of brakes
To prevent the disc brake of the b raked wheel
from ove rheating if subjected to excessive
l oads on this whee l, the EDL cuts out tempo ­
ra rily. The vehicle remains operational and be­
h aves in the same way as a vehicle without
EDL.
As soon as the brake has cooled down, EDL
switches on again automatically .
A WARNING
-When accelerating on slippery surfaces,
such as on ice or snow, always be careful
when depressing the acce lerator pedal.
Even with the EDL working, the drive
wheels can spin and reduce your ability
to control your car . R isk of crash!
Int ellig ent technolog y 221
-The increased safety afforded by EDL
does not mean that you can take safety
risks. Always adapt your driving style to
the road condit ions and traffic situation .
(!) Tips
If a fault occurs in the ABS, the EDL is also
not functioning. This is ind icated by the
ABS warning light <=>
page 18.
' Anti-Slip Regulation System (ASR)
The Anti-Slip Regulation System prevents the
driven wheels from spinning when the car is
accelerating.
G eneral not es
The Anti-Slip Regulation System (ASR) is inte­
grated in the Electronic Stability Control
(ESC). When the vehicle starts up and acceler­
ates, the wheels are prevented from spinning
by adjust ing the eng ine power to match the
amount of grip available from the road sur ­
face .
How the system works
ASR performs automatica lly, i.e. without the
driver 's intervention. With the aid of the ABS
sensors <=>
page 223, ASR monitors the speed
of the dr iven wheels. If the wheels start to
spin, engine torque is reduced automatically
unt il the t ires find enough grip to lock onto
the road surface. The system is active across
the enti re speed range.
The ASR works in conjunction with the ABS. If
a malfunction should occur in the ABS, the
ASR wi ll also be ou t of act ion.
A WARNING
The increased safety affo rded by ASR does
not mean that you can take sa fety risks.
A lways adapt your driving sty le to the road
conditions and traffic situation. ...,
•
•

226 Intelligent technology
can result in there being insufficient energy
avai lab le to start the engine .
I ntell igent energy management in your vehi­
cle handles the distribution of electrical ener­
gy . Starting abi lity is markedly improved and
the life of the battery is extended .
Basically , energy management consists of
battery diagnosis , idling current manage­
ment
and dynamic energy management.
Battery diagnosis
Battery diagnosis continuously determines
the state of the battery. Sensors determine
battery volta ge, battery current and battery
temperature. This determines the current
state of charge and the power of the battery.
Idling current management
Idling current management reduces energy
consumption while the vehicle is stand ing.
With the ignition switched off, it contro ls the
energy supply to the various e lectrica l compo­
nents. Data from battery diagnosis is consid­
ered.
Depending on the battery's state of charge,
individua l consumers are gradually turned off
to prevent excessive discharge of the battery
and thus maintain starting capability.
Dynamic energy management
While the vehicle is being dr iven , dynamic en­
e rg y management distributes the energy gen­
erated according to the needs of the individu­
a l components. It regulates consumption, so
that more ele ctrical energy is not being used
than is being generated and ensures an opti­ mal state of cha rge for the battery.
{D) Tips
- But even energy management cannot
negate the limits of physics. Consider
that the power and life of a battery are
limited .
- If starting ab ility is threatened, you are
i nformed by a warn ing
c> page 22 7,
Driver notification in the instrument
cluster display .
What you should know
The highest priority is given to maintaining
starting capability .
The battery is seve rely taxed in shor t-distance
driving, in city tra ffic and dur ing the cold time
of year . Abundant electrical energy is re ­
quired, but only a little is generated . It is also
critical if the engine is not running and e lectri­
ca l components are turned on . In this in­
stance energy is being consumed but none is
being generated.
It i s in precisely these situations that you will
notice energy management actively regulat­
ing the distribution of energy.
Vehicle stands for an extended period
If you do not drive your vehicle over a period
of several days or weeks , e lectr ica l compo­
nents are gradually cut back or sw itched off.
