2011 TOYOTA AYGO engine

270DO−IT−YOURSELF MAINTENANCE: Engine and Chassis
CAUTION
Keep your tires properly inflated.
Otherwise, the following conditions
may occur and cause an accident re-
sulting in death or serious injuries.
Low tire pressure (underinflation)—
DExcessive wear
DUneven wear
DPoor handling
DPossibility of blowouts from an
overheated tire
DPoor sealing of the tire beads
DWheel deformation and/or tire sepa-
ration
DA greater possibility of tire damage
from road hazards
High tire pressure (overinflation)—
DPoor handling
DExcessive wear
DUneven wear
DA greater possibility of tire damage
from road hazards
Checking and replacing tires
72A008
Treadwear indicator
CHECKING YOUR TIRES
Check the tire’s tread for treadwear in-
dicators. If the indicators show, replace
the tires. The location of treadwear in-
dicators is shown by the “TWI” or “∆”
marks, etc., molded on the sidewall of
each tire.
The tires on your Toyota have built−in
treadwear indicators to help you know
when the tires need replacement. When
the tread depth wears to1.6 mm (0.06
in.) or less, the indicators will appear. If
you can see the indicators in two or more
adjacent grooves, the tire should be re-
placed. The lower the tread, the higher
the risk of skidding.
AYGO WE 99E37E1102.18

DO−IT−YOURSELF MAINTENANCE: Engine and Chassis271
NOTICE
Tires may have damage to its tire
wheel when receiving impact from the
road surface. Therefore, pay attention
to the following.
zBe sure to use with proper tire
inflation pressure. If the tire infla-
tion pressure is low, the tire may
have greater damage. For detailed
information about tire inflation pres-
sure, see page 299.
zAvoid driving onto high, sharp−
edged objects and other road haz-
ards. Failure to do so can lead to
severe tire damage.
The effectiveness of snow tires is lost
if the tread wears down below 4 mm
(0.16in.).
If you have tire damage such as cuts,
splits, cracks deep enough to expose
the fabric, or bulges indicating internal
damage, the tire should be replaced.
If a tire often goes flat or cannot be prop-
erly repaired due to the size or location
of a cut or other damage, it should be
replaced. If you are not sure, consult with
any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer,
or another duly qualified and equipped
professional.
If air loss occurs while driving, do not
continue driving. Driving even a short dis-
tance could damage a tire beyond repair.
Any tires which are over 6 years old
must be checked by a qualified techni-
cian even if damage is not obvious.
Tires deteriorate with age even if they
have never or seldom been used.
This applies also to the spare tire and
tires stored for future use.REPLACING YOUR TIRES
When replacing a tire, use a tire of the
same size and construction, and the
same or greater load capacity as the
originally installed tires.
Using any other size or type of tire may
seriously affect handling, ride, speedome-
ter/odometer calibration, ground clearance,
and clearance between the body and tires
or snow chains.
CAUTION
Observe the following instructions.
Otherwise, an accident may occur re-
sulting in death or serious injuries.
DDo not mix radial, bias belted, or
bias−ply tires on your vehicle, as
this may cause dangerous handling
characteristics resulting in loss of
control.
DDo not use tires other than the
manufacturer ’s recommended size,
as this may cause dangerous han-
dling characteristics resulting in
loss of control.
DDo not mix tires of different makes,
models or tread patterns, and do
not mix tires of remarkably different
treadwear. This may cause danger-
ous handling characteristics result-
ing in loss of control.
Never use second−hand tires on your
To y o t a .
Using tires whose previous history is un-
known is a risk.
Toyota recommends all tires be re-
placed at a time as a set.
See “If you have a flat tire” on page 226
in Section 4 for tire change procedure.
AYGO WE 99E37E1102.18