T his reduces energy consumption and main­
ta ins start ing capability over a longer period .
Take into consideration that when you unlock
your vehicle , some conven ience functions ,
s uc h as the inte rior lights or the power seat
adjustment, may not be available. The con­
venience functions will be available again
when you turn on the ignition and start the e ngine .
With the engine turned off
If you listen to the radio, for example, w ith
the engine turned off or use other MMI func ­
tions, the battery is being discharged .
If starting capability is jeopardized due to en­
ergy consumption , the following warning ap­
pears in the MMI display:
Please start engine, otherwise system will
switch off in 3 minutes .
The warning indicates that the system will be
turned off automatically after 3 minutes . If
you w ish to continue using the funct ions, you
have to sta rt the eng ine.
1111>

266 Check ing and filling
For year-round driving, antifreeze is added at
the factory for temperatures down to:
- -31°F(-35°C)USA
- - 40 °F ( - 40 °C) Canada.
_& WARNING
-
Before you check anything in the engine
compartment, always read and heed all
WARN INGS
¢ .&. in Working in the engine
compartment on page 258.
(D Note
- Befo re winter se ts in, have the coolant
checked to see if t he coolant addit ive in
your vehicle is sufficient to meet the cli­
mate conditions. This is especially impor­
tant if you live in a region where the win­
ter is extremely co ld. If necessary, in­
crease the proport ion of coolant additive
to 60%.
- When adding coolant additive to your
cooling system, remember:
- We recommend using only coolant ad­ ditive G12++ or G13 for your vehicle.
Th is coo lant add itive is available at au­
thorized Audi dealers. Other types of
antifreeze can significantly reduce cor­
rosion protection. The resulting corro ­
sion can cause a loss of coo lant and se­
r ious engine damage.
- Do not add any type of radiator leak sea l­
ant to your vehicle's engine coolant.
Adding rad iator repair fluid may adve rse­
ly affect the function and performance of
your cooling system and could result in
damage not covered by your New Vehicle Limited Wa rranty.
Checking the engine coolant level
The engine coolant level can be checked with
a quick glance .
Fig . 233 Engine compartment : Coo lant expansio n ta nk
Before you check a nyth ing in the engine com­
partment,
alw ays re ad and h eed all WARN­
INGS ¢ A in Working in the engine compart­
ment on page 258.
.,. Park yo ur vehicle on a level surface.
.,. Turn off the ignition.
.,. Let the engine cool down.
.,. Place a thick rag over the coolant expansion
tank ¢
fig. 233, c> page 260, fig. 229 and
care full y twist the cap counter-clockwise
¢,&. .
.,. Read the engine coolant level in the open
coolant expansion tank. W ith a cold eng ine,
the coolant level should be between the "min" and "max" markings. When the en­
g ine is wa rm, the level may be slightly above
the "max" mark ing.
T he locat ion of the coolant expansion tank
can be seen in the engine compartment illus­
tration
¢ page 260.
To obtain an accu rate reading, the engine
must be switched off.
The expansion tank in your vehicle is equipped
with an electric coolant level sensor.
When the coolant level is too low, the warning
light in the Auto-Check System¢
page 32 will
blink until you add coolant and the level has
been restored to normal. Even though there is
an electric coo lant level sensor, we still rec­
ommend you check the coolant level from
time to t ime.

TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with
the low tire pressure tellta le . When the sys·
tern detects a malfunction, the telltale will
flash for approximately one minute and then
remain continuously illuminated. This se·
quence will continue upon subsequent vehicle
start-ups as long as the malfunction ex ists .
When the malfunc tion indicator is illuminat·
ed, the system may not be able to detect or
signal low tire pressure as intended. TPMS
malfunct ions may occur for a variety of rea·
sons, including the installation of replace·
mentor alternate tires or wheels on the vehi·
cle that prevent the TPMS from functioning
properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction
telltale after replacing one or more tires or
wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the re­
p lacement or alternate tires and wheels allow
the TPMS to continue to function properly.
Tire pressure indicator appears
The tire pressure indicator in the instrument
cluster informs you if the tire pressure is too
low or if there is a system malfunction.
-
- -..,
;g
Fig. 242 Display: underinflat io n warning
Fig. 243 Display: Syste m ma lfunct io n
Using the ABS sensors , the tire pressure moni·
toring system compares the tire tread circum·
Tires and wheels 293
ference and vibration characteristics of the in­
dividual tires. If the pressure decreases in one
or more tires, this is indicated in the instru­
ment cluster with a warning symbol
[I] and a
message
c;, fig. 242 . The driver message in the
display goes out after S seconds . The driver
message can be displayed again by pressing
the
ICHECKI button . If only one tire is affect·
ed, the disp lay wi ll indicate its posit ion.
The tire pressure monitoring must be reset via
MMI each time the pressures are adjusted (e.
g. when switching between part ial and fu ll
load pressu re) o r after changing or replacing a
tire on your vehicle
c;, page 294. You can find
the recommended tire pressures for your vehi ·
cle on the label on the driver's door pillar
c;,page 278.
Tire tread circumference and vibration charac·
teristics can change and cause a tire pressure
warning if:
- the tire pressure in one or more tires is too
low,
- the tir e has structural damage ,
- the tir e pressure was changed, wheels rotat-
ed or replaced but the TPMS was not reset
c;,page294 .
Warning symbols
[I] loss of pressure in at least one tire c;, .&, .
Check the tire or tires and replace or repair if
necessary . The indicator light
[I] in the instru·
ment cluster also illum inates
c;, page 14.
Check/correct the pressures of all four tires
and reset TPMS via MMI.
IIQ§S, (Tir e Pressure Monitoring System) Tire
pressure! System malfunction . If llQ§f:1 ap·
pears after switching the ignition on or while
driv ing
c;, fig. 243 and the indicator light [I] in
the instr ument cluster blinks for approxi­
mately one minute and then stays on, there is
a system malfunction . See your authorized
Audi dealer as soon as possible.

Engine Compartment .... ..... ... ... ... ...
260
Coolant .. .. .... ........ ... .. .. .. . 265
Hood .. .. .. ...... ........... .. ... 258
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 , 106
Starting with jumper cables .. ... .... 308
Stopping ... ... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. . 106
Engin e compartm ent
Safety instructions ... ..... .. .. .. .. .
258
Working the engine compar tmen t ... . 258
Engine coolant system ... ... .. .. .. .. . 265
Adding coolant . .. ..... ... .. .. .. ... 267
Checking coolant leve l .. ... .. .. .. .. . 266
Checking the eng ine coolant leve l .. .. . 266
M alfunct ion .. ........... .. .. .. .. .. 32
Radiator fan .............. ... ... .. 268
Engine coolant temperature
Temperature ga ug e .... ... .. .. .. .. ..
10
Eng ine data .. .. ........... .. .. .. .. . 3 16
Eng ine hood
C losing ...................... ....
258
H ow to release the hood . .. .. .. .. .. . 258
Engine oil . .. ............. .... .. .. . 260
Adding .. .. ........ ..... .... .. .. . 264
Addi tives . .. ............. .... .. .. . 264
Changing .................. .... .. 264
Checking the eng ine o il level .. .. .. .. . 263
Consumpt ion ................. .... 262
Indications and cond it ions requ iring ex-
tra checking ............. .... .. ...
263
O il grades .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. .. ... 260
Recommended oil check intervals .. .. . 263
Specification and viscosity . ... .. .. .. . 260
Eng ine oi l level ..... ..... .. .... .. .. .. 36
Eng ine oil pressure
Malfunct io n ... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ..
33
Eng ine oil sensor defective . ... .. .. .. .. 36
E ng ine speed limitat io n ..... .. .. .. .. .. 36
Entry assist
Rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5
Environment Break-in period . .. ..... ... .. .. .. ...