272DO−IT−YOURSELF MAINTENANCE: Engine and Chassis
When a tire is replaced, the wheel
should always be balanced.
An unbalanced wheel may affect vehicle
handling and tire life. Wheels can get out
of balance with regular use and should
therefore be balanced occasionally.
When replacing a tubeless tire, the air
valve should also be replaced with a
new one.
Rotating tires
MS72005
Steel wheels
MS72003
Aluminum wheels
To equalize tire wear and help extend
tire life, Toyota recommends that you
rotate your tires approximately every
10000 km (6000 miles). However, the
most appropriate timing for tire rotation
may vary according to your driving hab-
its and road surface conditions.
See “If you have a flat tire” on page 226
in Section 4 for tire change procedure.
When rotating tires, check for uneven
wear and damage. Abnormal wear is usu-
ally caused by incorrect tire pressure, im-
proper wheel alignment, out−of−balance
wheels, or severe braking.
AYGO WE 99E37E1102.18

DO−IT−YOURSELF MAINTENANCE: Engine and Chassis273
WHEN TO USE SNOW TIRES OR
CHAINS
Snow tires or chains are recommended
when driving on snow or ice.
On wet or dry roads, conventional tires
provide better traction than snow tires.
SNOW TIRE SELECTION
If you need snow tires, select tires of
the same size, construction and load
capacity as the originally installed tires.
Do not use tires other than those men-
tioned above. Do not install studded tires
without first checking local regulations for
possible restrictions.
CAUTION
Do not use snow tires other than the
manufacturer ’s recommended size, as
this may cause dangerous handling
characteristics resulting in loss of
control. Otherwise, an accident may
occur resulting in death or serious
injuries.
SNOW TIRE INSTALLATION
Snow tires should be installed on all
wheels.
Installing snow tires on the front or rear
wheels only can lead to an excessive dif-
ference in road grip capability between the
front and rear tires which could cause
loss of vehicle control.
When storing removed tires, you should
store them in a cool dry place.
Mark the direction of rotation and be sure
to install them in the same direction when
replacing.
CAUTION
DDo not drive with the snow tires
incorrectly inflated.
DObserve permissible maximum
speed for your snow tires and the
legal speed limit.
AYGO WE 99E37E1102.18
Installing snow tires and
chains

274DO−IT−YOURSELF MAINTENANCE: Engine and Chassis
G72017
Side chain
Cross chain
TIRE CHAIN SELECTION
Use the tire chains of correct size.
For155/65R14 tires, use the following
type chains.
A Diameter of side chain:
4mm(0.16in.)
B Diameter of cross chain:
5 mm (0.20 in.)
Regulations regarding the use of tire
chains vary according to location or
type of road, so always check local reg-
ulations before installing chains.
NOTICE
If the wrong combination of tire and
chain is used, the chains could dam-
age the vehicle body.
CHAIN INSTALLATION
Install the chains on the front tires as
tightly as possible. Do not use tire
chains on the rear tires. Retighten the
chains after driving 0.5—1.0 km
(1/4—1/2 mile).
When installing chains on your tires, care-
fully follow the instructions of the chain
manufacturer.
If wheel covers are used, they will be
scratched by the chain band, so remove
the covers before putting on the chains.
CAUTION
DDo not exceed 50 km/h (30 mph) or
the chain manufacturer ’s recom-
mended speed limit, whichever is
lower.
DDrive carefully avoiding bumps,
holes, and sharp turns, which may
cause the vehicle to bounce.
DAvoid sharp turns or locked−wheel
braking as use of chains may ad-
versely affect vehicle handling.
DWhen driving with chains installed,
be sure to drive carefully. Slow
down before entering curves to
avoid losing control of the vehicle.
Otherwise an accident may occur.
AYGO WE 99E37E1102.18