228
Catalytic converter ........ .. .. .. .. . 229
Diesel particulate filter .... .. .. .. .. . 229
Disposing of your vehicle battery .. .. . 273
Driving at h igh speeds ......... ... .. 230
D riving to m inimize pollution and no ise 230
Inde x 329
Fuel . ... .. .. .... .. . .. .. ..... ... .. 253
Fuel economy .. .... . ... ...... ... .. 230
Leaks unde r your vehicle ..... ... .. .. 258
Letting the vehicle stand and warm up . 230
Proper disposal of dra ined brake fluid . 269
P roper disposal of drained eng ine cool -
ant .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... ... .. ....
267
Proper disposal of d ra in ed eng ine oi l .. 264
Recycling used eng ine oil . ....... .... 2 64
Un leaded fuel .. .. .... .... ....... .. 2 50
Wha t shou ld I do with an o ld battery? . 273
EPC
refer to Elect ron ic power control ...... 15
ESC
refer to E lectron ic Stability Control ( ESC) 16
Event Da ta Recorde r (ED R) ..... ... .. .. 219
Exhaust tail pipes
Cleaning .. .. .. .. .. . ... ...... ... ..
244
Expansion tank .. .. ................. 266
Explanation of some technical te rms ... 232
Ex terior lighting in the mirror housing 59
Exterior m irrors
Adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
Dimming .. .. .. .. .. ............... . 69
Heating ... .. .. .. .... ....... .... ...
68
Eyeglasses compartment . ..... ... .. .. . 89
F
Fa ll line
Fan Fou r-zo ne automatic comfo rt air condi-232
t 1o ni ng ... .. .. .. .. . .. .......... .. . 98
Radiator .. .. .. .. .. . ... ........... 2 68
Fasten ing
Booster seats .. ... ...... ......... .
208
Convertible child safety seats ... ... .. 206
Infant seats . .. .. .. ........... .... 205
Flat tire
Changi ng ... .. .. .................
298
Floor mats . ... .. .... . ... ...... ... .. 165
Fog lights .. .. .. .... .......... ...... 58
Fo lding chocks .. .. ............. .... 295
Fo ld ing master key wi th remo te control . . 38
Foot pedals . .. .. .... .......... ..... 165
•
•

Rear seats (four-zone automatic comfort
air conditioning) ....... ... ... ... ... 101
Steer ing whee l ... ....... ... .. .. .. . 101
Washer jets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
H eat ing
Climate controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
H eavy clothing and safety belts ... . ... . 173
High beam...................... S7, 60
Warn ing/ indicator lights ............. 18
H igh voltage warning label . ... .. .. .. . 3 14
H ill descent control ........ .. .. .. .. . 219
Hill hold Starting on hills .............. ..... 110
H omelink ® universal remote control
H ood 156
Opening . .. .. ........... .. .. .. ... 258
Release lever ................ ..... 258
Horn ............................... 8
H ow are c hild restra int system anchors re­
l ated to child safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
H ow many airbags does my vehicle have? 186
How often sho uld I check my tire pres-
sures? ............................ 281
H ow sa fety belt pretensioners work ... . 17 7
H ydroplan ing .. ........... .. .. .. .. . 285
I
Ignition key ............... ........ . 105
I gnition lock ... .... .... ... .. .. .. ... 105
Malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 37
I gnition lock pos itions ............... 105
Important things to do before driving .. 160
I mproperly worn safety be lts ... .. .. .. . 17 7
Indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
A irbag system ........... ......... 190
PASSENG ER AIR BAG OFF ........... 190
Infant seats .................... ... 205
I nflatable spare tire ..... ... .. .. .. .. . 296
Inflating ... .. .... .... ... .. .. .. ... 297
I nstal ling c hild safety seats
Safety belts ................. ..... 209
Install ing the upper tether strap on the
anchorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Instrument cluster illumination . ... .. .. 13
I nst rumen ts and controls ............. 10
General illus tra tion ........... ....... 8
Inde x 331
Interior lights
Front ... .. .. .. .... . ... ...... ... .. . 61
Rear ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... .... ... .. . 61
Intermitten t wiping
Rain sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
J
Jack .............................. 295
Jump-starting ...................... 308
Jumper cables ... .. .. . ... ...... ... .. 309
K
Key ............................... . 38
Battery replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Coded settings ... .. . ... ...... ... .. . 91
Convenience opening and closing of win -
dows ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .. . 53
Emergency key ..................... 38
Key replacement .................. . 38
Master key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Vale t key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Key coded settings
Climate controls .................... 91
Keyless entry remote contro l ........... 38
K ick-down
t iptron ic® ... .. .. .. . .. ....... ..... 140
L
LATCH
Desc ription .. .. .. .. .. ............ .