DO−IT−YOURSELF MAINTENANCE: Engine and Chassis275
Replacing wheels
WHEN TO REPLACE YOUR WHEELS
If you have wheel damage such as
bending, cracks or heavy corrosion, the
wheel should be replaced.
If you fail to replace a damaged wheel,
the tire may slip off the wheel or cause
loss of handling control.
WHEEL SELECTION
When replacing wheels, care should be
taken to ensure that the wheels are re-
placed by ones with the same load ca-
pacity, diameter, rim width, and inset
∗.
Correct replacement wheels are available
at your Toyota dealer or repairer, or
another duly qualified and equipped pro-
fessional.
∗: Conventionally referred to as “offset”.
A wheel of a different size or type may
adversely affect handling, wheel and bear-
ing life, brake cooling, speedometer/odom-
eter calibration, stopping ability, headlight
aim, bumper height, vehicle ground clear-
ance, and tire or snow chain clearance to
the body and chassis.
Replacement with used wheels is not rec-
ommended as they may have been sub-
jected to rough treatment or high mileage
and could fail without warning. Also, bent
wheels which have been straightened may
have structural damage and therefore
should not be used. Never use an inner
tube in a leaking wheel which is designed
for a tubeless tire.
CAUTION
Do not use wheels other than the
manufacturer ’s recommended size, as
this may cause dangerous handling
characteristics resulting in loss of
control. Otherwise, an accident may
occur resulting in death or serious
injuries.
Aluminum wheel precautions
DWhen installing aluminum wheels,
check that the wheel bolts are tight
after driving your vehicle the first1600
km (1000 miles).
DIf you have rotated, repaired, or
changed your tires, check that the
wheel bolts are still tight after driving
1600 km (1000 miles).
DWhen using tire chains, be careful not
to damage the aluminum wheels.
DToyota recommends the use of Toyota
genuine wheel bolts and wrench de-
signed for your aluminum wheels. Oth-
er bolts and wrenches of matching
quality can also be used.
DWhen balancing your wheels, Toyota
recommends the use of Toyota genuine
balance weights. Other balance weights
canalsobeused.
DAs with any wheel, periodically check
your aluminum wheels for damage. If
damaged, replace immediately.
AYGO WE 99E37E1102.18

276DO−IT−YOURSELF MAINTENANCE: Engine and Chassis
AYGO WE 99E37E1102.18

278DO−IT YOURSELF MAINTENANCE: Electrical components
CAUTION
BATTERY PRECAUTIONS
The battery produces flammable and
explosive hydrogen gas.
DDo not cause a spark from the bat-
tery with tools.
DDo not smoke or light a match near
the battery.
The electrolyte contains poisonous
and corrosive sulfuric acid.
DAvoid contact with eyes, skin or
clothes.
DNever ingest electrolyte.
DWear protective safety glasses when
working near the battery.
DKeep children away from the bat-
tery.
EMERGENCY MEASURES
DIf electrolyte gets in your eyes,
flush your eyes with clean water
immediately and get immediate
medical attention. If possible, con-
tinue to apply water with a sponge
or cloth while en route to the medi-
cal office.
DIf electrolyte gets on your skin,
thoroughly wash the contact area. If
you feel pain or burning, get medi-
cal attention immediately.
DIf electrolyte gets on your clothes,
there is a possibility of its soaking
through to your skin, so immediate-
ly take off the exposed clothing and
follow the procedure above, if nec-
essary.
DIf you accidentally swallow electro-
lyte, drink a large quantity of water
or milk. Follow with milk of magne-
sia, beaten raw egg or vegetable
oil. Then go immediately for emer-
gency help.
The electricity stored in the battery will
discharge gradually even when the vehicle
is not in use, due to natural discharge
and the draining effects of certain electri-
cal appliances. If the vehicle is left for a
long time, the battery may discharge, and
the engine may be unable to start. (The
battery recharges automatically during
driving.)
The meanings of each caution symbol
on the top of the battery are as fol-
lows:
No smoking, no naked
flames, no sparks
Shield eyes
Keep away from children
Battery acid
Note operating instructions
Explosive gas
AYGO WE 99E37E1102.18
Checking battery condition—
—Precautions