Gu idance fixtures for lower anchorages
Installing a ch ild restra int .......... . 212
213
214
215
Loca tion ......................... 213
Mo unting and releasing the anchorage
hook ... .. .. .... .. . .. .. ..... ... .. 215
Latera l ang le .. .. ... ... ............. 232
Leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Cleaning ......................... 247
Leve l adjustment
refer to Adaptive Air Suspension . 150, 152
Lifting jack ... .. .. .. . .. ....... ... .. 300
Lifting vehicle ...................... 312
•
•

332 Index
Light Exterior lighting in the mirror housing ..
59
leaving home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
also refer to Ambience lighting . . . . . . . 62
Lighting
refer to Ambience lighting ........... 62
Lighting in the mirror housing . . . . . . . . . .
59
Lights .. ...... ................... .. 57
Coming home ............ .. .. .. .. .. 58
Daytime running lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Emergency flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
Exterior lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Front fog lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Headlights ............ .. .. .. .. .. ..
57
High beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 60
High beam warning/indicator light ... .. 18
Leaving home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Rear fog lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
Side marker lights ........ .... .... .. 57
Turn signals ............. .. .. .. .. .. 60
Xenon headlights ..... .... .. .. .. .. .. 57
Light sensor defective ......... ... .. ..
35
Loading the luggage compartment .. ... 166
Loading the roof rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Locking
Power locking switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Rear lid/trunk lid ............ ..... .. 45
Remote control key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Using the key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Lower universal anchorage bars (Canada) 212
Lower universal anchorages (Canada) 212
Luggage Stowing . ................... .... . 166
luggage compartment Tie-down rings ............ ... .... .. 80
Luggage compartment ....... ..... .. .. 79
Cargo net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Expanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Retractable cover ........... .. .. .. .. 81
Ski sack . ... ................ ..... .. 82
also refer to Loading the luggage com-
partment . ................. ..... . 166
M
Maintenance ................. ..... . 319
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) . . 17, 27 Master key .
..... .. ................ .. 38
Battery replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,
40
Check light . ... .. ................ .. 39
Mileage Average ... .... ................... . 24
Instantaneous ... ................ .. 24
Mirrors Activating the dig ital compass ..... .. .
69
Adjust ing the exterior mirrors .... .... . 68
dimming .. .. ................. .. .. .
69
Recalling position of outside mirrors . .. 73
Storing position of outside mirrors . ... . 73
Monitoring the Advanced Airbag System 190
N
Natural leather .. .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. 246
New tires and wheels
NHTSA 285
Contacting ...... ... .......... .... 167
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) catalytic converter
refer to Ad Blue ... ....... ...... .... 255
Number of seats .................... 170
0
Occupant seating positions ........... 161
Octane rating ... .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. 250
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Offroad mode . .. .. ... .......... .... 219
Oil
refer to Engine oil ....... ...... .... 260
On-Board Diagnostic System (OBD) Data Link Connector (DLC) ........... . 28
Electronic speed limiter ............. . 28
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) .. .. . 27
Open door or rear lid warning .......... 22
open sky system
refer to Panoramic sliding sunroof .... . 54
Operate your vehicle economically and
minimize pollution . ... ....... ... .. .. 230
Optional equipment Marked with an asterisk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Other equipment (efficiency program) .. . 27
Outlets .. .. .. .. .. ....... ...... .... . 87